fahmy 2020 dictionary for kids 6

adjective having little or no value.

He found an old vase, but it turned out to be worthless.

adjective upside down adverb with the top part underneath, or turned the wrong way up.

He hung upside down from the bar.

: 20ºC x 9 = 180; 180 ÷ 5 = 36; 36 + 32 = 68ºF) To convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade: subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9.

Metric measures Imperial measures Temperatures The 50 states and their capital cities Alabama AL Montgomery Alaska AK Juneau Arizona AZ Phoenix Arkansas AR Little Rock California CA Sacramento Colorado CO Denver Connecticut CT Hartford Delaware DE Dover Florida FL Tallahassee Georgia GA Atlanta Hawaii HI Honolulu Idaho ID Boise Illinois IL Springfield Indiana IN Indianapolis Iowa IA Des Moines Kansas KS Topeka Kentucky KY Frankfort Louisiana LA Baton Rouge Maine ME Augusta Maryland MD Annapolis Massachusetts MA Boston Michigan MI Lansing Minnesota MN St.

noun a disk that turns around a fixed, central point.

Most land vehicles move on wheels (see car on page 39 and transportation on page 221).

wander wanders wandering wandered verb to go from place to place without any real purpose or destination.

My friends love to wander around the mall.

Allen 5cl, 6bfr, 39b; Gary Crallé 24cbr; Gary Gay 103tr; Alvis Upitis 23tfr.

NASA 21fcla, 68tr, 68 cafr, 172 tfl.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 249 Word building The charts on this page show how you can take one word and build a new one from it by adding a group of letters called a prefix or a suffix.

Prefixes, such as dis-, un-, or mis-, are joined to the front of a word.

Planet Earth Pictures/Robert Canis 131cafr.

Quadrant 220br.

adjective very dangerous.

The sea can be treacherous for a small boat.

wood noun 1 the hard material from a tree's trunk or branches used to make furniture and objects or to burn for fuel.

The train is made of wood.

adjective with no order or plan.

The trip was very unorganized.

track tow tows towing towed verb to pull something along behind.

The truck towed the car to the garage.

adjective surprising, or happening when you do not think it will.

The unexpected rain made everyone leave the beach.

noun 1 any one of the tubes that carries blood from other parts of the body to the heart.

The vena cava is the major vein in the body.

winter noun the coldest season of the year.

Winter comes between the fall and spring.

noun a long, thin, metal thread that can be bent.

Wires can be used to carry electrical power.

noun a wild mammal that is part of the dog family and lives in cold regions.

Wolves live in packs and hunt other animals for food.

2 a word used to ask for something.

Would you like some tea?

noun a special photograph that shows your bones and other parts that are inside your body.

X-ray verb yak

wrong wrist A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Xx Yy 244 X-ray

X-rays

noun a striped African mammal that is part of the horse family.

Zebras live in herds on open plains and eat grass and shrubs.

noun a device with two rows of teeth that can be opened and closed.

Zippers are used to fasten clothing or bags.

noun wide

adjective 1 being a large size, or long distance, from one side to the other.

wild

adjective 1 in a natural environment, or not controlled by people.

uncomfortable

adjective 1 not able to relax.

unconscious

adjective 1 not able to think and feel, possibly because of an illness or accident.

unhealthy

adjective 1 not well or not fit.

valuable

adjective 1 precious, or worth a lot of money.

wooden

adjective 2 a group of trees growing together.

woven

adjective 2 to move in and out between objects.

I wonder how she managed to arrive first? wonderful

adjective amazing or extraordinary.

Why did you go? wicked

adjective behaving in a bad way on purpose.

typical

adjective being a good example of something, or showing all its usual qualities.

unique

adjective being the only one of its kind.

underground

adjective below the ground.

tragic

adjective bringing great sadness.

whole

adjective complete, or with nothing missing.

unkind

adjective cruel or not caring.

unwise

adjective foolish or not smart.

understudy verb underwater

adjective found under the surface of the water, or used under the surface of the water.

wise

adjective having a lot of knowledge and experience.

noun wealthy

adjective having a lot of money or possessions.

worth

adjective having a value.

unlucky

adjective having bad luck, or bringing bad luck.

weak

adjective having little strength or power.

unfortunate

adjective having or bringing bad luck.

willing

adjective in agreement with something that you are asked to do.

noun vicious

adjective likely to hurt people or things.

usefully adverb usual

adjective most often done or seen.

unknown

adjective never seen or heard of.

waterproof

adjective not allowing water to pass through it.

underdone

adjective not cooked for long enough.

unnecessary

adjective not needed.

unlikely

adjective not probable.

unusual

adjective rare or not ordinary.

TRUE

adjective real and accurate.

unfortunately adverb unhappy

adjective sad or miserable.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 239 weird

adjective strange and mysterious.

traditional

adjective traffic noun vehicles, ships, or aircraft moving along a route.

triumphant

adjective trod from the verb to tread She trod in a puddle and splashed her clothes.

trustworthy

adjective truth noun something that is true.

twin

adjective twinkle twinkles twinkling twinkled verb to shine with small flashes of light.

typically adverb tune green turtle a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z Uu 227 ugly

adjective unpleasant to look at.

upright

adjective uproar noun a state of noisy activity.

upside-down

adjective upstairs adverb to or on an upper story.

upstairs

adjective upward adverb toward a higher position.

velvet

adjective ventriloquist

volcanic

adjective volume

windy

adjective wind winds winding wound verb 1 to twist or coil something up.

uneasily adverb unemployed

adjective without a job.

zigzag

adjective zigzag verb zinc noun a blue-white, brittle metal.

j jump trudge, soldier,

adjective, magic k kiss come, anchor, sack, biscuit, walk, unique l leg island m miss comb n nose gnat, kneel, pneumonia o not swan, cauliflower, knowledge o (say oh) go sew, though, boat, slow o (say oo) move threw, zoom, shoe, soup, through, blue, fruit o (say aw) gone autumn, awful, broad, ought o (say ow) now out, bough o (say oy) boy boil oo zoom threw, move, shoe, soup, through, blue, fruit, queue qu (say kw) quite choir r red rhyme, wrong s saw cell, psychology, science s (say zh) pleasure mirage, confusion sh she ocean, machine, special, sure, conscience, expansion, nation t top debt, bought u up son, does, flood, double u pull woman, wool, would u (say ur) fur germ, heard, bird, worm, journey v very of w wish what y yard use, onion z zebra busy, scissors, xylophone If you are having trouble finding a word in the dictionary, it may be because you are looking under the wrong spelling.

m.

after noon (Used with times, e.

Ayrton Metals Ltd.

and The Platinum Advisory Centre 112car, 112cbfr.

) EST eastern standard time etc.

and all the rest (From the Latin et cetera.

People in the armed forces, the police force, and some students wear uniforms.

say yoo-ni-form

A unicorn is like a horse, but has a long, spiraled horn on its forehead.

say yoo-ni-korn

Graduating from university with advanced degrees.

say yoo-nuh-vur-si-tee

uranium noun a silvery white, radioactive metal used for producing nuclear energy.

say yoo-ray-nee-um

I left work at the usual time.

say yoo-zhoo-ul

2 a group of workers that join together to take care of the concerns of employees.

say yoon-yun

The cat uses a cat flap to come in and go out of the house.

say yooz

noun a small ship with a sail that is usually used for racing or pleasure, rather than for transporting goods or passengers.

say yot

noun someone whose job it is to serve you with a meal.

waiter is male and waitress

m.

revolutions per minute (The measurement of how fast records and other things turn.

) rte.

route S south Sat.

Society sq.

square Sr.

say vej-tab-bul

stem stalk spear leaf flower head stem seed leaf husk seed corncob leaf seed stalk root root tuber flesh stem leaf leaf skin beet kohlrabi radish eggplant zucchini corn okra pumpkin sweet potato asparagus radicchio Brussels sprouts peppers artichoke chinese cabbage celery A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 234 vegetarian

tooth

teeth

Sunday SW southwest tel.

telephone temp.

e.

that is (From the Latin id est.

It was a real thrill to ride on the roller coaster.

thrilling

adjective throat

throats

throne

thrones

The book dropped to the floor with a thud.

thumb

say thum

thunder noun a loud, rumbling sound that comes after a flash of lightning during a storm.

thunderstorm

thunderstorms

noun a storm that has thunder and lightning.

tick

tick verb ticket

tickets

noun a piece of paper that shows that you have paid to do something, such as travel on a bus or go into a theater.

tickle tickles tickling tickled verb to touch someone's skin lightly, making them laugh or squirm.

tide

tides

tiger

tigers

They hunt at night for their food.

tight

opposite loose

tighten verb tightly adverb tightrope

tile

tiles

noun a thin piece of decorated baked clay or other material that is used as a wall or floor covering.

till tills tilling tilled verb to prepare land for planting.

The farmer tilled his fields before planting the new season's crops.

tillable

timber noun cut wood that is used for building and making things.

timber thumb A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 216 time time

town

towns

toy

toys

She traced her family's history back three centuries.

trace

noun an object to play with.

trace traces tracing traced verb 1 to copy a picture by placing a sheet of thin paper over it and drawing around the outline.

There were traces of a fire in the cave.

track

A heart transplant.

tractor train

trade trades trading traded verb to exchange one thing for another.

tradition

There was a lot of traffic on the bridge.

tragedy

trailer

trailers

trail

trails

noun a small vehicle or container that can be towed behind a car, truck, or tractor.

train trains training trained verb 1 to practice doing exercises or skills for a sport.

He trained his dog to sit.

training

noun traitor

traitors

noun a person who turns against his or her country or friends by helping an enemy.

trample tramples trampling trampled verb to crush something by stepping on it.

The dog trampled all over the flowers.

trampoline

say tram-puh-leen

trance

say trans

transfer transfers transferring transferred verb to move something from one person or place to another.

comparisons

weirder weirdest welcome welcomes welcoming welcomed verb to show someone that you are glad they have come.

He went to the door to welcome his guests.

welcoming

noun a deep hole made in the ground to obtain water, gas, or oil.

well

well

wells

Water the plants well.

went from the verb to go I went to the grocery store to buy some bread.

wept from the verb to weep He wept when his dog died.

west noun one of the four main compass directions.

West is the direction in which the Sun sets.

western

adjective western

westerns

noun a film about cowboys and other people living in the western US, usually during the 19th century.

wet

whip a cowboy's whip durum wheat whale

whales

opposite dry

what

say hwot

wheat noun a type of cereal that is grown on farms.

wheelbarrow

wheelbarrows

noun a small cart with one wheel at the front, used for pushing heavy loads by hand.

wheelchair

wheel

wheels

People use wheelchairs to move from place to place if they have difficulty in walking.

when adverb at what time.

The toddler whined about going to bed.

whip

always used with another verb

whirl a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 241 will

whirlwind

whirlwinds

noun a very strong wind that blows in spirals, causing great damage.

whisk whisks whisking whisked verb 1 to move quickly and lightly.

Whisk the egg whites until they are stiff.

whisker

say hwis-ul

whistle

white noun a color.

whizz whizzes whizzing whizzed verb to move along very fast.

A wicked person.

wickedness

The carpet is ten feet wide.

wide adverb

noun a married woman.

wig

comparisons wilder wildest

wilderness

say wil-der-ness

will verb a word used to show that the action of a verb is happening in the future.

opposite lose

wind

windmill

windmills

noun a building with large sails that uses wind power to turn a machine that grinds grain, pumps water, or makes electricity.

window

wine noun an alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes.

wing

dkimages.

com

exclamation mark × multiplied by √ square root © copyright - dash ÷ divided by π pi .

full stop * asterisk = equals ≈ is similar to , comma ( ) parentheses > greater than $ dollar ; semicolon " " quotation marks < less than ¢ cent : colon , apostrophe A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 252 Afghanistan Capital city: Kabul People: Afghans Currency: Afghani (AF) Albania Capital city: Tirana People: Albanians Currency: Lek Algeria Capital city: Algiers People: Algerians Currency: Algerian Dinar (DA) Andorra Capital city: Andorra la Vella People: Andorrans Currency: Euro (€) Angola Capital city: Luanda People: Angolans Currency: Readjusted Kwanza (Kz) Antigua & Barbuda Capital city: St.

(e.

g.

before noon (Used with times, e.

g.

e.

g.

January Jr.

junior kg kilogram km kilometer kph kilometers per hour Dec.

) a.

m.

