EXSS 221 Chp 2

functional skills

General abilities that transfer to many jobs and situations i.e. a referee uses functional skills to make quick, accurate decisions and to resolve player conflicts that occur on the court

What does achieving success in most business settings require?

specific knowledge, skills, and values that students are expected to begin acquiring as undergraduates.

What are fundamental to career planning and indicate what you consider most important in your life?

values

Benefit of computerized career assessment system

Using a systematic approach, you will be able to conduct a self-assessment and compare occupations to make decisions that align with your values, interests, skills, personality, and desired future lifestyle. For each occupation you are considering, gather the following information: the nature of the work, work setting and conditions, educational and personal qualifications required, earnings, employment outlook and competition, methods of entering the occupation, opportunities for advancement, opportunities for exploring the occupation, related occupations, and sources of additional information.

Professional Brand study

When they first meet you, other people rely on your physical appearance and behaviors to make judgments about you. Albert Mehrabian pioneered a study on the initial impressions people make about others. The results, often referred to as the 7-38-55 rule, suggested that 7 percent of an initial impression is based on what a person says, 38 percent on how they say it, and 55 percent on what the other person sees, including body language

research

entails taking a broad look at career fields and learning more about specific sport management occupations, work environments, and employers that might match your unique career profile as identified through your self-assessment. Online resources are available to explore occupations and help you understand positions of interest to you. It is helpful to speak with people who are involved in or familiar with these occupations. Internships or job shadowing experiences may be helpful.

Valuable employees display their professional attitudes in the images they project, how they approach work transitions and adjustments, and in their business __

etiquette

Most undergraduate sport management programs include these 3 components:

general education courses, major courses, and field experiences

The following are among the many aspects of your professional brand:

grooming, attire and accessories, body language, and social media

adaptive skills

highly sought after attributes that enable a person to approach changing workplace situations with flexibility and a willingness to find continued success. i.e. a referee must remain calm and poised under stressful conditions

professional attitude

how to present a professional image, follow the fundamentals of business etiquette, develop ethical and critical thinking skills, and enter the world of work and be comfortable and productive there

Salesforce survey reported by Young

indicated that Gen Z members expect organizations to be more innovative than do their millennial counterparts. You should use these generational expectations to inform and help your organization improve its performance, especially related to connecting with your generation. Although frequent job changes may be the norm, you can achieve employment security by continuing to develop new skills through lifelong learning and by assuming personal responsibility for managing your career.

What is another excellent way to gain additional information about jobs and work environments?

interviewing professionals in person or virtually Most sport managers are willing to help eager college students learn about the field. Through an informational interview, you can gain an insider's view on sport management positions, learn if the career is right for you, obtain referrals to other professionals, and add to a network of contacts. Identify a sport manager to interview, and call to arrange an appointment.

What is the first step toward developing these essentials to success?

involves adopting the perspective that you are now more than simply a student; you are a professional.

self-assessment

involves identifying and understanding your personal and work values, interests, abilities, aptitudes, and personality traits and your desired future lifestyle.

search

involves sharpening the skills that will help you obtain a position to which you aspire. During this stage, you will network with contacts, prepare effective application materials, present yourself professionally in interviews, evaluate and accept a job offer, and adjust to a new position.

What are the 3 basic types of skills?

job content skills, functional skills, and adaptive skills

When did the desire for consistency and quality in sport management curricula start?

started in 1986 when the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) appointed a task force to dev curricular guidelines. NASPE joined the North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM) in serving as the program approval agency from 1993 until 2008, when the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) became an accrediting body for sport management programs.

Refine Your Teamwork Skills

-The ability to participate as a valuable member of a team is imperative in any work setting. -Tasks and assignments often rely on the talents of a work team, which is a group of people working together to accomplish a task or solve a problem. -To be an effective team member, you need to develop skills such as commitment to the task, communication, collaboration, confrontation, consensus building, and caring and demonstrating respect for other team members. -Remember to be prompt and provide complete and quality work or feedback in an agreed-on time frame.

What is one way to discover the most relevant reading material related to your educational and occupational goals?

