FCS chapter 6 questions

Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver?

Kwashiorkor

______ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."

Kwashiorkor

The selection of vegetarian food options in grocery stores and restaurants

has increased in recent years due to the popularity of vegetarian lifestyles.

Vitamin C helps with the absorption of

iron

A ______ dietary pattern is primarily plant-based, but does include dairy products.

lactovegetarian

An illness might cause ______ protein balance because the person would not be consuming adequate amounts of protein.

negative

Which of the following might happen to someone with an illness?

negative protein balance

A(n) ______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

non essential

Thinking about food or chewing food stimulates gastrin release from the stomach. Gastrin then stimulates the stomach to release _____ and produce acid.

pepsin

______ proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

plant

Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells?

proteins

____________ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

proteins

Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.

rarely

Due to the activity of some phytochemicals, foods made from ______ can lower the production of cholesterol by the body.

soybeans

True or false: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.

true

How many nonessential amino acids exist?

11

The body uses 20 different amino acids to function. How many of these are nonessential?

11

Proteins supply the body with __________ kilocalories of energy per gram.

4

Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start (top of the list) to finish (bottom of the list).

A. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes B. partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK C. Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine D. trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

Amino Acids

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?

Denaturation

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False Reason: Animal proteins match our need for essential amino acids and provide ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

True or false: Protein synthesis is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

False Reason: Denaturation is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

Protein synthesis takes place in the

cytoplasm

A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

essential

True or false: Lentils (a type of legume) supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

false

True or false: Trypsin is responsible for releasing pepsin and stimulating the stomach to produce acid.

false

True or false: Soy protein is a complete protein, which means it provides all nine essential amino acids.

True Reason: Most plant proteins are incomplete proteins, but soy and quinoa do provide all nine essential amino acids.

True or false: The presence of proteins in the blood causes edema.

false Reason: Blood proteins help maintain body fluid balance. The presence of proteins inside the blood vessels attracts fluid from the extracellular space back into the blood.

When blood proteins are too low,

fluid leaks out of the blood vessels into extracellular spaces.

Depending on the need of various body tissues, individual amino acids can undergo several modifications in the _____.

liver

Individual amino acids can undergo several modifications in the ______ depending on the needs of the body.

liver

The treatment for PKU involves a

low-phenylalanine diet.

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

marasmus

Nutrigenomics focuses on the interactions between

nutrients and gene expression.

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

prohibits health insurers from using the results of genetic testing to raise premiums or deny coverage.

People of African descent are more prone to what genetic disease?

sickle cell disease

Food allergies occur when the immune system perceives a harmless food protein as harmful invader.

true

True or false: Changing a protein's shape can destroy its ability to function normally.

true

True or false: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissue are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.

true

True or false: Final digestion of amino acid chains takes place in the small intestine.

true

True or false: Plant sources of fat are good for the heart because they are usually high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

true

In extreme starvation, _____ from muscle tissue start to be converted to glucose, which wastes muscle and produces edema.

amino acids

Sickle cell disease occurs when _____ are out of order on a protein.

amino acids

PKU is caused by

an enzyme insufficiency.

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in foods of ______ origin.

animal

Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein? Multiple select question. a.There is only one main function of protein which is to build muscle b Protein serves multiple functions in the body c. Protein is the primary fuel source for the body d. Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance, and cell repair

b. and d.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

calorie deficiency. lack of nutrients.

An appropriately-planned vegetarian diet can meet nutrient needs throughout the life cycle. However, _____ are at heightened risk for deficiencies of vitamin B-12, calcium, iron, and vitamin D because they eat small quantities of food and tend to be picky eaters even without dietary restrictions.

children

How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?

The protein loses its normal biological activity.

Which of the following are functions of protein?

Blood clotting Production of enzymes and hormones Fluid balance

Nadine recently found out through genetic testing that she is a carrier of the BRCA1 gene, which indicates she is at high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. If her health insurance company increases her premiums based on this information, they would be in violation of the

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar Calcium-fortified orange juice Parfait made with yogurt, granola, and blueberries

Select all that apply Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids? Multiple select question. a. Oxygen b. Hydrogen c. Nitrogen d. Carbon e. Argon

Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon

Which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses?

Positive protein balance

Which of the following are functions of protein?

Production of enzymes and hormones Blood clotting Fluid balance

There are nine ______ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

essential

What are some vegetarian foods that supply the body with vitamin B-12?

fortified soy milk cereals

True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.

true reason: Amino acids are required for the synthesis of body protein and other important nitrogen-containing compounds, such as creatine, peptide hormones, and some neurotransmitters.

Which of the following is a poor source of vitamin B-12?

vegetables

Children following a vegan or vegetarian diet may be at risk for deficiencies of

vitamin B-12. iron. vitamin D. calcium.

Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.

wheat fish shellfish peanuts tree nuts soy milk eggs

What is the best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids?

whole foods

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.

infants