, 9 a.

m.

words

noun 1 a sound or group of sounds that stands for an idea, an object, or an action.

tragedies

noun 1 a very sad and unfortunate event.

times

noun 1 all of the past, present, and future.

views

noun 1 everything that you can see from a certain place.

twins

noun 1 one of a pair of children or animals born to their mother at the same time.

wings

noun 1 one of the parts of a bird, insect, or bat that is used for flying (see bird on page 28, insect on page 108, and mammal on page 124).

vapors

noun 1 the gas that certain liquids or solids give off when they are heated.

tops

noun 1 the highest point of something.

trials

noun 1 the legal process by which a judge and jury decide whether a person is guilty or innocent of a crime.

tips

noun 1 the narrow, pointed end of something.

wills

noun 1 the power to choose and control your own actions.

wave

noun 2 to move backward and forward.

versions

noun A different kind or form of the same thing.

weekends

noun Saturday and Sunday, the days when many people do not go to school or work.

trawlers

noun a boat that is used to catch fish by dragging a large net behind it along the bottom of the sea.

torches

noun a burning piece of wood carried as a light.

wheelchairs

noun a chair with wheels.

veils

noun a covering for the face or head that is made of thin fabric.

trophies

noun a cup, medal, or other prize that is given to the winner of a contest.

winds

noun a current of air.

wreaths

noun a decoration made from flowers, leaves, or branches tied together in a circle.

whistles

noun a device that you blow into to make high, shrill sounds.

wigs

noun a false covering of hair for the head (see costume on page 51).

tractors

noun a farm vehicle with large wheels that is used for pulling heavy loads or machinery over rough ground.

tripods

noun a frame with three legs that is used as a support for a camera.

triumphs

noun a great success.

trapezes

noun a high swing used by acrobats for performing stunts.

trips

noun a journey.

trances

noun a kind of sleep, or a dazed state, when you are not completely conscious.

treasures

noun a large amount of gold, jewels, or other valuable things.

vultures

noun a large bird of prey that feeds on dead animals.

turkeys

noun a large bird that lives wild in the forests of North America.

trucks

noun a large vehicle used for carrying goods from one place to another.

trombones

noun a large, brass musical instrument, played by blowing through a mouthpiece.

tuna or tunas

noun a large, edible sea fish.

zigzags

noun a line with a series of sharp turns and angles in it.

tusks

noun a long, pointed tooth that sticks out of the mouth of certain animals (see mammal on page 124).

wands

noun a long, slender stick used for performing magic tricks.

vacuum cleaners

noun a machine that cleans by sucking up dirt.

typewriters

noun a machine with a keyboard, used for printing letters and numbers on paper.

years

noun a period of 12 months.

ventriloquists

noun a person who can speak without moving his or her lips.

vandals

noun a person who deliberately damages things.

understudies

noun a person who learns a part in a play or performance so that he or she can take over if the usual actor cannot perform.

treasurers

noun a person who looks after the money and accounts of a government, a club, or a company.

tourists

noun a person who travels and visits places for pleasure.

widows / widowers

noun a person whose husband or wife has died.

tools

noun a piece of equipment that helps you do a job.

trampolines

noun a piece of gymnastic equipment made of strong fabric and attached to a frame by springs.

vests

noun a piece of underwear worn on the top half of the body.

waterfalls

noun a place where a river falls over a steep cliff.

zoos

noun a place where people can observe and learn about animals.

universities

noun a place where students go for the highest level of education.

tulips

noun a plant with a large, cup-shaped flower that grows from a bulb.

toadstools

noun a poisonous fungus with an umbrella-shaped top.

urges

noun a powerful feeling that makes you want to do something.

whips

noun a rope or strip of leather that is attached to a handle and is used for urging animals to do something.

tightropes

noun a rope stretched high above the ground that acrobats balance on.

tubs

noun a rounded, open container that is used to store things or wash things.

tunes

noun a series of musical notes put together in a certain order to form a melody.

warships

noun a ship armed with weapons that is used during a war.

troubles

noun a situation or problem that is worrying or difficult.

tortoises

noun a slow-moving reptile with a hard shell.

worms

noun a small animal with a soft body and no legs or backbone.

wrinkles

noun a small crease or fold in skin or fabric.

traces

noun a small mark or track left behind by something.

tomatoes

noun a soft, juicy, red fruit that can be eaten raw in salads or cooked (see fruit on page 85).

waxes

noun a solid, oily substance that melts when it is heated.

vowels

noun a sound represented by the letters a, e, i, o, or u (see alphabet on page 16).

yogurts

noun a sour food made by adding bacteria to milk.

vacuums

noun a space from which all, or almost all, of the air has been removed.

traditions

noun a special event, belief, or way of doing something that has continued in the same way for many years.

topics

noun a subject that is spoken or written about.

towers

noun a tall, narrow structure.

ties

noun a thin strip of fabric worn around the neck and knotted under the collar of a shirt.

weapons

noun a tool that can be used to hurt someone.

yo-yos

noun a toy that spins up and down on a string.

varnishes

noun a type of clear paint that makes a surface tough and shiny when it is dry.

trout

noun a type of edible fish that is part of the same family as the salmon.

viruses

noun a type of germ that causes a disease such as the flu.

watts

noun a unit for measuring electrical power.

trains

noun a vehicle that runs on tracks.

tricycles

noun a vehicle with three wheels that is moved by turning the pedals around, like a bicycle.

walls

noun a vertical surface made of stone, brick, or another material.

tornadoes or tornados

noun a violent, whirling wind that causes great damage to the land and buildings.

wildernesses

noun a wild area of land where no one lives.

yaks

noun a wild ox with long hair and horns that lives in the mountains of central Asia.

thistles

noun a wild plant with prickly leaves and purple, white, or yellow flowers.

witches

noun a woman who practices magic.

yokes

noun a wooden frame that fits over the shoulders of two oxen or other work animals so that they can pull a load.

violins

noun a wooden musical instrument with four strings.

valleys

noun an area of lowland between hills, often with a river or stream flowing through it.

zones

noun an area that is divided off for a particular purpose.

thrills

noun an excited feeling.

thoughts

noun an idea or opinion that you have been thinking about.

unicorns

noun an imaginary animal in myths and fairy tales.

vaccinations

noun an injection of a substance called a vaccine that prevents you from getting a particular disease.

weddings

noun an occasion when two people get married.

windows

noun an opening in a building or vehicle that lets in light and air, often covered with glass.

transplants

noun an operation to move an organ or tissue from one person or part of the body to another.

tunnels

noun an underground passage.

toes

noun one of the five separate parts at the end of your foot.

whiskers

noun one of the stiff hairs that grows near the mouth of certain animals (see mammal on page 124 and pet on page 148).

tonsils

noun one of two small lumps of tissue at the back of your throat.

vegetarians

noun someone who does not eat meat or fish.

vehicles

noun something that is used to transport people or things on land, in the air, or in space.

uniforms

noun special clothes worn by members of a group to show that they belong to that group.

For example, adding the suffix -er turns the verb teach into the

noun teacher.

uncles

noun the brother of someone's parent, or their aunt's husband.

wrists

noun the joint between your hand and your arm.

wages

noun the money paid to some in return for work.

tones

noun the quality of a sound or a voice.

treads

noun the raised part of a tire.

thumbs

noun the short, thick finger set apart from your other fingers at the side of your hand.

voices

noun the sound that comes out of your mouth when you speak or sing.

yolks

noun the yellow part of an egg.

tie

noun tie

tomorrow

noun tone

tonight

noun tonsil

touch

noun tough

travel

noun trawler

trot

noun trouble

unemployment

noun uneven

violence

noun violently adverb violin

vomit

noun vote votes voting voted verb to show your choice or opinion by putting up your hand or by marking a name on a piece of paper.

warmth

noun warn warns warning warned verb to tell or signal to someone that there may be a problem or danger ahead.

warning

noun warship

wealth

noun weapon

weariness

noun weathered

whisper

noun whistle whistles whistling whistled verb to make a high, shrill sound by blowing air through your lips.

whole

noun why adverb for what reason.

width

noun widow / widower

wish

noun witch

yarns

noun wool, cotton, or another material spun into a thread for knitting or weaving.

yawn

noun year

Suffixes that make

nouns Suffixes that make

tour

tours

towel

towels

She let go and the balloons drifted upward.

opposite downward

A tough problem.

opposite easy

He's been unemployed for almost a year.

opposite employed

You have more than me!

opposite fair

A true story.

opposite false

comparisons wiser wisest

opposite foolish

It was unfortunate that he'd left a roller skate on the floor.

opposite fortunate

She felt unhappy when she failed the exam.

opposite happy

She was very unkind to her little sister.

opposite kind

An unlikely story.

opposite likely

He unlocked his bicycle.

opposite lock

unluckiest

opposite lucky

youngest

opposite old

say rong

opposite right

say un-ty-dee

opposite tidy

say un-yoozd

opposite used

say yoose-ful

opposite useless

I will go out this afternoon.

opposite will not or won't

It was unwise to play catch in the house.

opposite wise

rhymes with good

opposite would not or

The children went wild at the amusement park.

rhymes with child

yawn yawns yawning yawned verb to open your mouth and breathe in deeply, usually because you are tired or bored.

rhymes with dawn

They could see the car winding its way up the hill.

rhymes with find

The wind blew his umbrella inside out.

rhymes with grinned

The Eiffel Tower.

rhymes with our

Flat ones are used for spreading cement.

rhymes with owl

He spoke in a low tone.

rhymes with own

They bought a whole quiche for the party.

say hole

He wrapped the present in colorful paper.

say rap

He crashed into the stone post, wrecking the car.

say rek

wrestle wrestles wrestling wrestled verb to struggle with someone and try to force him or her to the ground.

say res-ul

wriggle wriggles wriggling wriggled verb to twist and turn from side to side.

say rig-ul

wring wrings wringing wrung verb to twist something hard using both hands.

say ring

noun a thin yarn such as cotton or silk, that is used for sewing.

say thred

She drove through the tunnel.

say throo

They lived in a typical city street.

say tip-i-kul

Brain tissue.

say tish-yoo

Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy.

say traj-i-dee

A tragic accident.

say traj-ik

noun a narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink from.

say trof

Do you always tell the truth?

say trooth

If you smash that window, you'll be in trouble!

say trub-ul

It is a tradition to celebrate the New Year with a party.

say truh-dish-un

The new sports car passed its trials successfully.

say try-ul

Winning the race was a triumph.

say try-umf

Can you touch the floor with your hands, while keeping your legs straight?

say tuch

noun a flexible flap of muscle in your mouth that you use to eat, taste, and speak.

say tung

2 the color of the stone turquoise.

say tur-koiz

noun a sore patch on your skin or in your stomach.

say ul-ser

It's unhealthy to eat snacks all the time.

say un-hel-thee

He has an unconscious habit of scratching his chin.

say un-kon-shus

It's unnecessary to wear a coat in very hot weather.

say un-nes-i-sair-ee

Highways were unknown in the 19th century.

say un-noen

She unwrapped her present.

say un-rap

A very unusual guitar.

say un-yoo-zhoo-al

The dog stood upright on its hind legs.

say up-rite

Valuable help.

say val-yoo-uh-bul

2 one of the fine tubes in a leaf or in an insect's wings.

say vane

2 steam, mist, or smoke in the air.

say vay-pur

noun a jar used as an ornament for displaying flowers.

say vayz

Most ventriloquists use dolls and make it seem as if the doll is talking.

say ven-tril-uh-kwist

A vicious dog attacked him.

say vish-us

He's lost his voice.

say voys

In my view, more people ought to travel by train.

say vyoo

adjective walk walks walking walked verb to move along on foot.

say wawk

The package weighed half a pound.

say way

noun a thin, crisp cookie that is often eaten with ice cream.

say way-fur

He collects his weekly wages every Friday.

say wayj

The tree had a weird shape.

say weerd

The inventor sold his idea and became very wealthy.

say wel-thee

In the past, spears and swords were used as weapons.

say wep-un

a weather map

say weth-ur

The grains from wheat are used for making flour.

say wheet

The wise old lady gave me good advice.

say wize

In fairy tales, wands are used for casting magic spells.

say wond

noun a period of fighting between countries or groups of people.

say wore

A winter wardrobe.

say wore-drobe

The sign on the fence warned of radioactivity in the area.

say worn

A 100-watt lightbulb.

say wot

noun an adult human female.

say wum-an

won from the verb to win We won the match.

say wun

A wonderful idea.

say wun-dur-ful

Every snowflake is unique.

say yoo-neek

Dorling Kindersley apologizes for any unintentional omissions and would be pleased, in such cases, to add an acknowledgment in future editions.

All other images © Dorling Kindersley For further information see: www.

approximately Apr.

April A.

adjective in good health.

Are you well today? well adverb 1 in a good or suitable way.

Kremlin Museums, Moscow 54tl.

British Museum 17cfr, 35tfl, 99bfr, 112ca.

noun a wild plant that grows where it is not wanted.

Burdock is a common weed.

noun a chart that shows the times when events should happen, or when jobs should be done.

He checked the timetable to find out when the bus left.

adjective in a mess.

Her room was always untidy.