- is to pay attention to the publications that your instructors use for assignments. -Several chapters of this book discuss relevant publications and professional associations specific to various careers in sport management. -Membership in one or more of these associations will offer you opportunities to read publications, attend conferences, and access information exclusive to members. -Some associations have student branches that provide students with opportunities to gain experience in leadership and governance. -Sharing ideas and networking with professionals at all levels will be enjoyable and helpful in your career development. Your instructors can give you advice about which professional associations will be most helpful to you now and in the future.

Use Electronic Communication Appropriately

-Although email is often used as an informal mode of communication, adherence to the conventions of good business writing is expected in business-related email messages. -Good judgment regarding the content of email messages is essential. It is a good rule of thumb to never use email to address conflict in the workplace. -It is difficult to infer tone and meaning through email, and doing so may escalate a situation that could have otherwise been resolved through phone or face-to-face communication.

What are the employment trends the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) projects?

-An NACE survey found that more than 80 percent of responding employers said they look for evidence of leadership skills on the candidate's résumé, and nearly as many seek indications that the candidate can work in a team. -Employers also cited written communication skills, problem-solving skills, verbal communication skills, and a strong work ethic as important candidate attributes. -Students would be wise to involve themselves in work and cocurricular experiences that best prepare them for future careers.

What is the result of a student's inability to abide by norms?

-An inability to abide by norms, combined with a skeptical view of human behavior and pressure to succeed in college may influence students to behave unethically in their own lives. -Some students may be willing to compromise ethics and cheat to receive a better grade than they deserve. -However, by doing so they are developing habits and behaviors that may seriously jeopardize their future success. -The International Center for Academic Integrity (2019) defines academic integrity as "a commitment, even in the face of adversity, to six fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage" (p. 4). -As they learn academic content to prepare for a career after college, students have a responsibility to make good decisions. -Many students have the foresight to understand that ethical behavior in college will serve them well as they develop their professional aptitude.

embrace diversity

-Appreciate all diversity, including that of gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, ability, socioeconomic status, age, and appearance, and respect people whose experiences do not mirror your own. -Do not engage in racist, ageist, sexist, or other demeaning behaviors, and tactfully let others know that these actions are not appropriate. -Seek to comprehend the history, values, understandings, and opinions of others. -Being inclusive is the right thing to do! A proactive strategy that addresses diversity in an organization is associated with a host of positive outcomes such as improved group processes, better decision making, the attraction of customers, and increased organizational performance

assess performance

-As a new professional, you should welcome the evaluation process, recognizing that the aim of constructive criticism is to improve your performance. -Expect to be involved in setting goals that will challenge your learning process. -Your progress will be measured on a recurring basis so you and your supervisor can identify appropriate professional development activities to help you perform to the best of your ability. -Be prepared to discuss your specific needs for development, and ask your supervisor what you should be doing to improve your job performance.

Commit to your professional development

-As the concept of a successful career continually changes in the global sport marketplace, personal flexibility and the ability to adapt to change become even more important. -Underlying the assumption that professionals can embrace challenges, be flexible and adapt to change is the concept of lifelong learning. -Your professional education is just beginning, and it will continue throughout your life. You should make an early commitment to lifelong formal and informal learning so that you can continue to grow professionally and personally. -Participation in business and professional associations increases your knowledge and expands your network of associates throughout your career -A well-developed career network is vital to your professional advancement. Your network contacts can provide information, guidance, support, honest feedback, and access to career opportunities. Interaction with sport management colleagues is stimulating, and it allows you to grow professionally and contribute to your field.

Critical thinking stills and ethics

-When students cultivate and practice critical thinking skills, they are less likely to act or make decisions out of habit. -The development of sound critical thinking skills can allow people to thrive in academic and work environments. -Mastering academic content is important, as is learning about social situations, ethics, and values. -Those who challenge themselves and take the time to think, reflect, and learn have a much better chance to flourish in their personal and professional lives.

Learn to manage conflict

-Conflict is energy among people; it is not about winning or losing. -Conflict is an opportunity to acknowledge and appreciate differences. -Carney and Wells (1994) noted that workplace differences or conflicts are most likely to occur in the workplace when roles and responsibilities are not clearly articulated, when personal needs and expectations are not taken into consideration, and in situations where employees experience high pressure situations. -They added that situations involving conflict "offer ideal opportunities for clarifying personal differences and for team building" (p. 179). -If you disagree with a colleague, supervisor, or customer, express yourself without being unpleasant. When handled in a mature, positive way, conflict can be healthy.

