EXS 455 FINAL
Upper body flexibility is assessed using the _____________, which is part of the Senior Fitness Test Battery. a. arm curl b. back scratch c. two-minute step test d. 8 foot up and go
back scratch
There is _____ evidence showing long-term physical activity can slow down the normal cognitive aging process.
Moderate
Physical activity self-definitions depend on all of the following except:
Motivation to stop the behavior
Which of the following evidence based programs specifically focuses on managing chronic diseases like diabetes? Matter of Balance Enhance Fitness Go4Life None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following flexibility activities are recommended for older adults? more than one answer may be correct a. power cleans b. Tai Chi c. Yoga
Tai Chi, Yoga
Many effective approaches to enhancing delivery of care for older persons have been developed. However, dissemination and implementation have been a problem due to a lack of funding
True
Researchers recently found a blood test for a specific tau protein may serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the only way to confirm the disease is through autopsy of the brain.
True
True or false: Consistent positive associations have been found between physical functioning and cognition, particularly for fluid abilities such as executive function and processing speed.
True
which of the following is NOT an example of an instrumental ADL? a. bathing b. laundry c. grocery shopping d. housework
bathing
What is the primary safety concern during musculoskeletal testing? a. blood pressure increases b. hypotension c. increased heart rate d. breath rate increases
blood pressure increases
Which growth factor is most important for increased brain neurogenesis? a. insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) b. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) c. platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) d. somatotropin
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Communication with older adults is not important as long as you are using behavioral theories to guide your exercise program implementation
false
It is imperative you use glossy paper when printing educational materials for older adults because they are better able to grip the materials
false
Long-term care residents spend up to 50% of their waking time in sedentary activities.
false
Motivation changes over times, but does not differ across individuals
false
Older adults experience an increased in ability to retrieve words, often called the "tip of tongue" effect.
false
Older adults need moderate intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 minutes on 5 days each week or vigorous intensity for a minimum of 30 minutes on 3 days each week.
false
Older adults should always perform balance exercises separately from cardiovascular and resistance training exercises.
false
Older adults with hearing impairment have a more difficult time hearing low frequency sounds
false
Seino et al. (2019) found exercise arrangement (exercising with others, not exercising, exercising alone) had little effect on maintaining mental health, but exercising with others enhanced physical function and mental health in both men and women.
false
Stepping in a hole or being bumped in a crowd involves anticipatory postural control to keep your balance.
false
Sue exercises regularly and does not have signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease, however, because she is 90 years old, she should obtain medical clearance prior to beginning a light to moderate intensity exercise program.
false
The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics Taskforce recommended using the same guidelines for all residents despite their ability to perform ADLs and stand.
false
The Minimal Data Set 3.0 is a series of assessments that all assisted living facilities must administer to their resident each month.
false
Which type of muscle fiber decreases the most with age?
fast twitch
which of the following is NOT a common reason older adults choose to exercise? a. fear b. socialization c. guidance d. fun and enjoyment
fear
Postural stability can be assessed by administering the _________ test. a. sit and reach b. arm curl test c. 8-ft up and go d. functional reach test
functional reach test
The two areas of the brain have been shown to improve with exercise; the ______ and the prefrontal cortex a. temporal lobe b. parietal lobe c. occipital lobe d. cerebellum
temporal lobe
Walking speed is an important predictor of older adult falls. If an older adult walks slower than ________ meter/second for 10 meters, they likely need an intervention to reduce their falls risk. a. 0.4 b. 0.6 c. 0.8 d. 1.0
1.0
in 2017, what percentage of older adults in Kentucky met the CDC guidelines for cardiorespiratory and muscle strengthening exercise? a. 15.6 b. 17.6 c. 11.6 d. 2.1
11.6
What is the range of arm curl test scores for men aged 65-69? a. 15-21 b. 12-18 c .13-19 d. 14-21
15-21
Older adults should engage in at least ____ sessions of resistance training each week.
2
Balance training of older adults should be conducted AT LEAST _____ times per week.
2-3
exercise can reduce the risk of fall related injuries by _________% a. 50-60% b. 32-40% c. 30-40% d. 22-38%
32-40%
Interventions that focused on resistance training resulted in mean increases in muscular strength as high as _______% a. 25 b. 35 c. 60 d. 55
60
Flexibility exercises can be performed a maximum of ______ days per week.