) in inch Inc.

Incorporated (Used in the names of most US companies.

British Museum/Museum of Mankind 221cafl.

John Bulmer 224tr.

adjective bad very bad.

Last week's weather was bad, but today, it is worse.

tonight adverb on the evening and night of the present day.

Let's go to the concert tonight.

There can be many different ways of spelling the same sound.

Letters sometimes make a different Spelling guide sound than usual.

noun a piece of soft, thick cloth or paper that is used for drying things.

tower

rhymes with noose

truck

trumpet

trumpets

trunk

trunks

noun a shirt made from knitted cotton with short sleeves and no collar.

tub

tube

tubes

tuft

tufts

noun a bunch of grass, threads, hair, or feathers that grows or is tied closely together.

tug tugs tugging tugged verb to give something a quick, hard pull.

My sister tugged at my sleeve.

tulip

say too-lip

tumble tumbles tumbling tumbled verb to fall and roll over.

She tumbled down the hill.

tuna

say too-nuh

tuna rainbow trout gardening trowel valve trunk tube of toothpaste A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 226 tune

He sang a song and I played the tune on the piano.

tunnel

turban

turbans

noun a head covering consisting of a long strip of cloth wrapped around the head, worn especially by Muslim and Sikh men.

turkey

turnip

turnips

turn

turns

noun a type of plant with a round root that is eaten as a vegetable.

turquoise noun 1 a green-blue stone that is often used in jewelry.

turtle

turtles

Some turtles lay their eggs on land.

tusk

twig

twigs

noun a small branch of a tree or shrub (see tree on page 223).

twin

The stars twinkled in the sky.

twirl twirls twirling twirled verb to spin in a quick, light way.

She twirled around to show them her new skirt.

twist twists twisting twisted verb to turn or wind something.

say tipe

type

She twisted her head around.

type types typing typed verb to write using the letter and number keys on a typewriter or other keyboard.

This book has small type.

typewriter

say ug-lee

ugliness

co.

uk 88fbl; Taxi/Kevin Cooley 47fcra; Alan Thornton 166fcrb; Travel Ink 166cl; UpperCut Images/John Churchman 129fbl; Slaven Vlasic 130fcrb; Gary Wade 201cla; Gordon Wiltsie 196clb, 206clb; Yashoda 43fcra.

noun ulcer

ulcers

umbrella

umbrellas

noun someone who makes sure that players follow the rules of a game or sport.

umpire verb unanimous

umpire

umpires

say yoo-nan-uh-mus

uncle

opposite conscious

under preposition below or beneath something, or to a lower place.

She is holding the ball under her arm.

undercover

An underground cave.

underground adverb underline underlines underlining underlined verb to draw a line under something, usually to stress it or to show that it is important.

The diver swam among the underwater plants and animals.

underwater adverb underwater uncover uncovers uncovering uncovered verb to remove the cover, unwrap, or reveal something.

say yoo-nite

underwear 19th-century army general's uniform undershirt underpants a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 229 universe Voyager space probe universe noun all of space, and everything that exists in it.

say un-doo

undress undresses undressing undressed verb to take clothes off.

opposite dress

uneasy

opposite even

unevenly adverb unexpected

opposite expected

unexpectedly adverb unfair

opposite healthy

unicorn

unicycle

unicycles

say yoo-ni-sy-kul

uniform

union

unions

unit

units

opposite load

unlock unlocks unlocking unlocked verb to open something by undoing a lock.

opposite necessary

unoccupied

opposite occupied

unorganized

opposite organized

unpleasant

opposite pleasant

unscrew unscrews unscrewing unscrewed verb to loosen by turning, or to undo screws.

She unscrewed the numbers from the door.

untidy

opposite tie

until preposition up to the time of.

We were awake until midnight.

untrue

opposite true

unused

opposite wrap

up preposition toward a higher position.

opposite down

upright adverb sitting or standing up straight rather than bent over.

The cat upset the vase of flowers.

upset

The crowd was in an uproar.

upset upsets upsetting upset verb 1 to make someone sad or anxious.

say urj

urge

A sudden urge to sneeze.

urgent

say ur-junt

urgently adverb urine noun liquid waste from the body.

say yoor-in

use uses using used verb to put something into action.

say yoos

useful

use

uses

say yoo-ten-sul

utensil A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Vv 232 vacant

usually adverb utensil

utensils

say vay-kunt

vaccination

say vak-suh-nay-shun

vacuum

say vak-yoom

vacuum cleaner

vacuum flask

vacuum flasks

We commonly call this a thermos.

vague

say vayg

vaguely adverb vain

They made a vain attempt to put out the fire.

vainly adverb valley

opposite worthless

value

noun a boxy road vehicle that is bigger than a stations wagon and smaller than a bus.

vandal

vandalize verb vanilla noun a sweet food flavoring made from the pods of a tropical orchid, also called vanilla.

vanilla pods vanish vanishes vanishing vanished verb to disappear suddenly.

noun van

vans

The magician waved his wand and the rabbit vanished.

vapor

variety

varieties

say vuh-ry-i-tee

various

say vair-ee-us

varnish

wood varnish varnish verb vase

vases

vacant a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 233 vegetable vegetable

vegetables

say vej-it-tear-ee-an

vehicle

say vee-i-kul

veil

vegetarian vein

veins

rhymes with pale

velvet noun a type of fabric covered in short, soft fibers.

verb

verbs

verse

verses

He wrote a book of verse.

version

I like this version of the story.

vertical

This book is very long.

vessel

say ves-ul

vest

veterinarian

veterinarians

say vy-brate

vibration

victim

victims

victory

victories

say vik-tor-ee

view

vein vena cava heart a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 235 village

villages

noun a community in the country that is smaller than a town.

vinegar noun a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve food.

say vin-i-gur

vintage

adjective old and of good quality (see car on page 39).

violent

say vye-rus

visible

I went to visit her in the hospital.

visit

opposite invisible

visit visits visiting visited verb to go to see a person or a place.

noun vitamin

vitamins

vocabulary

vocabularies

say vo-kab-yoo-lar-ee

voice

volcano

volcanoes

noun a person who offers to do something without being told or paid to do it.

volunteer verb vomit vomits vomiting vomited verb to throw up the contents of your stomach.

Can you turn up the volume on the television? volunteer

volunteers

He voted for the candidate by putting an "X" on the paper.

vote

noun a solemn promise.

vow verb

rhymes with how

vowel

noun vow

vows

rhymes with owl

vulture

wafer

wafers

waffle

waffles

say wof-ul

wage

wade waist wagon

wagons

waist

waists

Wait for me!

wait

noun the narrower part of your body between your chest and your hips.

wait waits waiting waited verb to stay in a place or delay doing something until a certain event happens.

noun waiter / waitress

waiters / waitresses

is female.

wake wakes waking woke woken verb to stop sleeping or to stop someone else from sleeping.

walker

walkers

noun a framework, usually waist-high, that a baby or handicapped person might use to help them walk.

wall

wallaby

wallabies

wallet

wallets

walrus

walruses

They have a thick layer of fat called blubber to keep them warm instead of fur.

wand

say won-der

want wants wanting wanted verb 1 to wish to have or do something.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 237 wardrobe

wardrobes

warehouse

warehouses

noun a large building used for storing goods.

warm

Do you want any help? war

wars

wash washes washing washed verb to clean yourself or something else with water and soap.

wash

noun wasp

wasps

He wasted the sunny day by staying in bed all day.

waste

say wosp

waste wastes wasting wasted verb 1 to use more of something than you really need or want.

watch

watches

noun a small instrument for telling the time, usually worn on the wrist (see time on page 216).

water noun a clear liquid that falls as rain and forms streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans.

say waw-tur

water waters watering watered verb to supply with water.

The water then falls as rain to fill the rivers and oceans.

waterfall

watermelon

watermelons

A waterproof coat.

watt

wave

waves

The branches waved in the strong wind.

wax

Wax is used to make many things, including furniture polish and candles.

wax A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 238 way

say wayt

way weather noun the condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time, such as the air temperature and whether or not it is raining.

opposite strong

weakness

comparisons wealthier

wealthiest

say ware

weary

The river weaves its way around the hills and down to the sea.

web

2 a collection of pages linked electronically via the internet.

wedding

weed

weeds

noun a period of seven days.

weekend

week

weeks

weep weeps weeping wept verb to show you are unhappy by crying.

weigh weighs weighing weighed verb 1 to measure how heavy something is.

weight

weights

I went to the zoo yesterday.

yesterday

noun yellow noun a color.

yesterday adverb on the day before today.

say yooth

yo-yo

The letter hasn't arrived yet.

yoga noun a system of exercises and deep breathing aimed at making a person healthy and relaxed in mind and body.

say yo-gah

yogurt

say yo-gurt

yoke

The yoke keeps the animals together.

yolk

say yoke

young

zebra

zebras

zero

zeros

noun nothing or none.

zigzag

zipper

zippers

say zoe-dee-ak

zone

A no-parking zone.

zoo

wouldn't

always used with another verb

say tite

comparisons tighter tightest

adjective very small.

comparisons tinier tiniest

say tuff

comparisons tougher toughest

It's thought to be unlucky to walk under ladders.

comparisons unluckier

Baby birds are very weak when they are born.

comparisons weaker weakest

say weer-ee

comparisons wearier weariest

Wet paint.

comparisons wetter wettest

A wide river.

comparisons wider widest

say yung

comparisons younger

The bird sat on the very top of the cactus.

opposite bottom

Uncomfortable shoes.

opposite comfortable

comparisons warmer warmest

opposite cool

noun a plant-eating marsupial from Australia that looks like a small kangaroo.

say wol-UH-bee

noun a small, soft case for carrying money.

say wol-it

I walked up the hill to the house at the top.

opposite down

The lights are on upstairs.

opposite downstairs

From the Latin anno Domini.

) AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (A disease that makes a person unable to fight illnesses.

) BS Bachelor of Science (A title given to someone who has a science degree from a college or university.

) C Celsius or Centigrade c.

for example (From the Latin exempli gratia.

) Email electronic mail ESP extrasensory perception (A sense that some people are said to have that makes them aware of ghosts and other things that most people are unable to see or feel.

) F Fahrenheit FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (An agency of the American Department of Justice.

) Feb.

) during the winter, and from which time all around the world is measured.

) GP general practitioner (The title given to an allpurpose medical doctor.

) HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (The virus that causes AIDS.

) HMO health maintenance organizaiton hp horse power HQ headquarters HST Hawaiian standard time hwy highway ICT Information and Communication Technology ID identification i.

) IVF in vitro fertilization (a medical technique where a woman's eggs are fertilized outside the womb.

) Jan.

) PO Post Office l liter lab laboratory lb pound (in weight) (From the Latin libra.

) LCD liquid crystal display LED light-emitting diode LP long-playing record Ltd.

(A title for a married or an unmarried woman.

) MS Master of Sciences (A title given to someone who has a science degree from a university higher than a BS.

Monday mpg miles per gallon mph miles per hour mp3 MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) 1 audio layer 3 (A type of digital computer file used to store music.

) Mr.

Mistress (A title that goes before a married woman's name.

) Ms.

number (From the Italian numero.

) Nov.

From the Latin requiescat in pace.

) ROM read-only memory (The part of the memory in a computer that stores permanent information that cannot be altered.

) PST Pacific standard time PTA Parent Teacher Association RAM random-access memory (The part of memory in a computer that you use to work on.

) Rd.

Mister (A title that goes before a man's name.

) Soc.

temporary 3-D three-dimensional (Having height, width, and depth.

) Thurs.

against (From the Latin versus.

) VDU visual display unit VIP very important person W west Wed.

zoom yolk A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 246 AC air-conditioning, or alternating current (An electrical current that travels first in one direction, then in another.

) ad advertisement AD in the year of our Lord (Used in dates to count the year after the birth of Jesus Christ, e.

From the Latin ante meridiem.

) anon anonymous approx.

Company (Used after the names of some companies.

) c/o care of cont'd continued CST central standard time d died DC District of Columbia or direct current (An electrical current that travels in only one direction.

) CD compact disc CIA Central Intelligence Agency (The US government department that deals with spies and state secrets.

) cm centimeter Co.

Limited (Used after the names of some British companies.

) m meter or mile MA Master of Arts (A title given to someone who has an arts degree from a university higher than a BA.

) memo memorandum (A message to remind someone about something.

) min minimum misc.

miscellaneous Miss Mistress (A title that goes before an unmarried woman's name.

) mm millimeter Mon.

Doctor of Philosophy (A title given to someone who has studied a subject to an advanced level at university.

) p.

g.

, 3 p.

g.

, 30 BC.

g.

, AD 400.

Nature Photographers Ltd.

/David Hutton 115bfr.

60br; Photographer's Choice RF/ George Diebold 12tr; Photographer's Choice RR/Fry Design Ltd.