Understand organizational culture

-Employee socialization, also called onboarding, refers to a process that welcomes a new employee into the culture -Management usually initiates employee socialization programs to help employees understand policies and procedures and essentials to function on the job. -These expectations are often shared during an orientation or stated in an organization's policy manual. -Employees also learn unofficial procedures that have evolved over time by observing the behaviors of others and listening to stories told about the organization at informal gatherings. -A clear understanding of expectations is essential to a fast career start. -Astute new employees will recognize the importance of learning the organization's rules and guidelines and can distinguish themselves from others by showing their professional maturity. -Professionally mature individuals display good judgment, and they are more likely to foster healthy workplace relationships and have access to further professional development opportunities. -If you are unclear about expectations within your organization, it is wise to ask for clarification. -Labin (2017) advocated a mentoring relationship where a more experienced individual provides guidance and support to the less experienced learner, or mentee. -Mentors can share experiences and advice to assist new employees in their career development.

Career Readiness for Occupational Success

-Findings from a recent survey of employers identified the essential career competencies that employers look for in recent college graduates: critical thinking and problem solving, professionalism and work ethic, teamwork, and communication skills (NACE, 2020). -Knowing which skills are required in order to be successful in today's workplace is a good starting point for assessing your level of skill attainment. -After you identify the skills you possess and your level of proficiency, you can develop a plan for enhancing the skills that are most pertinent to your career goals.

implicit norms

-Seek to understand informal norms, also referred to as implicit norms, that serve to "explain the way things happen in an organization" -These informal norms can be learned, usually by observing other members of the group. -Although these expectations of behavior may be informal, they are extremely important; in some cases, they are more powerful than formal, explicit norms.

Sport management preparation programs

-Sport management preparation programs exist at the baccalaureate (undergraduate), master's, and doctoral levels. -Undergraduate programs prepare students for entry-level positions in the sport industry. -Master's-level education prepares students for more advanced, specialized responsibilities. -The doctorate level usually emphasizes research. Students who seek a doctorate typically wish to become professors or work in some other capacity in a college or university setting.

Where can sport management programs be found?

-Sport management programs can be found in schools of education and departments such as physical education, recreation, hospitality, kinesiology, and more. -In the first two decades of this century, the number of sport management programs housed in business schools has grown -These programs commonly seek certifications from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). -Regardless of where a sport management program is housed on campus, the curriculum typically contains business courses, general education courses, and courses specific to the sport environment.

Learn your job

-When you start a new job, make sure you understand your duties and how to proceed. -Before beginning an assignment, listen carefully to directions. -If you don't fully understand all instructions, ask for clarification. -Taking notes as you receive oral instructions is perfectly appropriate; it ensures understanding and thorough recall of expectations. -Set up periodic meetings with your supervisor to confirm and clarify your progress on assignments and to ensure that your work is accurate, thorough, and of high quality. -You are not expected to know everything in an entry-level or new job, but you are expected to show interest and actively learn.

Thank Others

-Take the opportunity to express gratitude to anyone who provides you with information or time. -A good practice to follow is to send a note of appreciation within 24 hours of a social or business contact or event. -You may want to consider sending a written note of thanks, but in many cases, a well-composed email is appropriate and can be delivered quickly. -Making a habit of thanking people who help you will go a long way toward establishing your reputation as a professional.

Develop Your Written Communication Skills

-The ability to express thoughts and ideas in writing is one of the most important competencies of a good sport manager. -Among the many types of writing that you will have to produce are business correspondence (e.g., memos, email messages, responses to concerns), reports, and technical manuals. -Learn to organize your thoughts logically and use grammar and punctuation correctly. -Investing time and energy in learning to write well will pay big dividends when you enter the professional world.

How does field experience provide an opportunity to build your professional network?