7
how many people are predicted to be 65 years of age and older by the year 2060? a. 52.4 million b. 80.8 million c. 94.7 million d. 25.5 million
94.7 million
Perceived value of physical activity can be impacted by which of the following? -maintaining an idependent lifestyle -doubts about capabilities -Intrinsic enjoyment of physical activities -Associations with trusted organizations like health care professionals and trainers -All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are ways to further challenge balance during balance training? a. dynamic movements that perturb the center of gravity b. Stressing postural control muscle groups c. reducing sensory input live vision and hearing d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following could cause reduced stability in older adults? A. Reduced range of motion around ankle joint B. Stroke C. Fear of falling D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a reason for assessing the physical fitness levels of older adults? a. to see progress towards goals b. to help set goals c. to identify strengths of older individuals d. all of the above
All of the above
Increase blood flow to the brain during physical activity may increase angiogenesis or the growth of new capillaries in the brain. This idea is referred to as the ______________. a. hormonal circulation factor hypothesis b. neurohormonal hypothesis c. brain hypertrophy hypothesis d. cerebral circulation hypothesis
Cerebral circulation hypothesis
Based on evidence from rat brain studies, most neuroscientists believe hippocampal neurogenesis is not possible
False
Brain games have far reaching positive effects on executive functions similar to long-term exercise training
False
Skinfold testing is a useful measure of body comp for older adults, especially those 85 years of age or older.
False
The researchers suggest the majority of older adults meet the definition of frailty-biological syndrome characterized by decreases in biological function reserve and resistance to stressors due to changes in physiological systems, which puts individuals at special risk for poor outcomes.
False
There is a shortage of adequately prepared geriatric nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, and public health professionals. Rowe et al. (2016) suggests one reason is most clinical professionals are not interested in working with older patients.
False
Bill has been sedentary for years, but because he was an avid exerciser, he is familiar with and expects soreness after his initial exercise sessions. Bill's previous _______________ or feelings of soreness will help improve his self-efficacy to exercise.
Physiological/emotional states
The interaction between the individual, the environment, and the behavior is called ___________.
Reciprocal determinism
Which of the following does NOT describe motivation among the older population?
Relatively the same over time and between individuals
Which of the following is not typically a source of efficacy information?
Religious and political beliefs
Which sensory system is concerned with touch, vibration, and pain?
Somatosensory
There is ______ evidence sustained high levels (2.5 hrs/week of moderate-high intensity) physical activity can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 40-50% and all-cause dementia by 25%.
Strong
Select the components of fluid abilities: (NOT long-term memory)
Working memory capacity Inhibition Processing speed
Balance training should include as much exercise stimuli as possible. Which of the following are stimuli that have been shown to be effective? a. tandem foot standing b. standing on one leg c. weight transfers d. all of the above
all of the above
There is a demonstrated need for a larger professional health care and direct-care workforce focused on geriatrics yet there is still a critical shortage of both. Why? a. Geritiricians salaries are less due to the United States fee-for-service system and the time-intensive treatment of older adults with chronic conditions b. lack of sufficiency trained nursed and allied health professionals such as PTs, OTs, etc c. Turnover rates for direct care staff are above 50% due to low wages and inadequate training and supervision d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are resistance training options for older adults? bands and tubes free weights water all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following contributed to the extension of life over the last century? a. advances in public health b. socioeconomic development c. medical technology d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following tests is part of the Short Physical Performance Battery? a. chair stand test b. gait speed test c. balance tests d. all of the above
all of the above
which of the following things should be considered when working with older adults? choice of music addressing participants by their first name older adults' life experiences all of the above
all of the above
The cerebral vascular hypothesis states that exercise stimulates the growth of new capillaries in the brain. This process is called ___________. a. angiogenesis b. gluconeogenesis c. hypertrophy d. none of the above
angiogenesis
Older adults who are unable to live independently, but do not require the level of care provided by a nursing home may choose to live in this type of facility? a. adult day care b. hospice care c. assisted living d. independent living community
assisted living
Which of the following are considered functional fitness tests? (more than one may be correct) a. cardio respiratory fitness b. motor agility c. speed/agility d. body comp
cardio respiratory fitness, motor agility, body comp
The six minute walk test is an assessment of which physical fitness parameter? a. Lower body endurance b. Lower body strength c. body comp d. cardiorespiratory fitness
cardiorespiratory fitness
Doing this contributes to a focus on increasing healthspan rather than lengthening life. a. compression of mortality b. reductions in frailty c. compression of morbidity d. none of the above
compression of morbidity
Gerontological research has shifted from lengthening life to increasing years of health. This goal is referred to as a. life span compression b. compression of mortality c. compression of disease state d. compression of morbidity
compression of morbidity
The author suggests life extension comes with a "Faustian Trade". what do you think this means? a. infectious disease will be an increasing problem for older adults in the future b. chronic diseases will be a thing of the past with increased medical technology c. continued medical advances with lead to people living longer, but with more disability and less independence d. none of the above
continued medical advances with lead to people living longer, but with more disability and less independence
Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercises on the brain? a. cortex thinking b. angiogenesis c. hippocampal neurogenesis d. decreased brain synapses
decreased brain synapses
Self-regulation and goal setting was found to be effective behavior change techniques for the general population, but may not be effective to older adults due to........