146tr; Photographer's Choice RR/Geoff Du Feu 50fcr; Photonica/Sabine Scheckel 84tl; Photonica/Silvia Otte 62fclb; Andrea Pistolesi 212crb; Plush Studios 165bl; Poncho 167cra; Pool Photo 59ftl; Mike Powell 203crb; Rich Reid 206br; Robert Harding World Imagery/Christian Kober 169cla; Lew Robertson 150cra; Rubberball Productions 88bl; Rubberball Productions/Mike Kemp 111cla; Pete Ryan 163cr; David Sanger 242clb; Science Faction/Jim Reed 96fbl; Zack Seckler 203fcrb; Erik Simonsen 175br; Check Six 211ftl; John Slater 196cra; Luke Stettner 63bc; Stockbyte 12ftr; Stone/Jeff Hunter 117bl; Stone/Kevin Cooley 34tr; Stone/Oliver Benn/Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 142tl; Stone/Rex Butcher 157br; Stone/Roger Tully 64fcla; Stone/Walter Hodges 109fbr; Taxi/Francesco Bittichesu 154fclb; Taxi/Jasper White/ jasper@jasperwhite.

noun 1 a cupboard for clothing.

2 a collection of clothes.

She forced me to do it against my will.

2 a document containing instructions about what should happen to a person's possessions after his or her death.

noun 1 a section of a poem or song.

2 a general name for poetry.

The sign showed the way to the village.

2 a method.

The fox left tracks in the fresh snow.

2 a path or rough road.

noun 1 the measurement of how heavy something is.

2 a piece of metal with a known heaviness, used with weighing scales to determine how much something weighs.

The train crash was a terrible tragedy.

2 a play with a sad ending.

noun 1 a moving ridge on the surface of a liquid.

2 a vibration of sound or light that travels through the air and moves in a similar way to a wave in liquid.

noun 1 all the words in a language.

2 all the words that are known and used by a person.

She is on trial for theft.

2 an experiment or test to see what something is like or to see if it works.

There was a good view of the city from the window.

2 an opinion.

You look unhealthy.

2 bad for your health.

She was too uncomfortable to go to sleep.

2 causing an unpleasant feeling or slight pain.

The falling brick knocked him unconscious.

2 done without thinking.

opposite narrow

2 having a certain measurement from one side to the other.

noun 1 one of the hard, white, bonelike structures inside your mouth that you use for biting and chewing.

2 one of the pointed parts on an object such as a saw or a comb.

Identical twins.

2 one of two things that are exactly the same.

The store sold two types of boot.

2 printed letters.

adjective 1 covered or soaked with water.

2 rainy.

toast noun 1 bread that is grilled on both sides until it is crisp and brown.

2 the action of wishing someone well by raising your glass and drinking.

The fourth volume of an encyclopedia.

2 the amount of space inside something, or the amount of space that something fills.

noun 1 the main stem of a tree (see tree on page 223).

2 the main part of the body of a person or animal, not including the head, arms, and legs.

He behaved very well.

2 thoroughly.

She whisked the child out of the way of the bike.

2 to beat a mixture lightly and quickly.

Dogs whine.

2 to complain unnecessarily.

I worked hard when I painted the house.

2 to do a job or task.

Don't waste electricity!

2 to fail to use something.

She traced the picture of a tiger from a book.

2 to follow or discover something by observing marks or clues.

He weighed some beans.

2 to have a certain weight.

The accident upset him.

2 to knock something over.

I want a puppy for my birthday.

2 to need or require something.

She trains for three hours a day.

2 to teach or to learn a skill.

We tossed the ball around before the game.

2 to throw a coin and guess which side will face up in order to decide something.

She treats her pet hamster very well.

2 to try to make someone well.

He wound the clock.

2 to turn in a curving way.

tip tips tipping tipped verb 1 to move something so that it is not upright.

2 to turn something over so that the contents fall out.

Meadowsweet is a wild flower.

2 uncontrolled, violent, or crazy.

comparisons vainer vainest

2 unsuccessful.

This valuable Chinese ornament once belonged to an emperor.

2 useful or worthwhile.

opposite weak

2 very difficult.

They drove the truck up a bumpy track.

3 a course used for races.

2 a lid.

3 a spinning toy.

This pitcher's volume is one quart.

3 an amount.

Wet weather.

3 not yet dry.

3 the long nose of an elephant (see mammal on page 124).

4 a large box with a hinged lid, used for storing things.

They did four laps around the running track.

4 rails laid on the ground for trains to run on.

This road has a huge volume of traffic traveling along it.

4 the loudness of a sound.

adjectives Suffix Meaning Example Suffix Meaning Example #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -ery a type or place of work bakery -like similar to, like lifelike #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -ion a process, state, or result decoration Suffixes that make adverbs #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Prefixes Prefix Meaning Example Prefix Meaning Example anti- against antiseptic non- makes the opposite nonfiction dis- makes the opposite disagree post- after postwar ex- out of, or from export pre- before prehistoric ex- former exwife re- again replace in- makes the opposite independent sub- under submarine inter- between international super- above, or more than superhuman mis- makes the opposite misfortune trans- across transplant multi- many multicolored un- makes the opposite unpleasant A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 250 Facts and figures Length 10 millimeters = 1 centimeter 100 centimeters = 1 meter 1,000 meters = 1 kilometer Area 10,000 square centimeters = 1 square meter 1,000,000 square meters = 1 square kilometer Weight 1,000 grams = 1 kilogram 1,000 kilograms = 1 metric ton Volume 10 milliliters = 1 centiliter 10 centiliters = 1 deciliter 10 deciliters = 1 liter Length 12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 1,760 yards = 1 mile Area 144 square inches = 1 square foot 9 square feet = 1 square yard 4,840 square yards = 1 acre 640 acres = 1 square mile Weight 16 ounces = 1 pound 2,000 pounds = 1 short ton Volume 8 fluid ounces = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon Degrees Centigrade / Celsius Boiling point of water 100ºC Freezing point of water 0ºC Normal body temperature 37ºC Degrees Fahrenheit Boiling point of water 212ºF Freezing point of water 32ºF Normal body temperature 98.

6ºF To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit: multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32.

The archeologists uncovered a Roman mosaic.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 228 underwear noun the clothes that you wear next to your skin and under your other clothes.

noun 1 a long, hollow pipe.

A cardboard tube.

noun a series of contests or matches in a sport or game.

A chess tournament.

2 a fixed amount used as a standard by which other things are measured.

A foot is a unit of length.

noun 1 a single part of something.

A kitchen unit.

noun 1 a skillful action that is done to entertain someone.

A magic trick.

noun 1 a path or track.

A nature trail.

2 young people in general.

A place for the youth of the town to meet.

adjective welfare noun a person's health, happiness, and comfort.

A principal has to consider the welfare of the pupils.

noun a word that describes what a person or thing is doing.

A sentence usually needs a verb in order to make sense.

adjective fitting closely.

A tight fit.

noun a place with houses and other buildings, where people live, work, and shop.

A town is smaller than a city but larger than a village.

adjective 2 a musical instrument.

A triangle is played by hitting one of the metal sides with a small metal rod.

adjective not clear or not definite.

A vague idea.

noun a vehicle with four wheels used for transporting heavy loads.

A wagon can be pulled by a train or a horse.

noun a type of flying insect that can sting.

A wasp uses its sting to defend itself and to catch other insects for food.

noun a tool used for a particular job, especially one used in the kitchen.

A whisk is a kitchen utensil.

noun a marsupial that lives in Australia.

A wombat looks like a small bear and lives underground, eating leaves, roots, and bark.

S.

A.

Models Shiran Abay, Di Anguige, Sarah Ashun, Oliver Barber, Lindsey Bender, Marvin Campbell, Louis Chan, Puishan Chan, Danny Cole, Andy Crawford, Ebu Djemal, Helen Drew, Andrea East, Josey Edwards, David Gillingwater, Emily Gorton, Julia Gorton, Kashi Gorton, Steve Gorton, Sheena Haria, Laura Hobbs, Paul Holden, Marcus James, Stella Love, Naomi McLean, Rachael Malicki, Jamie May, Ryan Munroe, Emily Parsons, Jade Reading, Jonathon Reed, Tim Ridley, Matthew Saunders, Sarah Scrutton, Silpa Shah, Lee Simmons, Cheryl Telfer, Nicola Tuxworth, Aubrey Weiner, Martin Wilson, David York.

Additional acknowledgments Anatomical models on pages 20, 98, 114, 120, 122, 202 and 232 supplied by Somso Modelle, Coburg, Germany.

adjective not pleasing, or not nice.

An unpleasant smell.

adjective not in use or never used.

An unused notebook.

adjective needing immediate action or attention.

An urgent message.

Corbis Theo Allofs 66ftr; Andrea Rugg Photography/Beateworks 115cl; Atlantide Phototravel 25cl, 103tl, 169crb; Bilderbuch/Design Pics 169bl; B.

Bird/Zefa 211fcrb; Christophe Boisvieux 22ftl; Ron Chapple 171crb; Mike Chew 20cra; Philip Coblentz/Brand X 176clb; Chris Collins 242br; CS Productions/Brand X 200tr; Wolfgang Deuter/Zefa 153br; Dex Image 199fcr; ER Productions 174clb; Fancy/Veer 208fcrb; First/Zefa 45fcra; Bertrand Gardel/Hemis 130br; Uden Graham/Redlink 162fcrb; Mike Grandmaison 176cr; John Harper 46fbl; Ian Hodgson/Reuters 203fbr; Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc.

) Namibia Capital city: Windhoek People: Namibians Currency: Namibian Dollar Nauru Capital city: None People: Nauruans Currency: Australian Dollar (AU$) Nepal Capital city: Kathmandu People: Nepalese Currency: Nepalese Rupee Netherlands Capital city: Amsterdam Seat of government: The Hague People: Dutch Currency: Euro (€) New Zealand Capital city: Wellington People: New Zealanders Currency: New Zealand Dollar (NZ$) Nicaragua Capital city: Managua People: Nicaraguans Currency: New Córdoba Niger Capital city: Niamey People: Nigeriens Currency: CFA Franc* Nigeria Capital city: Abuja People: Nigerians Currency: Naira (N) North Korea Capital city: Pyongyang People: North Koreans Currency: North Korean Won Norway Capital city: Oslo People: Norwegians Currency: Norwegian Krone Oman Capital city: Muscat People: Omanis Currency: Omani Rial Pakistan Capital city: Islamabad People: Pakistanis Currency: Pakistani Rupee Maldives Capital city: Male People: Maldivians Currency: Rufiyaa Mali Capital city: Bamako People: Malians Currency: CFA Franc* Malta Capital city: Valletta People: Maltese Currency: Euro (€) Marshall Islands Capital city: Majuro People: Marshallese Currency: US Dollar ($) Mauritania Capital city: Nouakchott People: Mauritanians Currency: Ouguiya (UM) Mauritius Capital city: Port Louis People: Mauritians Currency: Mauritian Rupee (Mau Rs) Mexico Capital city: Mexico City People: Mexicans Currency: Mexican Peso Micronesia Capital city: Palikir (Pohnpei Island) People: Micronesians Currency: US Dollar ($) Moldova Capital city: Chisinau People: Moldovans Currency: Moldovan Leu Monaco Capital city: Monaco-Ville People: Monégasques or Monacans Currency: Euro (€) Mongolia Capital city: Ulan Bator People: Mongolians Currency: Tugrik Montenegro Capital city: Podgorica People: Montenegrins Currency: Euro (€) Morocco Capital city: Rabat People: Moroccans Currency: Moroccan Dirham (DH) a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 255 United Kingdom Capital city: London People: British Currency: Pound Sterling (£) United States of America Capital city: Washington, D.

C.

