EXPH Lab Exam 1: Post Lab Questions
Which of the following contributes to blood lactate increasing at the lactate threshold in normal, healthy subjects?
- insulin levels decrease at high intensities, which results in faster glycogenolysis - epinephrine and glucagon levels increase at high intensities, which results in faster glycogenolysis - at high intensites, muscle fiber [ATP] may decrease and [ADP] increase; these would speed up the activity of phosphofructokinase - at high intensities, blood flow to the liver decreases, which reduces the ability to clear lactate - at high intensities we recruite motor units that have a lot of fast twitch fibers, which use glycolysis - at high intensities cAMP and Ca2+ levels are levated and these speed up the activity of phosphorylase
Which of the following is a reasonable number for moderate intensity FEO2 in a fit male subject?
0.15
resting absolute VO2 in a female subject
0.2
resting absolute VO2
0.3
RER when using exclusively fats
0.7
resting RER
0.77
Which of the following is a reasonable number for RER at high, but not maximal intensities?
0.90
Nitrogen factor is usually very close to this number
1.0
typical value for BTPS correction factor in our labs
1.1
Which of the following is a reasonable number for RER during a VO2max test that meets all validity criteria?
1.25
Which of the following is a reasonable number for absolute VO2 for a recreationally fit male (who does not bike very often) who has a body mass of 80kg and is exercising at 140W on a cycle ergometer?
1.8
Which of the following is a reasonable number for VE in an average sized recreationally fit female subject during the last minute of a valid VO2max test?
110
moderate intensity HR
158
Which of the following is a reasonable number for HR of an average sized, average fitness 35 year old female subject during the last minute of a valid VO2max test?
180
moderate exercise absolute VO2
2.2
reasonable moderate intensity relative VO2 for a female subject
24
Which of the following is a reasonable number for resting relative VO2 in a sedentary female subject?
3.5
Which of the following is a reasonable number for resting relative VO2 in an above average sized sedentary male subject?
3.5
reasonable resting relative VO2 for a male subject
3.5
The average VO2max of an average college aged female is __________ ml/kg.min (provide a single number, no decimal places)
35
The average VO2max of an average college aged male is __________ ml/kg.min (provide a single number, no decimal places)
45
Which of the following is a reasonable number for relative VO2 at 300W for a college aged male subject who is of average fitness and has a body mass of 80 kg?
45
relative VO2max
52
reasoable value for resting VE
8
resting VE
9
Which of the following images represent the appropriate trend in respiratory rate (breaths/min)) during progressive exercise from light to heavy intensities?
B
Which of the following images represent the appropriate trend in ventilation during progressive exercise from light to heavy intensities?
B positive slop curving up
Which of the following images represent the appropriate trend in tidal volume (L/min) during progressive exercise from light to heavy intensities?
C
Which of the following statements are true regarding the Oxygen deficit and EPOC collected on a trained individual completing a moderate intensity exercise bout. a) Oxygen Deficit will be larger than EPOC b) EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit c) The Oxygen Deficit will be equivalent to EPOC as the EPOC simply repays the Oxygen Deficit d) Oxygen deficits and EPOC are only characteristics of high intensity workloads
EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
FECO2 downward half circle
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
FEO2
fill in the missing parts of the bicarbonate buffering system equation:
H2O + CO2 <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
Tidal Volume
L/breath BTPS
VE
L/min BTPS
absolute VO2
L/min STPD
Which of the following is/are true about O2pulse during a VO2max test?
O2 pulse would tend to plateau because SV tends to plateau for most subjects during a VO2max test.
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
RER (VE/VO2 high higher y-axis numbers)
Based on the following last data point during a VO2max treadmill test (image), which of the following statement is correct: Subject Sex: Male Subject age: 30 year Final RPE = 17 Blood Lactate = 7.4 mM
The individual would be considered trained, but not elite in status as determined by their relative VO2 value.
Which of the following is true regarding the use of Net VO2?
a) 2 of these answers are true - Net VO2 represents the oxygen required (and thus reflects the energy expenditure) strictly associated with the exercise bout - Using Gross VO2 (instead of net VO2) would overestimate the caloric expenditure associated with an exercise bout, and thus reduce mechanical efficiency values.