-The people in your network can be vitally important to you as you search for opportunities. -Many sport organizations do not recruit on college campuses or advertise their openings. -Rather than sift through hundreds or even thousands of applications to find qualified candidates, sport organizations often only let their personal network know about a job opening. -Given this reality, in order to gain employment after graduation it is essential that students acquire practical experience in a professional setting and build a solid network. -Students should seek internships that present new challenges and provide opportunities to acquire new skills that will give them a competitive advantage in the job market. -Many students find that their enthusiasm for the field and motivation to excel academically increase because of their internship experience. -Students should give themselves sufficient time to prepare and search for a field experience. -Preparing a résumé and cover letters and practicing interviewing skills (i.e., engaging in mock interviews) are essential.

Ethical Decision Making

-The professional codes of many sport organizations articulate acceptable behaviors. -Employees in these organizations are expected to adhere to these codes. -The Athletic Director's Desk Reference includes a well-developed sample policy that addresses ethical and professional conduct of employees.

What are the many factors that contribute to your process of learning what you value?

-These factors include cultural background, family influences, educational opportunities, religious and spiritual experiences, friends, and peers. -One computer-based career guidance system (SIGI3) can help you assess your values based on the following: contribution to society, high income, prestige, independence, security, variety, leadership, and leisure. -The choices you make about your occupational life need to be in harmony with your basic values and belief systems; otherwise, you will not find personal satisfaction in your job.

Career Planning and Management

-To thrive in today's workforce, employees need to assume responsibility for their career planning and management and be actively involved in developing a career strategy. -Gone are the days when college graduates could expect to find jobs immediately after graduation and spend their entire careers working for one organization. -If you are a millennial (born between 1980 and 1995), or a member of Generation Z (Gen Z; born between 1996 and 2015), you are likely to move from one company or department to another. -As you change positions, you can bring with you best practices and fresh ideas

How else can career centers be a resource?

-Your career center may also be able to help you create a portfolio as evidence of what you have done (and hence what you will be able to do as a professional). -Although your portfolio can be a bound collection of work completed during each semester, you may want to consider creating an electronic portfolio (ePortfolio). -Many online platforms are available to help you develop your ePortfolio, and you can even use your social media to promote such work. -Regardless of format, the portfolio should include various projects and assignments from sport management courses and any relevant evidence of success in other experiences. -Portfolios are valuable in providing examples of skills and knowledge. Furthermore, in the process of creating your portfolio, you will be able to reflect on your competencies and proficiencies. -You will want to update your ePortfolio as you grow in your profession..

Interests

-activities that you enthusiastically engage in and find enjoyable and subjects that arouse your curiosity or hold your attention. -Interests are an integral part of your personality and are related to your values. -Throughout your life, your personal experiences shape your interests. -These interests often lead to competencies in the same areas. -When your occupation matches your interests, you experience greater job satisfaction. -If you have difficulty identifying or articulating your interests, you might want to seek the assistance of a career advisor at your university career center. -Using interest inventories, career advisors can help you assess your measured interests and match those interests with appropriate occupations.

What is field experience in sport management commonly referred to as?

-an internship, and it may include cooperative work experiences (co-ops) or practicum experiences. -A field experience allows students to observe and assist professionals and learn about managerial responsibilities and the scope of the sport organization in which they are employed. -Field experience is a common component of the sport management curriculum. -Students should expect to be supervised by an on-campus intern coordinator and a professional in the agency providing the experience. -Field experiences present excellent experiential learning opportunities so that students can apply what they have learned in the classroom to a real-life situation, thus connecting the theoretical and conceptual with the practical

Why is the general education component of the undergrad curriculum vital?

-because college graduates should be able to demonstrate understanding and capabilities beyond those acquired in their major courses. -As a college graduate, you will be expected to express yourself well verbally and in writing. -You should understand and be able to discuss—at least on a topical level—areas such as art, literature, history, and social and physical sciences. - you should be able to deal with a changing society that reflects our world's cultural diversity. -Awareness of other cultures and an understanding and appreciation of them are essential in addressing the sport management needs of the global community -sport managers are also expected to use critical thinking skills commonly developed in general education courses. -As you seek to advance your career, the analytical, critical thinking, and leadership skills learned in general education courses will become even more important. -Employers specifically look for these among other career competencies when hiring.