Vincentians Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Samoa Capital city: Apia People: Samoans Currency: Tala San Marino Capital city: San Marino People: Sammarinese Currency: Euro (€) São Tomé & Príncipe Capital city: São Tomé People: São Tomeans Currency: Dobra Saudi Arabia Capital city: Riyadh, Jiddah People: Saudi Arabians Currency: Saudi Riyal Senegal Capital city: Dakar People: Senegalese Currency: CFA Franc* Serbia Capital city: Belgrade People: Serbs Currency: Dinar Seychelles Capital city: Victoria People: Seychellois Currency: Seychelles Rupee Sierra Leone Capital city: Freetown People: Sierra Leoneans Currency: Leone (Le) Singapore Capital city: Singapore People: Singaporeans Currency: Singapore Dollar (S$) Slovakia Capital city: Bratislava People: Slovakians Currency: Slovak Koruna Slovenia Capital city: Ljubljana People: Slovenians Currency: Euro (€) Tajikistan Capital city: Dushanbe People: Tajiks Currency: Somoni Tanzania Capital city: Dodoma People: Tanzanians Currency: Tanzanian Shilling (T Sh) Thailand Capital city: Bangkok People: Thais Currency: Baht (B) Togo Capital city: Lomé People: Togolese Currency: CFA Franc* Tonga Capital city: Nuku'alofa People: Tongans Currency: Pa'anga (Tongan Dollar) Trinidad & Tobago Capital city: Port-of-Spain People: Trinidadians, Tobagonians Currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar Tunisia Capital city: Tunis People: Tunisians Currency: Tunisian Dinar Turkey Capital city: Ankara People: Turks Currency: New Turkish Lira Turkmenistan Capital city: Ashgabat People: Turkmens Currency: Manat Tuvalu Capital city: Fongafale (Funafuti Atoll) People: Tuvaluans Currency: Australian Dollar and Tuvaluan Dollar Uganda Capital city: Kampala People: Ugandans Currency: New Uganda Shilling Ukraine Capital city: Kiev People: Ukrainians Currency: Hryvna United Arab Emirates Capital city: Abu Dhabi People: Emiratis Currency: UAE Dirham * The CFA Franc is used in a number of French-speaking African countries.

CFA stands for "Communauté Financiere Africaine".

Paul Mississippi MS Jackson Missouri MO Jefferson City Montana MT Helena Nebraska NE Lincoln Nevada NV Carson City New Hampshire NH Concord New Jersey NJ Trenton New Mexico NM Santa Fe New York NY Albany North Carolina NC Raleigh North Dakota ND Bismark Ohio OH Columbus Oklahoma OK Oklahoma City Oregon OR Salem Pennsylvania PA Harrisburg Rhode Island RI Providence South Carolina SC Columbia South Dakota SD Pierre Tennessee TN Nashville Texas TX Austin Utah UT Salt Lake City Vermont VT Montpelier Virginia VA Richmond Washington WA Olympia West Virginia WV Charleston Wisconsin WI Madison Wyoming WY Cheyenne State Abbr.

Capital City State Abbr.

Capital City State Abbr.

Capital City a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 251 Cardinal numbers Ordinal numbers Roman numerals 1 one 1st first 1 I 2 two 2nd second 2 II 3 three 3rd third 3 III 4 four 4th fourth 4 IV 5 five 5th fifth 5 V 6 six 6th sixth 6 VI 7 seven 7th seventh 7 VII 8 eight 8th eighth 8 VIII 9 nine 9th ninth 9 IX 10 ten 10th tenth 10 X 11 eleven 11th eleventh 11 XI 12 twelve 12th twelfth 12 XII 13 thirteen 13th thirteenth 13 XIII 14 fourteen 14th fourteenth 14 XIV 15 fifteen 15th fifteenth 15 XV 16 sixteen 16th sixteenth 16 XVI 17 seventeen 17th seventeenth 17 XVII 18 eighteen 18th eighteenth 18 XVIII 19 nineteen 19th nineteenth 19 XIX 20 twenty 20th twentieth 20 XX 21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first 21 XXI 30 thirty 30th thirtieth 30 XXX 40 forty 40th fortieth 40 XL 50 fifty 50th fiftieth 50 L 60 sixty 60th sixtieth 60 LX 70 seventy 70th seventieth 70 LXX 80 eighty 80th eightieth 80 LXXX 90 ninety 90th ninetieth 90 XC 100 one hundred 100th one hundredth 100 C 500 five hundred 500th five hundredth 500 D 1,000 one thousand 1,000th one thousandth 1,000 M Symbols and punctuation marks + plus % percent & and ? question mark - minus º degree @ at !

Paton 104bfl; Eckart Pott 166br; Andy Purcell 8bfl, 142car; Hans Reinhard 6c, 7tl, 25bfr, 58cfl, 70tfl, 163cbl; Dr Frjeder Sauer 147bfr; Konrad Wothe 97tr.

Compix/A and J Somaya 56tr.

Getty Images 192cr; Altrendo Travel 235ftl; Image Bank/Tim Graham 160fcrb; Daryl Benson 215bl; Alistair Berg 181fclb; Philippe Bourseiller 232bl; C Squared Studios 219clb; Rosemary Calvert 218fcla; Gabriel M.

Covian 227crb; Andy Crawford 113cra; Creative Crop 162tr; CSA Plastock 171fcr; Dex Image/Luxe Party 125fbl; Digital Vision/Erik Von Weber 114cra; Digital Vision/Robert Glusic 116cra; Digital Vision/Steve Wisbauer 118cr; Digital Vision/VisionsofAmerica/Joe Sohm 45tl; Sergio Dionisio 34bl; Dorling Kindersley 105fclb; EschCollection 234fbr; David Evans 240crb; Don Farrall 218fcra; Stephen Ferry/Liaison 62tr; James Forte 198bl; Jill Fromer 200cla; fStop/Stephan Zirwes 116br; Yasuhide Fumoto 212clb; Gallo Images/Travel Ink 125fbr; Glowimages 20ftl; Gorilla Creative Images/Harri Tahvanainen 136clb; Gavin Gough 200ftr; Frank Greenaway 171tr; Iconica/2008 ML Harris Photography 41cla; Iconica/Caroline von Tuempling 95fcr; Image Bank/PM Images 49fbl; Image Bank/Sasha Weleber 101crb; Mathew Imaging/WireImage 21fbr; Seth Joel 195crb; Johner 222tl; Taylor S.

adjective 1 strong and not easy to break or damage.

Crash helmets are made of tough plastic.

underneath adverb understand understands understanding understood verb to know what something means.

Did you understand the question? understudy

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 256 Acknowledgments Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following people for their help in the production of this book: Additional design assistance Bronwen Davies, Susan Downing, Karen Fielding, David Gillingwater, Tim Lewis, Sharon Peters, Peter Radcliffe, Sarah Scrutton, Hans Verkroost, Martin Wilson Additional editorial assistance Monica Byles, Helen Drew, Stella Love Picture research Kathleen Collier, Catherine O'Rourke, Lucy Pringle, Jenny Rayner, Joanna Thomas Additional illustrations Janos Marffy, Liz Roberts Additional photography Simon Battensby, Paul Bricknell, Geoff Brightling, Jane Burton, Peter Chadwick, Matthew Chattle, Gordon Clayton, M.

Crockett, Geoff Dann, Tom Dobbie, Philip Dowell, Michael Dunning, Andreas von Einsiedel, Jo Foord, Philip Gatward, Mike Good, Christi Graham, Frank Greenaway, Peter Hayman, Stephen Hayward, Alan Hills, Jacqui Hurst, Colin Keates, Gary Kevin, Dave King, Bob Langrish, Cyril Laubscher, Bill Ling, Liz McAulay, Andrew McRobb, Diana Miller, Graham Miller, Ray Moller, David Murray, Jack Nicholls, Martin Norris, Ian O'Leary, Stephen Oliver, Daniel Pangbourne, Roger Phillips, Martin Plomer, Laurence Pordes, Susanna Price, Dave Rudkin, Karl Shone, Steve Shott, James Stevenson, Clive Streeter, Harry Taylor, Kim Taylor, David Ward, Matthew Ward.

noun a small hand tool similar to a shovel.

Curved trowels are used for gardening.

page Pac Pacific PC personal computer, or politically correct PE physical education Ph.

D.

Wilson/Zefa 237fcra; Jim Zuckerman 241cr.

DK Images Jerry Young 15ftr, 171br; NASA 68fcra, 172ftl; Philips Domestic Applicances and Personal Care 69tr; Rough Guides 192bl, 208fclb; The Science Museum, London 43br.

noun a musical instrument with wooden bars on a frame.

Each bar produces a different note when it is struck.

2 the clicking sound of a clock.

Each clock tick made me more nervous.

zip verb zodiac noun the 12 sections into which astrologers divide the sky.

Each part is represented by a sign.

Massey Ferguson 152bfr.

Ermine Street Guard 195cbl.

The universe includes Earth, the other planets, and all the stars.

European Communications Satellite 1 (ECS 1) Satellites Mir space station Soyuz TM spacecraft Spacecraft Hubble Space Telescope Space exploration Landsat Space Shuttle Neptune Saturn Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter The Solar System Uranus upper part of the Saturn V rocket solar panel dish antenna Mariner 10 solar panel star detector solar panel dish antenna television camera antenna main mirror casing small mirror casing flap door antenna solar panel magnetic sensor television camera dish antenna radio antenna power supply extendable boom solar panel docking module Apollo Lunar Module Apollo Command Module Apollo Service Module fin fuselage command antenna landing leg hatch foot pad engine nozzle engine nozzle heat shield antenna maneuvering engines rudder and speed brake flight deck windshield rings ring rings ringlets docking window main module unmanned cargo craft main engine nozzle wing heat-shield tiles antenna solar panel A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 230 university

Bruce Coleman Limited/Erwin and Peggy Bauer 226bfl; John Cancalosi 179tfl; Peter Davey 42cafr, 211tfr; P.

Evans 18cr; Christer Fredriksson 22car; Frans Lanting 70tl; Luiz Claudio Marigo 124tc; William S.

Back: Alamy Images: Trip tr; Corbis: Tim Davis/Davis Lynn Wildlife clb; Kulka/zefa tc.

Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders.

noun a container used for keeping liquids hot or cold.

Flasks have double walls with a vacuum between them.

noun one of a group of natural substances found in foods that we need to eat to keep healthy.

Foods containing vitamin C.

They are often used to change a word to its opposite.

For example, adding the prefix in- turns visible into invisible.

February flu influenza Fri.

Friday ft foot g gram GMT Greenwich Mean Time (The time used in the UK BC Before Christ (Used in dates to count the years before the birth of Jesus Christ, e.

) RSVP please reply (Used on invitations.

From the French répondez s'il vous plaît.

about (Used with historical dates that are not certain.

From the Latin circa.

m.

From the Latin post meridiem.

postscript (An extra note written at the end of something, such as a letter.

From the Latin post scriptem.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 253 Croatia Capital city: Zagreb People: Croatians Currency: Kuna Cuba Capital city: Havana People: Cubans Currency: Cuban Peso Cyprus Capital city: Nicosia People: Cypriots Currency: Euro (€) (Turkish Lira in Northen Cyprus) Czech Republic Capital city: Prague People: Czechs Currency: Czech Koruna Denmark Capital city: Copenhagen People: Danes Currency: Danish Krone Djibouti Capital city: Djibouti People: Djiboutians Currency: Djibouti Franc Dominica Capital city: Roseau People: Dominicans Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Dominican Republic Capital city: Santo Domingo People: Dominicans Currency: Dominican Republic Peso East Timor Capital city: Dili People: East Timorese Currency: US Dollar ($) Ecuador Capital city: Quito People: Ecuadoreans Currency: US Dollar ($) Egypt Capital city: Cairo People: Egyptians Currency: Egyptian Pound El Salvador Capital city: San Salvador People: Salvadorans Currency: Salvadorean Colón (¢), US dollar ($) Equatorial Guinea Capital city: Malabo People: Equatorial Guineans or Equatoguineans Currency: CFA Franc* Eritrea Capital city: Asmara People: Eritreans Currency: Nakfa Estonia Capital city: Tallinn People: Estonians Currency: Kroon Ethiopia Capital city: Addis Ababa People: Ethiopians Currency: Ethiopian Birr (Br) Fiji Capital city: Suva People: Fijians Currency: Fiji Dollar Finland Capital city: Helsinki People: Finns Currency: Euro (€) France Capital city: Paris People: French Currency: Euro (€) Gabon Capital city: Libreville People: Gabonese Currency: CFA Franc* Gambia Capital city: Banjul People: Gambians Currency: Dalasi (D) Georgia Capital city: Tbilisi People: Georgians Currency: Lari Germany Capital city: Berlin People: Germans Currency: Euro (€) Ghana Capital city: Accra People: Ghanaians Currency: Cedi Greece Capital city: Athens People: Greeks Currency: Euro (€) Ireland Capital city: Dublin People: Irish Currency: Euro (€) Israel Capital city: Jerusalem People: Israelis Currency: Shekel Italy Capital city: Rome People: Italians Currency: Euro (€) Ivory Coast Capital city: Yamoussoukro People: Ivorians Currency: CFA Franc* Jamaica Capital city: Kingston People: Jamaicans Currency: Jamaican Dollar Japan Capital city: Tokyo People: Japanese Currency: Yen (Y) Jordan Capital city: Amman People: Jordanians Currency: Jordanian Dinar Kazakhstan Capital city: Astana People: Kazakhstanis Currency: Tenge Kenya Capital city: Nairobi People: Kenyans Currency: Kenya Shilling Kiribati Capital city: Tarawa Atoll People: I-Kiribatis Currency: Australian Dollar (AU$) Kosovo (disputed) Capital city: Pristina People: Kosovars or Kosovacs Currency: Euro (€) Kuwait Capital city: Kuwait City People: Kuwaitis Currency: Kuwaiti Dinar Kyrgyzstan Capital city: Bishkek People: Kyrgyz Currency: Som Grenada Capital city: St.