Which of the following are reasons why EPOC is not equal to O2 deficit (i.e. why we no longer call it O2 debt)? a) Elevated catecholamines (norepinepherine and epinephrine) are elevated post exercise, increasing metabolic rate b) The Q10 effect increases the rate of chemical reactions, thus metabolic rate, in active tissues c) Heart and respiratory muscles working harder than rest elevate these tissues oxygen consumption in addition to the working musculature d) An additional oxygen cost is required post exercise to facilitate the removal of lactate by oxidation.
a) Elevated catecholamines (norepinepherine and epinephrine) are elevated post exercise, increasing metabolic rate b) The Q10 effect increases the rate of chemical reactions, thus metabolic rate, in active tissues c) Heart and respiratory muscles working harder than rest elevate these tissues oxygen consumption in addition to the working musculature
Which of the following is/are true about the TV, RR, and VE response to exercise? Select all that apply a) Exercise training would be expected to increase maximal stroke volume, which would increase VO2max b) Horses have a high absolute VO2max, but their relative VO2max is much lower than ours because they weigh so much c) Aging would tend to decrease VO2max at least partially due to a decrease in maximal heart ratehu d) hummingbirds would be expected to have a high relative VO2max because their max HR is around 1,000 bpm and their flight muscles have a lot of mitochondria (which would increase max a-vO2difference) e) RPE may be a better indicator of intensity than heart rate in a patient who has had a heart transplant f) Heart failure patients would tend to have lower VO2max mostly because of having lower max heart rates g) Dogs tend to have a high relative VO2max because their lungs are so big compared to ours h) anemia would be expected to decrease arterial oxygen carrying capacity, which would decrease maximal a-vO2difference, this would tend to decrease VO2max
a) Exercise training would be expected to increase maximal stroke volume, which would increase VO2max c) Aging would tend to decrease VO2max at least partially due to a decrease in maximal heart ratehu d) hummingbirds would be expected to have a high relative VO2max because their max HR is around 1,000 bpm and their flight muscles have a lot of mitochondria (which would increase max a-vO2difference) e) RPE may be a better indicator of intensity than heart rate in a patient who has had a heart transplant h) anemia would be expected to decrease arterial oxygen carrying capacity, which would decrease maximal a-vO2difference, this would tend to decrease VO2max
Which of the following is true about the lactate threshold? a) The intensity at the LT may be a better predictor of endurance performance than VO2max b) It is caused by the fact that the muscle is getting too little oxygen c) The only reason it occurs is that we are producing lactate at a faster rate d) all of the above e) two fo the above
a) The intensity at the LT may be a better predictor of endurance performance than VO2max
Which of the following are ways that can help you identify the ventilatory threshold? select all that apply a) VE/VO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase b) VE/VCO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase c) VE increases d) VO2 increases at a faster rate e) VCO2 increases at a faster rate f) VE increases at a faster rate g) VE/VO2 crosses over with VE/VCO2
a) VE/VO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase e) VCO2 increases at a faster rate f) VE increases at a faster rate
which of the following blood lactate, [LA], values is mismatched with its description: a) Valid VO2max: >12mM b) resting [LA]: approximately 1mM c) Elite athletes during max test: > 20mM d) Onset blood lactate accumulation: 4mM
a) Valid VO2max: >12mM
During the progression of exercise from moderate to heavy intensities, ventilation increases in a linear fashion up until 60% of VO2 max for the average subject. Which of the following statements explains what occurs beyond this point? a) Ventilation increases at a relatively steeper rate as ventilation plays an important role in buffering the blood as associated with the bicarbonate buffering system b) Ventilation decreases at a relatively steeper rate as ventilation reduces leading to the initial onset of fatigue c) Ventilation remains unchanged continuing on a linear pattern until fatigue d) Ventilation increases at a relatively steeper rate as ventilation plays an important role in buffering the lactate produced by the working muscle
a) Ventilation increases at a relatively steeper rate as ventilation plays an important role in buffering the blood as associated with the bicarbonate buffering system
Which of the following is/are true about the TV, RR, and VE response to exercise? Select all that apply a) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase TV than RR because it will result in greater increases in VA b) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in TV than RR c) in the transition from rest to exercise the increase in VE is due to roughly equal increases in TV and RR d) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase RR than TV because it will result in greater increases in VA e) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in RR than TV f) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in TV than RR g) VE increases roughly linearly across low and early moderate intensities, but beyond the ventilatory threshold, VE increases at a faster rate in order to blow off excess CO2 and buffer the blood h) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in RR than TV i) VE increases roughly linearly during the entire VO2max test
a) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase TV than RR because it will result in greater increases in VA b) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in TV than RR e) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in RR than TV g) VE increases roughly linearly across low and early moderate intensities, but beyond the ventilatory threshold, VE increases at a faster rate in order to blow off excess CO2 and buffer the blood
This question relates to some of the materials covered in the lab manual (and asked about in some of the study questions in the lab data sheet). Which of the following statements are true? a) anemia would be expected to decrease arterial oxygen carrying capacity, which would decrease maximal a-vO2difference, this would tend to decrease VO2max b) Dogs tend to have a high relative VO2max because their lungs are so big compared to ours c) hummingbirds would be expected to have a high relative VO2max because their max HR is around 1,000 bpm and their flight muscles have a lot of mitochondria (which would increase max a-vO2difference) d) RPE may be a better indicator of intensity than heart rate in a patient who has had a heart transplant e) Horses have a high absolute VO2max, but their relative VO2max is much lower than ours because they weigh so much f) Exercise training would be expected to increase maximal stroke volume, which would increase VO2max g) Aging would tend to decrease VO2max at least partially due to a decrease in maximal heart ratehu h) Heart failure patients would tend to have lower VO2max mostly because of having lower max heart rates
a) anemia would be expected to decrease arterial oxygen carrying capacity, which would decrease maximal a-vO2difference, this would tend to decrease VO2max c) hummingbirds would be expected to have a high relative VO2max because their max HR is around 1,000 bpm and their flight muscles have a lot of mitochondria (which would increase max a-vO2difference) d) RPE may be a better indicator of intensity than heart rate in a patient who has had a heart transplant f) Exercise training would be expected to increase maximal stroke volume, which would increase VO2max g) Aging would tend to decrease VO2max at least partially due to a decrease in maximal heart ratehu
You are currently sitting down, but you just finished a 30 minute run. Which of the following is/are NOT related to why you are still breathinng heavily even though you are no longer exercising? a) this is because you are still in an oxygen deficit b) this is partly because you need extra energy to replenish glycogen stores c) this is partly because your body temperature is still elevated d) This is related to EPOC e) this is partly because you are repaying PCr stores that were used at the onset of exercise
a) this is because you are still in an oxygen deficit
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
absolute VO2 in females
Which of the following may impact mechanical efficiency?
all of the above - Biomechanical Skill - Muscle fiber type composition - The use of predominatley carbohydrates or fats for fuel
Which of the following statements are true regarding the Oxygen deficit and EPOC collected on a trained individual completing a moderate intensity exercise bout. a) Oxygen Deficit will be larger than EPOC b) EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit c) The Oxygen Deficit will be equivalent to EPOC as the EPOC simply repays the Oxygen Deficit d) Oxygen deficits and EPOC are only characteristics of high intensity workloads
b) EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit
Below is a graph of a lactate threshold test conducted on an untrained individual. If the individual were to participate in an intensive endurance training program for six months, how would the shape of this curve likely change when the subject is retested in a similar format? a) the curve would become more linear instead of exponential b) The curve associated with the lactate trendline would shift to the right c) The curve associated with the lactate trendline would shift to the left d) The curve associated with the lactate trendline would not change very much at all, but they would have an increase in VO2max e) The curve associated with the lactate trendline would shift upwards
b) The curve associated with the lactate trendline would shift to the right
Which of the following is/are true about the lactate threshold? a) two of these answers are true b) The intensity at the LT may be a better predictor of endurance performance than VO2max c) The only reason it occurs is that we are producing lactate at a faster rate d) It is caused by the fact that the muscle is getting too little oxygen e) all of these answers are true
b) The intensity at the LT may be a better predictor of endurance performance than VO2max
Which of the following statements are true regarding the VO2 slow component? a) A steady state oxygen consumption can be achieved during near maximal, severe domain, exercise as long as the mode of exercise is specific to training b) The largest portion of the VO2 slow component is contributed by factors within the active muscle. c) During severe intensity exercise, type I muscle fibers are primarly recruited contributing to the vast majority of the VO2 slow component
b) The largest portion of the VO2 slow component is contributed by factors within the active muscle.
