Extending HTML

SSI file name extensions

A Web server that supports SSI reads each HTML page for SSI instructions, and then processes the instructions for each user request. Standard practice is for HTML files that use SSI to use the .shtml or .shtm file name extension, rather than simply .html or .htm.

Microsoft's original server-side scripting solution

Active Server Pages (ASP) using VBScript- largely been supplanted by .NET. You can create ASP applications using VBScript, which is quite like JavaScript, except that VBScript is a proprietary Microsoft language. PHP is an alternative to ASP.

three ways in which server-side scripts are used

Browser detection Database connectivity Cookie creation and identification Logon scripts Hit counters File uploading and downloading

Identify three HTML5 APIs.

Canvas Offline Web applications Geolocation Drag-and-drop audio video

three characteristics of a server-side language

Code is executed by the Web server, not by the Web browser. Code is generally placed into files called applications. These applications are assigned execute permissions by the Web server. In some cases, code is embedded into HTML pages. Code executes because an interpreter has been installed and activated on the Web server.

built-in JS objects

Document - allows you to obtain values from and write values to a document. Navigator - allows you to determine the type of browser accessing a Webpage. Array - allows you to create a series of variables to later manipulate.

What is the DOM? How do we use it?

Document Object Model (DOM) is a standard developed by the W3C. It describes the elements, or objects, within a document rendered by a Web browser .vendor-neutral, cross-platform Application Programming Interface (API) that specifies how objects in a document can be referred to and manipulated through scripting languages. standard object model and programming interface for HTML standard for how to get, change, add, or delete HTML elements Document Object Model is an API that represents and interacts with HTML or XML documents.

What is DHTML?

Dynamic HTML (DHTML) is an umbrella term to describe HTML's ability to work with other technologies to provide animation, interactivity and dynamic updating in Webpages

JavaServer Pages (JSP)

JSP is a technology that uses Java commands embedded into HTML code

common client-side language

JavaScript - an object-based scripting language that allows developers to add interactivity to their Webpages. JavaScript can be used on the client side or on the server side

Active Server Pages (ASP) using VBScript

Microsoft's original server-side scripting solution. It has largely been supplanted by .NET. You can create ASP applications using VBScript, which is quite like JavaScript, except that VBScript is a proprietary Microsoft language. PHP is an alternative to ASP.

SSI support in Web servers

Most Web servers include SSI capability. However, the SSI feature may be disabled. For example, if you are using Apache Server, you must edit the httpd.conf file to enter the instructions necessary for Apache Server to process the server-side includes found in HTML pages. With Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), you must select features in the GUI to enable SSI.

five common server-side languages

PHP, Perl, Active Server Pages (ASP), Visual Basic, Python, C# and Java.

PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. interpreted server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Webpages. It is embedded in HTML pages but is always executed on a Web server.

three advantages of JavaScript, as noted within the reading

Quick development-does not require compilation; interface features handled by browser and html Easy to learn- simpler than other programming languages Platform-independence- not specific to an OS. can be run in any browser that supports JS.

SSI

Server Side Includes instruction inside of an HTML page that directs the Web Server to perform an action alternative to CGI can be used to: place results of a database query into a page and execute other programs

potential problems with a client-side language

Some clients do not support JavaScript or any other scripting language. Users can deactivate script execution in browsers that normally support it. User agents such as Lynx often do not support JavaScript or other forms of client-side scripting

Give an example of a DOM object.

Window Object: Window Object is object of the browser which is always at top of the hierarchy. It is like an API that is used to set and access all the properties and methods of the browser. It is automatically created by the browser. Document object: When an HTML document is loaded into a window, it becomes a document object. The 'document' object has various properties that refer to other objects which allow access to and modification of the content of the web page. If there is a need to access any element in an HTML page, we always start with accessing the 'document' object. Document object is property of window object. Form Object: It is represented by form tags. Link Object: It is represented by link tags. Anchor Object: It is represented by a href tags.

Java servlets

an application that must be installed directly onto the remote server; code from a Java servlet is not downloaded to the browser.

C#

compiled object-oriented programming language and is the proprietary Microsoft competitor to Java. C# was designed to be easier to use (like Visual Basic) but still powerful.

Visual Basic

compiled programming language developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is used for stand-alone applications and server-side Web applications. It is not often used as a client-side application in Web browsers, as is JavaScript or VBScript.

Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl)

cross-platform programming language that enables users to write custom CGI programs and system management programs. Perl is a language commonly used for various purposes, including Web server processes.

Server-side includes (SSIs)

instruction within an HTML page that directs the Web server to perform an action. SSI is considered to be an alternative to CGI because it does not use languages such as JavaScript, Visual Basic or Java. Rather, SSI instructions are written in SGML.

Go

often called Golang, is a programming language developed by Google. Announced in 2009, and dropping its 1.0 release in 2012

Canvas

provides a place to display graphics, animation, video and games on the fly. draw objects on a canvas using JS <canvas></canvas> width and height only two attributes

Python

programming language that was developed in the 1980s, but only started to gain popularity in 2004. It is touted for being easy to use. Python is object-oriented and has a plethora of frameworks that makes it more flexible than other languages.

What is an HTML5 API?

provide an open environment for developing Web applications that does not rely on proprietary browser plug-ins example of DHTML consist of HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. JavaScript is used to access the DOM. These technologies used together create webpages

What is an web application framework? Provide an example of one.

software framework that enables developers to create and manage dynamic Websites, Web applications and Web services. Software frameworks generally provide common programming code for generic functions that can be selectively overridden by the developer for specific functionality. django react ruby on rails

What is the purpose of a manifest in relation to offline web applications?

tells the browser which files to store locally, is what allows the user to continue working without the connection. When the user goes back online, the application cache will automatically update when revisiting the Website. The application cache will reload that file in the event any of the existing data has changed in the cached files