George's People: Grenadians Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Guatemala Capital city: Guatemala City People: Guatemalans Currency: Quetzal (Q) Guinea Capital city: Conakry People: Guineans Currency: Guinea Franc Guinea-Bissau Capital city: Bissau People: Guinea-Bissauans Currency: CFA Franc* Guyana Capital city: Georgetown People: Guyanese Currency: Guyanese Dollar Haiti Capital city: Port-au-Prince People: Haitians Currency: Gourde (G) Honduras Capital city: Tegucigalpa People: Hondurans Currency: Lempira (L) Hungary Capital city: Budapest People: Hungarians Currency: Forint (Ft) Iceland Capital city: Reykjavik People: Icelanders Currency: Icelandic Krona India Capital city: New Delhi People: Indians Currency: Indian Rupee Indonesia Capital city: Jakarta People: Indonesians Currency: Rupiah (Rp) Iran Capital city: Tehran People: Iranians Currency: Iranian Rial Iraq Capital city: Baghdad People: Iraqis Currency: New Iraqi Dinar (ID) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 254 Laos Capital city: Vientiane People: Laotians or Laos Currency: New Kip (KN) Latvia Capital city: Riga People: Latvians Currency: Lats Lebanon Capital city: Beirut People: Lebanese Currency: Lebanese Pound (£L) Lesotho Capital city: Maseru People: Basotho (singular Mosotho) Currency: Loti (M) Liberia Capital city: Monrovia People: Liberians Currency: Liberian Dollar Libya Capital city: Tripoli People: Libyans Currency: Libyan Dinar Liechtenstein Capital city: Vaduz People: Liechtensteiners Currency: Swiss Franc Lithuania Capital city: Vilnius People: Lithuanians Currency: Litas Luxembourg Capital city: Luxembourg-Ville People: Luxembourgers Currency: Euro (€) Macedonia Capital city: Skopje People: Macedonians Currency: Macedonian Denar Madagascar Capital city: Antananarivo People: Malagasy Currency: Ariary Malawi Capital city: Lilongwe People: Malawians Currency: Malawi Kwacha Malaysia Capital city: Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya People: Malaysians Currency: Ringgit Palau Capital city: Melekeok People: Palauans Currency: US Dollar ($) Panama Capital city: Panama City People: Panamanians Currency: Balboa (B) Papua New Guinea Capital city: Port Moresby People: Papua New Guineans Currency: Kina (K) Paraguay Capital city: Asunción People: Paraguayans Currency: Guaraní (G) Peru Capital city: Lima People: Peruvians Currency: New Sol (NS) Philippines Capital city: Manila People: Filipinos Currency: Philippine Peso Poland Capital city: Warsaw People: Poles Currency: Zloty (Zl) Portugal Capital city: Lisbon People: Portuguese Currency: Euro (€) Qatar Capital city: Doha People: Qataris Currency: Qatar Riyal Romania Capital city: Bucharest People: Romanians Currency: New Romanian Leu (lei) Russian Federation Capital city: Moscow People: Russians Currency: Russian Rouble Rwanda Capital city: Kigali People: Rwandans Currency: Rwanda Franc Saint Kitts & Nevis Capital city: Basseterre People: Kittitians, Nevisians Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Mozambique Capital city: Maputo People: Mozambicans Currency: New Metical (Mt.

adjective upsetting enough to have a long-lasting effect on someone.

Giving evidence in the trial was very traumatic.

wear wears wearing wore worn verb to have on or covering your body.

He is wearing a South American cowboy outfit.

weave weaves weaving wove woven verb 1 to pass threads over and under one another to make cloth.

He is weaving a mat out of wool.

2 a track, scent, or other sign left by something that has passed by.

He left a trail of garbage behind him.

tidy tidies tidying tidied verb to put in order.

He tidied up his room.

tragically adverb trail trails trailing trailed verb 1 to drag something along behind or let something hang loosely.

He trailed his toy train behind him.

try tries trying tried verb 1 to make an effort to do something.

He tried to climb up the tree.

2 to change direction.

He turned to see what was happening behind him.

unload unloads unloading unloaded verb to take things out of a vehicle or container.

He unloaded the groceries from the shopping cart.

urge urges urging urged verb to try to persuade someone to do something.

He urged them to be careful when playing by the river.

adjective needing something to drink.

He was very thirsty after a day without water.

without preposition not having or not using.

He went outside without his shoes.

sperm whale west east south north A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 240 whirl whirls whirling whirled verb to turn yourself or an object around quickly.

He whirled the lasso around his head.

wipe wipes wiping wiped verb to clean or dry something by rubbing.

He wiped the mirror's surface with a cloth.

3 to become.

His fingers turned blue with the cold.

earthworm worry worries worrying worried verb to feel anxious.

I am worried about my exams.

adjective of several different kinds.

I bought various things at the mall.

4 an occasion or event.

I go swimming three times a week.

2 to cover up in a snug way.

I like being tucked in bed.

trust trusts trusting trusted verb to believe that someone or something is honest and reliable.

I trusted my friend not to give away the secret.

wish wishes wishing wished verb to feel or say that you want something.

I wish I owned a car.

would verb 1 a word used to talk about an action that depends on something else.

I would go to the park, but I have to wait here.

2 to create something, such as a letter, by using words.

I wrote to my sister last week.

ripe beef tomato tomorrow adverb on the day after today.

I'm going away tomorrow.

When a country has two capital cities, they are both listed.

If there is a common abbreviation or symbol for the currency, such as $ for dollar, this is shown in parentheses after the name of the currency.

What time is it? 3 a period in the past, present, or future.

In Roman times, many roads were built throughout Europe.

youth noun 1 the state of being young.

In my youth, I had dark hair but now it is white.

) Inst.

Institute IOU I owe you IQ intelligence quotient (A test score that claims to measure a person's intelligence.

noun 1 change or difference.

It is important to have variety in your work, or you will be bored.

2 bad.

It's wrong to steal.

noun a chance or duty that comes to each of a number of people in order.

It's your turn to do the dishes.

The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths/Andrew Grima 112bfl.

Jacket images: Front: Corbis: Corbis: Matthias Kulka/Zefa cb; © 2008 The LEGO Group: MINDSTORMS is a trademark of the LEGO Group clb; Science Photo Library: Mehau Kulyk cr.

Philip Dowell © 1990 and 1991 page 90 goat and kid; page 111 jaguar; page 118 leopard; page 183 sheep.

Jerry Young © 1990 and 1991 page 168 rattlesnake, flying gecko, milkshake, today lizard, starred tortoise, and leopard gecko; page 217 green toad; page 242 wolf.

People: Americans Currency: US Dollar ($) Uruguay Capital city: Montevideo People: Uruguayans Currency: Uruguayan Peso Uzbekistan Capital city: Tashkent People: Uzbekistanis Currency: Som Vanuatu Capital city: Port Vila People: Ni-Vanuatu Currency: Vatu Vatican City Capital city: Vatican City People: Citizens of the Vatican Currency: Euro (€) Venezuela Capital city: Caracas People: Venezuelans Currency: Bolívar (Bs) Vietnam Capital city: Hanoi People: Vietnamese Currency: Dông (D) Yemen Capital city: Sana People: Yemenis Currency: Yemeni Rial Zambia Capital city: Lusaka People: Zambians Currency: Zambian Kwacha (K) Zimbabwe Capital city: Harare People: Zimbabweans Currency: Zimbabwe Dollar (Z$) Solomon Island Capital city: Honiara People: Solomon Islanders Currency: Solomon Islands Dollar Somalia Capital city: Mogadishu People: Somalis Currency: Somali Shilin South Africa Capital city: Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein People: South Africans Currency: Rand (R) South Korea Capital city: Seoul People: South Koreans Currency: South Korean Won Spain Capital city: Madrid People: Spaniards Currency: Euro (€) Sri Lanka Capital city: Colombo People: Sri Lankans Currency: Sri Lanka Rupee (SL Rs) Sudan Capital city: Khartoum People: Sudanese Currency: New Sudanese Pound or Dinar Suriname Capital city: Paramaribo People: Surinamers Currency: Surinamese Dollar Swaziland Capital city: Mbabane People: Swazis Currency: Lilangeni (E) Sweden Capital city: Stockholm People: Swedes Currency: Swedish Krona Switzerland Capital city: Bern People: Swiss Currency: Swiss Franc Syria Capital city: Damascus People: Syrians Currency: Syrian Pound Saint Lucia Capital city: Castries People: St.

Lucians Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Capital city: Kingstown People: St.

) Mar.

March max maximum MD Doctor of Medicine (From the Latin Medicinae Doctor.

National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 112tl.

Natural History Photographic Agency/Peter Johnson 100cl; David Woodfall 17bfr; Norbert Wu 111tfr.

noun a small, brass musical instrument made of a long, curved, narrow tube with an end like a funnel.

Notes are produced by pressing valves down and blowing through a mouthpiece.

186cra; Sean Justice 63bl; Jutta Klee 57fbr; Kulka/zefa 192crb; Frans Lanting 163fbl; Klaus Leidorf/Zefa 15fbl; Robert Llewellyn 141cla; John Lund 222bl; Mango Productions 120fcrb; Lawrence Manning 232fbl; Robert Marien 226fcla; Kevin Mason/Loop Images 91ftr; MM Productions 150cr; Moodboard 132fclb, 169fcla, 185cla, 212fcl; David Muench 91tr; Ron Nickel/Design Pics 24tl; Richard T.

Nowitz 220fclb; Owaki - Kulla 130tr; Carl Purcell 171fcla; Radius Images 227fbl; Jose Fuste Raga 162br; Eddy Risch/EPA 73ftl; Bill Ross/Corbis Outline 139tr; Charles E.

November NW northwest Oct.

October OK all correct oz ounce p.

trot trots trotting trotted verb to move the way a horse does when it is walking fast.

One of the horse's front hooves and the opposite back hoof are on the ground at the same time.

For example, ad is short for advertisement, and max is short for maximum.

Other abbreviations, such as CD for compact disc, are made from the first letters of the words that they stand for.

noun a bowl with a seat that is connected to a drain and flushed with water.

People use toilets to dispose of waste from the body.

road ref referee Rev.

Reverend RIP rest in peace (Often written on a grave.

Greenwich Maritime Museum 31tr, 31tl, 31cr, 31car, 109cl.

Robert Harding Picture Library/G and P Corrigan 131tl.

Rough Guides 192 bl.

Rough Guides/ Alex Robinson 208 bfl.

noun 1 two or more people, places, or things that are joined together to become one.

Russia was once a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

professor P.

S.

senior SS Steamship St.

Saint or street Sun.

Saturday sci-fi science fiction SE southeast Sept.

September A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 248 Sound As in Other ways to spell this sound a (say air) hair care, wear, there, their, prayer a (say ay) cake rain, straight, break, veil, bouquet, obey, hay a rat laugh ch chin catch, question d did butter e ten any, said, friend, bury, head, leopard e (say ee) me meet, seat, key, quay, machine, field, city f fall laugh, telephone g get ghost, guess h help whole i fit damage, pretty, women, busy, build, myth i I eye, sigh, buy, fly, dye

adjective feeling that you would like to sleep or rest.

She felt tired after working in the garden all day.

adjective not feeling comfortable or happy.

She felt uneasy about leaving the door unlocked.

adjective very tired.

She felt weary after her long walk.

2 friendly and kind.

She gave us a warm welcome.

3 determination.

She had the will to win.

adjective empty or not used.

She parked in the vacant space.

noun an injury to the body where the skin is torn or cut in some way.

She put a dressing on the wound.

What is the right way to use a video camera? 3 a manner of behaving.

She stared at him in a very rude way.

tie ties tying tied verb 1 to fasten something with a knot or bow.

She tied a ribbon in her hair.

2 to test something to see if it works, or to put something on to see if it fits.

She tried on the gloves.

untie unties untying untied verb to undo something that is knotted, such as rope or thread.

She untied the rope and rowed away.

Are you willing to help in the garden? win wins winning won verb to come first in a game or competition.

She was very pleased when she won the game.

wave waves waving waved verb 1 to signal to someone by moving your hand or an object from side to side.

She waved good-bye as the ship sailed away.

whisper whispers whispering whispered verb to speak in a very quiet voice.

She whispered her secret into his ear.

noun an agreement made between countries.

Signing a peace treaty.

) Abbreviations An abbreviation is a short form of a word or phrase.

Some abbreviations are made by just shortening a word.

noun one of a group of musical instruments that is played by blowing.