What does the Vo2 slow component suggest about prescribing high intensity exercise as a percentage of VO2max? a) Prescribing exercise as a percentage of VO2max is appropriate and standard practice regardless of the VO2 slow component. b) The problems associated with prescribing exercise based on the VO2 slow component can be avoided by simply using a % of heart rate max. c) Prescribing exercise as a percentage of VO2max may lead individuals to work too hard at high intensities as they may continuously drift towards VO2max. Therefore, exercise should be prescribed as a percentage of the person's Lactate Threshold to ensure steady state workloads can be prescribed. d) Prescribing exercise as a percentage of VO2max may lead individuals to work too easy at high intensities as the slow component may "Slow" down their metabolism at these high workloads.
c) Prescribing exercise as a percentage of VO2max may lead individuals to work too hard at high intensities as they may continuously drift towards VO2max. Therefore, exercise should be prescribed as a percentage of the person's Lactate Threshold to ensure steady state workloads can be prescribed.
Which of the following is the most appropriate unit for O2 deficit? a) ml/kg * min b) L/breath c) kcal/min d) L e) L/min
d) L
Which of the following are ways that can help you identify the ventilatory threshold? select all that apply a) VO2 increases at a faster rate b) VE increases c) VE/VO2 crosses over with VE/VCO2 d) VE/VO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase e) VE/VCO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase f) VE increases at a faster rate g) VCO2 increases at a faster rate
d) VE/VO2 begins to progressively and continuously increase f) VE increases at a faster rate g) VCO2 increases at a faster rate
Which of the following is/are true about the TV, RR, and VE response to exercise? Select all that apply a) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in TV than RR b) in the transition from rest to exercise the increase in VE is due to roughly equal increases in TV and RR c) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase RR than TV because it will result in greater increases in VA d) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in RR than TV e) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in TV than RR f) VE increases roughly linearly across low and early moderate intensities, but beyond the ventilatory threshold, VE increases at a faster rate in order to blow off excess CO2 and buffer the blood g) VE increases roughly linearly during the entire VO2max test h) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in RR than TV i) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase TV than RR because it will result in greater increases in VA
e) in the transition from rest to exercise there is a bigger increase in TV than RR f) VE increases roughly linearly across low and early moderate intensities, but beyond the ventilatory threshold, VE increases at a faster rate in order to blow off excess CO2 and buffer the blood h) As we make the transition from moderate to high intensities, we would expect a bigger increase in RR than TV i) When given the choice, gas exchange is more effective if we increase TV than RR because it will result in greater increases in VA
Which of the following is/are NOT true about VO2max? a) It corelates well with endurance performance b) It tends to be higher during exercise bouts that employ a large muscle mass c) It is influenced by both exercise training and heredity d) Increasing maximal stroke volume with training would help to increase it e) many clinical conditions associated with reduced exercise tolerance may be due to reduced VO2max f) all of the above ARE true
f) all of the above ARE true - It correlates well with endurance performance - It tends to be higher during exercise bouts that employ a large muscle mass - It is influenced by both exercise training and heredity - Increasing maximal stroke volume with training would help to increase it - many clinical conditions associated with reduced exercise tolerance may be due to reduced VO2max
O2 pulse
ml O2/beat
relative VO2
ml/kg min STPD
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
relative VO2 in females
The following graph depicts the response of a physiological variable to a VO2max test - starting at rest and finishing at maximal exercise. Typical ranges are also provided on the Y-axis. This graph best depicts what variable's response during a VO2max test?
tidal volume (in ml/breath) ascending slope; curves at the end