decreased executive function
Delivery of a physical activity intervention is as important as the content. Which of the following can positively impact delivery, and therefore, the success of the intervention?
ensuring poor vision and hearing are addressed during the intervention
Assessing power in older adults is not a good idea because they shouldn't perform fast or explosive movements
false
BAM is an acronym for Better through Active Movement.
false
Because Bob is having trouble hearing your exercise instructions, he may be one of the many older adults over 60 suffering from gout.
false
a specialized area of study within the larger discipline of kinesiology that focuses on understanding how physical activity influences all aspects of health and well being in the older adult population and the aging process in general a. gerokinesiology b. geriatric therapy c. mature physical activity d. senior lifespan movement
gerokinesiology
which is an example of an activities of daily living (ADL)? a. walking b. running c. grooming d. climbing stairs
grooming
Which term accurately the process of cells dividing and reproducing a limited number of times? a. cell clock b. free radical oxidation c. hay flick limit d. sacropenia
hayflick limit
which of the following is not a typical characteristic of the frail elderly? a. high socioeconomic status b. possible isolated living condition c. more frequent hospital stays d. poor mental health
high socioeconomic status
If we do not address the problems of the aging population we can expect which of the following to occur? a. decreased financial costs b. less functional disability and more independence c. improved older adult's dignity
higher morbidity and mortality
Which brain structure is most responsible for long-term memory? a. temporal lobe b. hippocampus c. hypothalamus d. thalamus
hippocampus
What type of facility is necessary for an individual who needs supportive and palliative care at the end of his/her life? a. hospice care b. nursing home c. adult day care
hospice care
Which of the following states has the lowest percentage of older adults meeting the CDC guidelines for cardiorespiratory and muscle strengthening exercise?
kentucky
The two minute step test involves which of the following piece(s) of equipment? a. masking tape b. stopwatches c. 5 lbs dumbbell d. 18 inch ruler
masking tape, stopwatches
All of the following are essential components of modeling except
mastery
The healthcare needs of older adults coping with multiple chronic conditions accounts for the vast majority of ___________ expenditures a. medicaid b. medicare c. SNAP-ED d. social security
medicare
The ability to move independently and safely from one place to another is called...
mobility
The ability to move independently and safely from one place to another is called.... a. mobility b. posture c. stability limits d. balance
mobility
Devereux & Fitzgerald (2016) found successful older adult interventions should include all of the following EXCEPT:
more challenging than the participants expect
The lack of social engagement has a large impact on ____________ which is similar to other known medical and behaviors a. morbidity b. work life c. disease risk d. mortality
mortality
As part of their weekly physical activity, older adults should do _____ physical activity.
multi-component
Physical activity can benefit frail older adults by improving functional capacity. Which of the following intervention resulted in the greatest overall enhancement in functional capacity? a. balance training b. endurance training c. coordination training d. multi-component exercise programs
multi-component exercise programs
The following quote from an older adult suggests they do not see _____________ in physical activity. "Im not participating in exercise because I must have been doing something right or I wouldn't be in such good health" Use Devereux-Fitzgerald et al article
perceived value
As we age our ability to overcome the demands of the environment is determined by our a. socioeconomic status b. social status c. psychological reserve d. physiological reserve
physiological reserve
Which of these brain structures is most vulnerable to the effects of aging and neuro-degenerational diseases? a. cerebellum b. olfactory bulb c. cerebrum d. prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex
Which part of the brain is important for executive function, focus, and shifting attention? a. temporal lobe b. cerebellum c. prefrontal cortex d. thalamus
prefrontal cortex
Process or group of processes occurring in a living organism that lead to loss of adaptability, functional impairment, and eventually death.
primary aging
Aging is due to the effects of environment and disease a. primary b. secondary c. frailty d. aging process
secondary
Which test is not a part of the STEADI assessment? a. 30 second chair stand b. 4 stage balance test c. timed up and go d. sit and reach
sit and reach
As older adults progress in their resistance training efforts, it is important to begin to focus on faster movements to increase muscular power; assuming there are no obvious contraindications (injuries, etc.)
true
Fun is a critical component for successful older adult physical activity interventions
true
The researchers in this meta-synthesis found six descriptive themes to help explain older adults' attitudes towards physical activity. Which one is the most effected by the pandemic
value of social interaction