Some, such as the clarinet, are made from wood while others, such as the flute, are made from metal.

up adverb to or in a higher position.

Stand up!

2 the state of being used.

Steam trains are still in use in some areas.

These charts show some common prefixes and suffixes.

Suffixes

Kennedy 206fcra; Pornchai Kittiwongsakul/AFP 14br; Darryl Leniuk 165fcra; Lonely Planet Images/Lee Foster 23br; Lonely Planet Images/Peter Hendrie 110fcra; David Madison 174cla; Simon McComb 237crb; Ethan Miller 38fcra; Mr.

Sunshine 202clb; National Geographic/David Evans 59fclb; National Geographic/Paul Nicklen 107fcr; Mark Nolan 42ftl; Thomas Northcut 224tr; Per-Anders Pettersson 113fcr; PhotoAlto/Matthieu Spohn 127bl; Photodisc 88bc, 111bl, 193fcrb; Photodisc/Don Farrall 154ftr; Photodisc/Jack Hollingsworth 50cla; Photodisc/Jeff Maloney 114fbl; Photodisc/Kim Carson 25fcrb; Photodisc/Paul Burns 103fcla; Photographer's Choice/Michael Rosenfeld 37clb; Photographer's Choice/Simeone Huber/Slow Images 40ftl; Photographer's Choice/ Tom Walker 144bl; Photographer's Choice/Travelpix Ltd.

T-shirt

T-shirts

Chest page 43, chest of drawers page 65, and fan page 75 loaned by Gore Booker, Covent Garden, London; drum page 67 loaned by Foote's Musical Instruments, London; leotard page 118 loaned by Porselli, Covent Garden, London; cup page 55 loaned by Whittard, Covent Garden, London; chess set page 43 loaned by the British Museum Shop, London.

Thanks to Clark Denmark at the Centre for Deaf Studies, Bristol University for advice.

adjective not right or honest.

That's unfair!

Beaulieu Motor Museum 39cl, 222tr.

The Bridgeman Art Library/Bonhams, London 112cb.

Christies's Images 9cbl, 131cbr.

The Coleman Company 38tfr.

Michael Holford 112cal.

The Image Bank/Charles S.

Oxford Scientific Films 76bfr, 99cafr, 131cfl.

The Pitt Rivers Museum 183cbfr.

wobble sheep's wool wool yarn a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 243 worship worships worshiping worshiped verb to respect and love, usually in a religious way.

The ancient Egyptians worshiped many gods.

noun an agreement to stop fighting for a short time.

The armies called a truce.

underneath preposition below something, or in a lower place.

The children played underneath the table.

2 to walk or move slowly behind someone.

The children trailed along behind their mother.

2 a long, narrow container made of plastic or thin metal.

The contents are removed by squeezing.

3 to decide in a trial, within a court of law, whether someone is innocent or guilty of a crime.

The court tried him for theft.

noun topple topples toppling toppled verb to fall over.

The dominoes toppled over.

vibrate vibrates vibrating vibrated verb to make tiny, rapid, shaking movements.

The drill vibrated noisily.

noun a large, juicy type of melon with green skin.

The flesh is red and contains black seeds.

zoom zooms zooming zoomed verb to move very fast.

The four motorcycles zoomed past me.

adjective in the early part of life.

The grandmother held the young child in her arms.

toward preposition in the direction of.

The horse trotted across the field toward her.

adjective 1 having a temperature that is between cool and hot.

The hot water bottle felt nice and warm.

adjective vacant, or not being used.

The house had been unoccupied for months.

adjective tilt tilts tilting tilted verb to move or be moved into a sloping or leaning position.

The huge pile of books tilted dangerously.

adjective agreed by everyone.

The leader was elected by a unanimous vote.

adjective able to be seen.

The mountain was visible for miles.

adjective not smooth or level.

The road had a very uneven surface.

adjective done in secret to obtain information.

The police were working on an undercover investigation.

Thanks also to the BCP contributors: Gemma Casajuana (Conversion manager), Miguel Cunha (Conversion coordinator), Colleen Dixon (Conversion DTP), Marc Staples (Conversion DTP) Picture agency credits KEY: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top.

The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs: Action Plus/Tony Henshaw 198cr.

noun success in a contest or battle.

The race-car driver was thrilled with his victory.

They may even be completely silent, like the k in kneel, or the g in gnat.

The spelling guide below will help you to figure out the correct spelling for some tricky words.

2 a selection of different things.

The store had a variety of mugs for sale.

adjective false or not based on facts.

The story about the two-tailed dog was untrue.

noun the regular change in the level of the sea that happens twice a day.

The tide is out.

noun the entire amount of everything added together.

The total of 2, 3, and 4 is 9.

unite unites uniting united verb to join together or to do something together.

The towns united in their fight against the factory's pollution.

noun a person who has been harmed or killed by something or someone.

The victim of an accident.

adjective using strong and damaging force.

The violent storm threw cars across the street.

turn turns turning turned verb 1 to go around.

The watch hands turn clockwise.

adjective 1 not correct.

The wrong answer.

Vultures have a good sense of smell and good eyesight.

Their feet are adapted for walking rather than holding onto branches.

wither withers withering withered verb to dry up.

Their plant withered while they were away on vacation.

Walls are used to enclose a space or to form the outside structure and inside divisions of a building.

There was a high wall around the garden.

Tuna feed on squid and other fish.

They are fast swimmers and migrate long distances every year.

Suffixes, such as -ful, -ism, or -ment, are joined to the end of a word.

They are often used to change a word from one part of speech to another.

Tortoises live in hot regions.

They eat grass and other plants and can live a long time (see reptile on page 168).

Most trout live in fresh water, but some species migrate to the sea after laying their eggs.

They feed on insects, small fish, and shrimp.

wonder noun a feeling caused by an extraordinary or amazing thing.

They looked in wonder at the bright lights in the sky.

2 to score the same number of points as someone else in a contest.

They tied for first place.

trudge trudges trudging trudged verb to walk in a tired way.

They trudged home through the snow.

noun a special thing that gives someone pleasure.

They were taken to the fair as a birthday treat.

adjective able to be used for all kinds of tasks, or good for a certain task.

This gadget is useful for unscrewing lids.

adjective bad extremely bad.

This is the worst storm I've ever seen.

noun 1 the value of something for a certain purpose.

This penknife has many uses.

adjective able to be seen through.

This pitcher is transparent.

noun 3 to operate efficiently.

This washing machine is not working properly.

noun a person who sees an event happen.

Three witnesses saw him stealing the car.

Science Photo Library 224cal/John Burbridge 80cbfr; CNRI 83cbfr; Peter Menzel 162cbr; Astrid and Hanns-Frieder Michler 245br; Claude Nuridsany and Marie Perennou 192cbr; Jim Selby 232cfl; US Department of Energy 231tr.

Tony Stone Images 120cbfl, 244bfl/Tim Beddow 226cfl; Dave Bjorn 207tr.

adjective complete.

Total darkness.

noun a colorful bird with a large beak that lives in the rain forests of South America.

Toucans nest in holes in trees and feed on fruit, insects, small lizards, and eggs.

noun a tall plant with branches, leaves, and a main stem called a trunk.

Trees are either deciduous or evergreen.

adjective from the hot, wet area of the world near the equator.

Tropical fruit.

tuck tucks tucking tucked verb 1 to fold or push into place.

Tuck your shirt into your pants.

Thursday Tues.

Tuesday TV television UFO unidentified flying object UK United Kingdom UN United Nations Unesco United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Unicef United Nations Children's Fund US or USA United States of America UV ultraviolet v.

Turkeys feed on acorns, seeds, berries, and insects.

Turkeys are reared on farms for their meat in many parts of the world.

noun a reptile that is part of the same family as the tortoise.

Turtles live in water and feed on plants and small animals.

noun a covered frame, held up by a stick that is used to protect a person from the rain, or as a shade from the sun.

Umbrella frames are covered with cloth or plastic and can be folded up when not in use.

John's People: Antiguans Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar Argentina Capital city: Buenos Aires People: Argentinians Currency: New Argentine Peso Armenia Capital city: Yerevan People: Armenians Currency: Dram Australia Capital city: Canberra People: Australians Currency: Australian Dollar (AU$) Cameroon Capital city: Yaoundé People: Cameroonians Currency: CFA Franc* Canada Capital city: Ottawa People: Canadians Currency: Canadian Dollar (C$) Cape Verde Capital city: Praia People: Cape Verdeans Currency: Cape Verde Escudo Central African Republic Capital city: Bangui People: Central Africans Currency: CFA Franc* Chad Capital city: N'Djamena People: Chadians Currency: CFA Franc* Chile Capital city: Santiago People: Chileans Currency: Chilean Peso China Capital city: Beijing People: Chinese Currency: Renminbi (known as Yuan) Colombia Capital city: Bogotá People: Colombians Currency: Colombian Peso Comoros Capital city: Moroni People: Comorans Currency: Comoros Franc Congo Capital city: Brazzaville People: Congolese Currency: CFA Franc* Congo, Democratic Republic Capital city: Kinshasa People: Congolese Currency: Congolese Franc Costa Rica Capital city: San José People: Costa Ricans Currency: Costa Rican Colón (¢) Benin Capital city: Porto-Novo People: Beninese Currency: CFA Franc* Bhutan Capital city: Thimphu People: Bhutanese Currency: Ngultrum (Nu) Bolivia Capital city: La Paz, Sucre People: Bolivians Currency: Boliviano (B) Bosnia & Herzegovina Capital city: Sarajevo People: Bosnians Currency: Marka Botswana Capital city: Gaborone People: Batswana (singular Motswana) Currency: Pula (P) Brazil Capital city: Brasília People: Brazilians Currency: Real Brunei Capital city: Bandar Seri Begawan People: Bruneians Currency: Brunei Dollar Bulgaria Capital city: Sofia People: Bulgarians Currency: Lev Burkina Faso Capital city: Ouagadougou People: Burkinabé Currency: CFA Franc* Myanmar (Burma) Capital city: Nay Pyi Taw People: Burmese Currency: Kyat (K) Burundi Capital city: Bujumbura People: Burundians Currency: Burundi Franc Cambodia Capital city: Phnom Penh People: Cambodians Currency: Riel Austria Capital city: Vienna People: Austrians Currency: Euro (€) Azerbaijan Capital city: Baku People: Azerbaijanis Currency: New Manat Bahamas Capital city: Nassau People: Bahamians Currency: Bahamian Dollar Bahrain Capital city: Manama People: Bahrainis Currency: Bahraini Dinar Bangladesh Capital city: Dhaka People: Bangladeshis Currency: Taka (Tk) Barbados Capital city: Bridgetown People: Barbadians Currency: Barbados Dollar Belarus Capital city: Minsk People: Belarusians Currency: Belarussian Rouble Belgium Capital city: Brussels People: Belgians Currency: Euro (€) Belize Capital city: Belmopan People: Belizeans Currency: Belizean Dollar Countries of the world On the next four pages is a list of the world's countries, arranged in alphabetical order.

Under each country's name are its capital city, the name of the people who live there, and its currency.

undo undoes undoing undid undone verb to unfasten or untie.

Undoing a knot in a rope.

noun a machine for riding on, with pedals, a saddle, and one wheel.

Unicycles are sometimes used for performing acrobatic tricks.

university unpack unpacks unpacking unpacked verb to take things out of a container.

Unpacking a suitcase.

adjective 1 too proud of what you can do, what you look like, or what you own.

Vain people look in the mirror all the time.

noun a plant, or part of a plant, that is grown for food.

Vegetables contain vitamins and minerals that keep us healthy.

noun a person who is trained to treat sick animals.

Veterinarian can be shortened to vet.

noun a mountain that is created by lava from inside the Earth.

Volcanoes sometimes erupt, sending lava and ash down onto the surrounding country.

noun a crisp, thick pancake with squares pressed into it.

Waffles are made from eggs and flour.

Rotkin 165fbr; Galen Rowell 119fcrb; Kevin Schafer 235tr; Ted Spiegel 77fbl; Thinkstock 190ftl, 196crb; Stefano Torrione/Hemis 139fclb; Visuals Unlimited 228fcrb; R.

Wallace/Stock Photos/zefa 71ftr; Weatherstock 215tl; P.

noun a very large sea mammal that lives on the ice in the Arctic and hunts for its food in the icy waters.

Walruses have very tough skin and whiskers.

Thistle Quilters/The Quilter's Guild 161cafr.

Warwick Castle 95br.

noun watch watches watching watched verb to look at and pay attention to someone or something for a time.

Watching birds.

Will you water my plants while I'm away? water cycle noun the process by which water travels around the Earth and its atmosphere.

Water from rivers and oceans evaporates into the air, where it gathers to form clouds.

noun travel travels traveling traveled verb to go from one place to another.

We traveled around the lakes and mountains on vacation.