In choosing a graduate program, what should you consider?

-consider the program's location within the university, the industry focus of the program, and the experience and research interests of the faculty. -You'll recall that some sport management programs are in departments of physical education or sport management, whereas others are housed in schools of business administration, departments of kinesiology, or other departments. -Another important consideration when choosing a graduate program is the industry focus of the program. -Some programs are geared toward preparing students for athletic administration positions within an educational structure (e.g., intercollegiate athletics). -Other programs focus on sport management in the private sector (e.g., professional sport) or public sector (e.g., community centers). -To be admitted to a graduate program, candidates need to have high grades, be involved in cocurricular activities, have experience in the sport industry, and have high scores on entrance exams such as the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). -It may be beneficial to look at schools in other geographic regions or athletic conferences. -Diversifying your academic setting can afford you novel experiences and different perspectives of how sport organizations are run. -It is important to consider all options, seek advice from those working in the field, and meet with faculty in programs of interest to determine whether the graduate program is a good fit.

What are addl ways to learn more about your field and gain relevant experience?

-include becoming involved in student activities, gaining on- and off-campus employment, and participating in community service opportunities. -Involvement in student organizations provides the chance to assume leadership roles and prepare as professionals. -Student-affiliate chapters of professional associations, which are often found on campuses with sport management programs, also provide opportunities to network with professionals, visit sport facilities, and learn about ways to gain work experience in sport settings. -Students may wish to pursue community service activities such as volunteering with the Special Olympics, working with recreational sport programs, and assisting in community-sponsored events. -Furthermore, numerous jobs are available on most college campuses in sport settings such as the student recreation center, the intramural sport office, and intercollegiate athletic department offices.

How are campus career centers valuable sources of assistance?

-may have information about available internships. -Your campus may also host career fairs or on-campus networking and will help you prepare to interact with alumni and employers offering internships. -In addition, many sports teams and organizations hold sport-related job fairs in campus venues. -Your academic program's internship coordinator may maintain a database of available positions or a list of employers who have provided internships in the past. -Your professors can also be a good source of information on planning and preparing for an internship. -Although internships have been customary in sport management for quite some time, many academic fields have discovered their value.

How can you be successful in a classroom or place of business? (in terms of ethics)

-people must understand expectations and recognize norms that regulate group members. -Explicit norms are formally communicated rules that govern behavior. -In college communities, rules are stated in student policy manuals. In classrooms, explicit norms are outlined in the course syllabi and handouts. In a business environment, explicit norms are outlined in documents such as staff handbooks. -To gain confidence in any situation, one should review and comprehend an organization's formal policies and procedures.

Advanced education in sport management

-you may choose (or be asked by your employer) to pursue a graduate degree. -Even early in your academic career you may want to begin thinking about an advanced degree. -The first graduate degree after the baccalaureate, or bachelor's, is the master's. -Master's degree programs typically require one or two years of additional study. -Doctoral-level education builds on the background gained at the undergraduate and master's levels. -It is much more specialized in its focus and is essential for anyone who aspires to be a college professor. -When contemplating whether to pursue a graduate education, consider the costs associated with graduate study and look for ways to fund graduate education. -Be sure your end goal matches the credentials you seek. -In other words, investigate whether your desired workplace setting expects a graduate degree. Note that some degree programs prefer several years of professional experience prior to graduate study.

Three components of a professional perspective

1) professional preparation 2) professional attitude 3) career readiness

How is keeping up with current events in your field essential to your academic preparation?

Although numerous popular media outlets offer sport stories, the popular media should not be the primary source of information for the sport management student. One of the most daunting challenges you may have as you prepare for a sport career is to separate your fandom of various sports or specific teams from your role as a future sport manager. Students studying to be sport managers should subsidize any reading from popular media and fan sites with readings from an assortment of trade and academic journals that specifically address sport management issues.

How is gaining experience an important part of professional preparation?

Gaining experience through employment is an important part of professional preparation. Work experience provides students with opportunities to build networks, improve professional skills, establish a greater sense of responsibility, learn more about personal strengths and values, and gain self-confidence. In providing advice on how to launch their careers while in college, one career adviser shared a belief that all students should take as many work and volunteer opportunities as possible before graduating

Other studies about professional brand

In their 1972 seminal work, Hulbert and Capon stated that in one second a person has made an assumption about your age range, gender, physical attractiveness, and attitude or mood. In as little as four minutes they have already made an assumption on whether you're educated, trustworthy, reliable, confident, friendly, and capable.

