F&W ecol 401

which pattern of absorption is most likely true?

- a lipophilic solute moving through a membrane - glucose moving through a membrane with a transporter present - amino acid moving through the paracellular space - a hydrophilic (water soluble) organic solute moving through the paracellular space

if a 300 kg polar bear spends 4 hours a day chasing a prey (at a rate of 5000 kJ/hr) and 20 hours a day resting (using 1400 kJ/hr), its total daily energy expenditure is:

48,000 kJ/day

Immediately after running a strenuous sprint race, which of the following is true regarding one's metabolic status?

Cellular levels of lactate will be highest after the sprint, compared to before the sprint.

what is a correct statement about digestion of plant material by herbivores?

Host hindgut fermenters may not benefit much from essential amino acids synthesized by microbes, unless the host engages in coprophagy

what is true about anaerobic metabolism?

It produces ATP at a faster rate than does aerobic metabolism

what statement is most correct about water reabsorption from feces or urine?

a water limited mammal absorbs water from collecting ducts in the nephron through aquaporins

a physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution and is advantageous is called?

an adaption

what is a isotope signature that we discussed in stable isotope ecology?

an average 2-6% enrichment in 15N across trophic levels

what statement about synergistic components of the mammalian stress response is true?

catecholamines amplify glucagon's effect in opposing the actions of insulin

when blood glucose falls too low, release of glucose from cells in the body is generally stimulated by:

decrease in the ratio of insulin to glucagon

Which of the following statements is correct about FMR, which is measured with doubly labeled water?

the metabolic rate calculated from labeled water turnover includes energy expenditure to convert lactic acid back to glucose

plasma blood glucose level is regulated in mammals. the cells primarily responsible for monitoring (sensing) plasma glucose are located in

the pancreas

what is a true statement about microvilli

these structures greatly increase the surface area of small intestinal cells

which component of forage is measured in the Kjeldahl method?

total nitrogen

what hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland?

vasopressin and oxytocin

kidney and liver elimination of toxicants?

water soluble toxicants that are small enough may be filtered by the kidney nephrons and eliminated via urine

Which graph below shows best the relationship between power input and swim speed for a penguin?

exponential growth as speed increases

the leopard frog has lower amounts of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase as compared to the western toad

false

true or false, the western toad creates more lactic acid per unit time as compared to the leopard frog, who can jump farther

false

which component of food has the highest energy content per gram dry mass?

fatty acid

in lecture, we compared the cost of locomotion for walking/running, flying, and for swimming. which of the following statements about patterns is most correct?

for a given type of movement, the cost of transportation does not vary greatly according to phylogeny

injections of ___ would likely result in the highest blood glucose levels in a mammal when measured ~1 hour post-injection

glucagon and epinephrine

what is a true statement regarding the feedback mechanisms of the HPA axis is true?

glucocorticoids inhibit the secretion of ACTH

major energy containing product ultimately absorbed by the vertebrate host from the starch in a wild ass

glucose

Anaerobic muscle fibers ____ as compared to aerobic muscle fibers

have higher glycogen content

Compared to aerobic muscle fibers, anaerobic muscle fibers

have higher glycogen content

desert tortoises may eat food plants with high water content in springtime and with very low water content in the fall. what adjustments would you expect to see?

if plants have very high water content, tortoise may have higher evaporative water loss (compared with situation when plants are very dry)

in the desert heat animals that are _____ have the best chance at survival (assuming no shelter is available)

large with relatively low surface area for their size

what is a good explanation for why resting metabolism increases with body mass among reptile species?

larger reptiles have larger organs such as liver and brain with more mitochondria

Amino acids are sometimes deaminated int he course of post-absorptive nutrient processing. the NH3 that is formed is a waste product that is then excreted as NH3, or urea, or uric acid. what is true?

many vertebrates that live in aquatic environments excrete the waste N as NH3

primary enzyme or other agent that breaks down much of the starch in a kangaroo

microbes

steroid hormones are synthesized

on demand and released into the blood by diffusion

primary enzyme or other agent that breaks down much of the starch in a wild ass

pancreatic amylase

what is true about pathways of ATP production?

phosphagen yields ATP at a faster rate than either glycolysis or aerobic metabolism

administering a substance that enhances the release of ADH to a frog will cause the distal convoluted tubule to

reabsorb more water than normal

some rats can survive by eating only dry seeds and not consuming water, what adaption might help conserve water when foraging for seeds in the desert during the dry season?

selecting diet items with relatively high digestibility

major energy containing product ultimately absorbed by the vertebrate host from the starch in a kangaroo

short-chain fatty acid