Egyptian vulture vulture parsley pepper A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ww 236 wade wades wading waded verb to walk through water.

We waded across the stream.

noun a journey that takes you to see several places.

We went on a sightseeing tour of the city.

adjective having changed shape or color due to the effects of the Sun, wind, or rain.

Weathered rock.

noun a very large sea mammal with a breathing hole in the top of its head.

Whales eat fish or tiny water animals (see mammal on page 124).

adjective which thing or which kind.

What is your favorite color?

3 a particular type.

What variety of fruit is that?

2 any kind of hollow container, usually for food.

When it rained, they filled the vessels with water.

When did you arrive? where adverb at, in, or to what place.

Where are you going? which

adjective what particular thing or things out of a selection.

Which car is yours? whine whines whining whined verb 1 to make a long, high cry.

Train cars are pulled along by an engine in front.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 221 transportation transportation noun a way of carrying goods or people from one place to another.

opposite pack

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 231 unwrap unwraps unwrapping unwrapped verb to take the wrapping or covering off something.

On this double page you will find a useful alphabetical list of common abbreviations.

a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 247 Mrs.

adjective standing straight up, at right angles to the horizon.

a vertical line very adverb extremely, or by a great amount.

P.

as soon as possible AST Alaska standard time Atl Atlantic Aug.

August Ave.

avenue b born BA Bachelor of Arts (A title given to someone who has a liberal arts degree.

I woke up early this morning.

awake

The violin body is held below the chin and played with a bow.

bow violin virus

noun a piece of paper, plastic, or foil that is used to cover something you buy.

candies in their wrappers

December dept.

department DIY do-it-yourself (Used to describe repairs and decorating that people do to their own homes.

) DJ disc jockey Dr.

doctor DVD digital versatile/video disc dz dozen E east EAL English as an additional language.

say zy-luh-fone

dried yeast fresh yeast a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z Zz 245 yet adverb up to the present time.

noun worse

from the

worst

from the

widow is female and widower

is male.

say toe

jack-in-the-box A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 220 tractor

) MST mountain standard time Mt.

mount or mountain N north NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NE northeast no.

ticks

noun 1 a small animal that feed on the blood of animals.

trust

noun

volumes

noun 1 a book, usually one of a series.

vessels

noun 1 a craft that is used for water transportation; usually anything larger than a boat.

ways

noun 1 a direction or route.

webs

noun 1 a fine net of sticky threads made by a spider to trap flies.

types

noun 1 a group of people or things that are alike in some way.

tins

noun 1 a light, soft, silvery metal.

tracks

noun 1 a mark or marks left by someone or something that is moving.

) r.

p.

Different methods of transportation are used to travel on land, on water, or in the air.

saddle gondola pump fender reflector lifeboat handlebar chain paddle wheel stabilizer engine housing tail fin tail rotor boom horn exhaust pipe float hull fuselage engine cockpit propeller landing wheel deck funnel air deflector rudder hull engine stirrup rudder envelope elevator flap nose cone double-decker car pommel bridle saddle disc brake track saddle pedal frame saddle pedal landing skid instrument panel fairing cab tank windshield hood seat cab rotor blade mountain bike airship sea plane dairy tanker passenger train helicopter motorcycle camel horse paddle steamer rickshaw A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 222 transport transports transporting transported verb to carry people or things from one place to another.

tournament

tournaments

The bird was very timid and flew away when I moved.

timidly adverb tin

tongue

tongues

took from the verb to take He took the can out of the cupboard.

tool

toothbrush

toothbrushes

noun a small brush with a long handle that you use for cleaning your teeth.

top

4 a piece of clothing worn on the upper part of your body.

topic

The fire was the main topic of conversation for weeks.

torch

Olympic torch tore from the verb to tear She tore her sleeve on a nail.

tornado

say tor-nay-doh

tortoise

We tossed a coin to see who should have the first turn.

toss

say tort-us

toss tosses tossing tossed verb 1 to throw with a quick, easy motion.

say tote-l

total

pajama top toolbox saw screwdriver hammer comb tooth tongue tooth top a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 219 total

totals

toucan

toucans

say too-kan

touch touches touching touched verb to put your hand or another part of your body on something.

say toor

tourist

He transferred his money to a savings account.

translate translates translating translated verb to turn words in one language into words of another language.

She translated the French poem into English.

transparent

say trans-pair-unt

transplant

The goods were transported by train.

transportation

noun trap traps trapping trapped verb to catch an animal or person and hold them in some way so that they cannot get away.

trap

noun trapdoor

trapdoors

noun a small door cut into a floor, on a stage, or in the ceiling.

trapeze

say traw-ma-tik

trauma

trash noun garbage, or something that is worthless or useless.

traumatic

tray

trays

noun a flat board, often with a rim, that is used for carrying food and drinks.

treacherous

say trech-ur-us

tread

say tred

tread treads treading trod trodden verb to put your foot on something.

The elephant trod on his foot.

treason noun the act of being a traitor to your country by trying to destroy the government or the ruler, or by helping the enemy during a war.

say tree-zun

treasure

say trezh-ur

treasurer

say treet

treat treats treating treated verb 1 to behave in a certain way toward people, animals, or things.

noun treaty

treaties

She treated the cut on his head.

treatment

treat

treats

transport tread a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 223 tree tree

trees

trousers noun pants; a piece of clothing that you wear on your legs.

tremble child's tricycle tenor trombone tennis trophy a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 225 trout

spruce horse chestnut sycamore maple holly beech silver birch apple maple rowan umbrella pine eucalyptus ginkgo Trunk cross-section horse chestnut Seeds and fruit Leaves quince European larch oak Flowers palm branch leading leaf and flower bud twig scale midrib veins leaf tip leaf stalk (petiole) needle jagged teeth leaf blade leaflet young leaf blossom trunk scales mature cones seed bark heartwood leaf canopy wing seed male flower female flower (young cone) case nut fruit husk fruit berry leaf shoot male flower (catkin) female flower lateral leaf bud growth rings sapwood leaf scar A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 224 tremble trembles trembling trembled verb to shake with fear or cold.

trial

triangle

triangles

noun 1 a shape with three sides (see shape on page 182).

triangular

2 something done to fool someone.

trick verb trickle trickles trickling trickled verb to flow very slowly.

trick

tricks

The raindrops trickled down the window.

tricycle

say try-sik-ul

trim trims trimming trimmed verb to cut the edges or ends off something, such as hair, in order to make it neat.

I tripped over the book that she'd left on the floor.

trip

The hairdresser trimmed his hair.

trip trips tripping tripped verb to stumble and fall.

We went on a school trip to the museum.

tripod

say try-pod

triumph

trolley car

trolley cars

noun a vehicle that runs on tracks in streets and is powered by an electric current from an overhead wire.

trombone

The notes are produced by sliding a long, bent tube backward and forward.

trophy

say tro-fee

tropical

trough

troughs

trowel

trowels

truce

truces

2 one of the large, flat parts on each side of an airplane that acts in a similar way to a bird's wings (see transportation on page 221).

wink winks winking winked verb to open and close one eye briefly as a signal to another person.

wire

wires

witness

witnesses

wife

wives

noun a man who practices magic.

wizard copper wire A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 242 wobble wobbles wobbling wobbled verb to move unsteadily.

witness verb wizard

wizards

He wobbled on his ice skates.

woke from the verb to wake He woke her very early.

wolf

wolves

wombat

wombats

woman

women

say wun-der

wonder wonders wondering wondered verb to question or think about something in a curious or doubtful way.

woodwind instrument

woodwind instruments

alto clarinet wool noun the soft hair of sheep and some other animals that can be used to make cloth, clothes, carpets, and blankets.

woolen

adjective made from wool.

woolen hat word

2 the group of letters you use to write down these sounds.

word processing verb writing, correcting, and storing documents electronically.

My father works in a factory.

work

wore from the verb to wear He wore a yellow T-shirt.

work works working worked verb 1 to use effort to do something.

world noun the planet Earth and all the people and things on it.

worm

say wur-ee

worry

The crown was worth a lot of money.

worthless

say woond

wound verb wound from the verb to wind He wound the string around the package.

wound

wounds

rhymes with sound

wove from the verb to weave She wove the wool into cloth.

rhymes with stove

wrap wraps wrapping wrapped verb to fold paper or fabric around something.

wrapper

wrappers

say rap-ur

wreath

say reeth

wreck wrecks wrecking wrecked verb to destroy or ruin.

He wrung the water out of the cloth.

wrinkle

say ring-kul

wrist

say rist

write writes writing wrote written verb 1 to form letters and words on a surface.

say rite

wrong

xylophone

xylophones

noun X-ray chest X-ray yacht

yachts

Yaks eat grass and are often used by people as a source of food or for carrying loads.

yap yaps yapping yapped verb to bark in a shrill way.

Wednesday www world wide web yd.

yard POW prisoner of war PR public relations pro professional Prof.

yard

yards

noun an outdoor area around a house or building Our yard is nice and grassy.

yarn

A year is the time that it takes Earth to travel once around the Sun.

yearly adverb yeast noun a yellow-brown substance made up of tiny fungi.

He yelled at the neighbor's cats that were fighting outside the window.

yell

Yeast is used in bread and cakes to help them rise with air.

yell yells yelling yelled verb to shout or scream loudly.

say thawt-ful

opposite thoughtless

noun the tube that leads from your mouth, through your neck, to your stomach and lungs.

rhymes with boat

Her title was Senior Editor.

say tite-l

Touching the tip of his nose.

2 a helpful hint or piece of useful information.

noun 1 a thin, soft paper used for wiping skin.

2 a material that makes up a part of a living thing.

Time is measured in periods such as centuries, years, months, weeks, days, and hours.

2 a particular point in the day.

noun 1 the name of a creative piece of work such as a book, movie, or painting.

2 a person's professional position.

adjective complete in every way.

He had a thorough search for his book.

Do you have any tips for getting rid of stains? 3 a small, extra gift of money, given in return for a service.

I left the waiter in the restaurant a tip.

adjective caring about other people's feelings and needs.

It was thoughtful of her to help him.

noun a warning that something may happen.

There's a threat of rain in the air.

thread threads threading threaded verb to pass a length of thread or rope through a hole in something.

Threading beads onto a string.

noun a large, wild mammal that is part of the cat family.

Tigers live in many regions of Asia, from tropical forests to cold plains.

noun an amphibian similar to a frog, but with a rougher, dryer skin.

Toads eat insects, usually live on land, and move along with short hops.

timid

adjective easily frightened or shy.

thuds

noun a dull sound made when a heavy object falls on something.

noun a special chair used by a ruler of a country.

thick candle thigh thin candle thorn sewing thread embroidery thread a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 215 through preposition from one side or end to the other.

There are four things I want to do this evening.

think thinks thinking thought verb to use your mind to create ideas or opinions.

She thought about what she could eat for lunch.

thirsty

comparisons thirstier thirstiest

thistle

thorn

thorns

noun a sharp spike on the stem of a plant.

thorough

say thur-oh

thoroughly adverb thought

say thawt

thoughtful

thread

threads

say thret

threaten verb thrill

threat

threats

throw throws throwing threw thrown verb to send something out of your hand and through the air forcefully.

thud

day month date winding stem back view front back view view front view strap battery dial minute hand second hand hour hand cogs date display past present future hours minutes seconds winding key timing button clock case Roman numerals Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday calendar date book Months of the year wristwatch carriage clock Telling the time pocket watch nurse's watch stopwatch digital alarm clock quarter to o'clock 24-hour clock quarter past half past Time-measuring devices Days of the week Time periods January February March April May June July August September October November December a bc defg hi j k lm n op q r s t u v w x y z 217 timetable

timetables

2 a metal container for putting things in or for preserving food.

tingle tingles tingling tingled verb to have a slight stinging feeling in a part of your body.

Carbonated drinks make my mouth tingle.

tinkle tinkles tinkling tinkled verb to make a light, ringing sound.

The bells tinkled as the sleigh moved along.

tiny

She tipped the dirty water out of the bucket.

tip

tiptoe tiptoes tiptoeing tiptoed verb to walk slowly and quietly on your toes.

tired

tissue

tissues

title

titles

toad

toads

They hibernate in winter.

toadstool

Let's drink a toast to the bride and groom.

toast verb tobacco noun a plant whose leaves are dried and used in cigarettes and pipes.

toboggan

toboggans

I'm going to the zoo today.

today

noun a flat sled that is used for sliding down slopes.

today adverb on this day.

noun toddler

toddlers

noun a young child who is learning or has just learned to walk (see growth on page 94).

toe

toffee

toffees

noun a chewy sweet made from sugar and butter.

together adverb with each other.

Shall we go together? toilet

toilets

toilet tin ore tin can green toad toe A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 218 told told from the verb to tell She told her friends what she had done over the weekend.

tomato