Planning your future in sport management includes paying attention to a critical element that you can control:

PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDE Employers commonly share that they cannot teach people to have the mindset for professional success. Thus, applicants who do not possess this quality are not hired or promoted. To ensure that you are a competitive candidate, one thing you must do is demonstrate a positive attitude in your interviews and on the job An enthusiastic and professional attitude will not only enhance your opportunities for employment and advancement, it will also make you a more pleasant person to be around. That alone is a worthy goal. Furthermore, attitudes are demonstrated through behaviors.

Career readiness

Purposeful steps you can take to attain and demonstrate the competencies that broadly prepare college graduates for a successful transition into the workplace

Thank Others

Take the opportunity to express gratitude to anyone who provides you with information or time. A good practice to follow is to send a note of appreciation within 24 hours of a social or business contact or event.

Describe the competitive nature of the field of sport management

The field of sport management is an extraordinarily competitive one. Therefore, candidates from a large pool compete for a finite number of jobs within the sport industry. To achieve success in this competitive environment, students must be willing to plan ahead and put forth a great deal of effort to land in the best position possible.

How are cocurricular activities an essential part of professional preparation and have been identified as especially vital to future job success?

These experiences can provide valuable skill development in areas such as teamwork, decision making, problem solving, and communication. Participation in cocurricular activities such as student clubs, intramural sports, and service learning provides opportunities for leadership and involvement and helps students become well-rounded professionals.

Breaches of ethical behavior

You have no doubt witnessed or read about many breaches of ethical behavior, often by high-profile individuals in spheres such as politics, business, and sport. People who have been caught violating social norms and formal laws can face a variety of sanctions understanding how to examine an issue thoughtfully and maintain an ethical demeanor will serve you well in any environment.

field experience

a hands-on learning opportunity in which students gain professional experience in an organization while receiving class credit

mock interview

a practice interview in which you can rehearse your responses to questions that interviewers are likely to ask you

etiquette

a system of rules and conventions that regulate social and professional behavior

Cocurricular Activities

opportunities that are typically outside the academic classroom that complement what students are learning in school

The complex process of making career decisions can be divided into these four stages:

self-assessment, research of potential careers, career preparation, and the search

As you prepare for a career in sport management, consider the following reminders of good manners:

telephone: (Answering the telephone in a professional manner includes clearly identifying yourself and your organization or department) voice-mail greeting: refrain from recording an inappropriate greeting for callers language meeting participation dining etiquette international experience (ways. Communicating with and relating to people from other cultures requires that you learn the protocols, courtesies, customs, and behaviors of those cultures) introductions and greetings office etiquette romantic relationships (not a place to flirt) A positive, professional attitude—as reflected in your professional image, work habits and behavior, and business etiquette—is essential to your future success. Do not underestimate the roles that enthusiasm and positive self-image play in creating a successful professional attitude.

professional preparation

the courses and experiences that you can expect in your undergraduate curriculum and beyond

What is a skill?

the developed aptitude, ability, or personal quality needed to perform a task competently

career preparation

the process of consciously analyzing and weighing all information you have gathered about yourself and various sport management occupations and career paths. At this stage you will make a tentative career decision, formulate educational and vocational goals, and develop plans to achieve them. The more you learn about yourself and the world of sport management, the better and more realistic your educational and career choices will be.

job content skills

the specialized knowledge or abilities needed to fulfill specific job duties i.e. knowing the rules of basketball

What is an effective way to collect info that can help with occupational decision making?

through the completion of a computerized career assessment system. Most college career centers provide an interactive, web-based career guidance and education planning system that helps students with important career planning tasks such as understanding their interests, work values, personalities, skills, and educational preferences; identifying and discovering how their personal qualities relate to occupations; and narrowing their options by interactively exploring and analyzing occupations. Career center professionals can assist you in identifying how your values, interests, personality, and skills align with various occupational choices.