FDNS 2100 FINAL

All of the following are true regarding the Percent Daily values on a food label EXCEPT a. they help consumers tell whether or not a food has a lot or little of a nutrient b. they help consumers compare between different brands c. they are the daily goals of a person consuming 2000 kcals d. they are appropriate for moderately active women e. they are appropriate for moderately active men

e

Factor(s) that might contribute to another's eating disorders are _____. (from handout in class) a. making fun of another person's eating habits or food choices b. complimenting someone when they lose weight or diet c. assuming that a large person wants or needs to lose weight d. a and b e. a, b, and c

e

In general, whole foods are the best source of nutrients because (from the reading assignment) a. the body assimilates nutrients best from foods that dilute and disperse them among other substances that facilitate absorption b. when taken in pure concentrated forms (e.g. supplement pills) nutrients are likely to interfere with one another's absorption c. when taken in pure concentrated form (e.g. supplement pills) nutrients are likely to interfere with absorption of other nutrients from foods eaten at the same time d. a and b e. a, b and c

e

On a food label, the following are required EXCEPT: a. total fat b. cholesterol c. total carbohydrate d. fiber e. all of the above are required on a food label

e

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are ___________ at room temperature, ___________ for your health, and contain ________ double bond(s). a. Solid, bad, two or more b. Solid, good, two or more c. Liquid, good, zero d. Gaseous, bad, one e. Liquid, good, two or more

e

The MyPlate replaces the MyPyramid for consumers and has the following characteristics: a. is a quick simple reminder and uncomplicated symbol b. prompts consumers to think about building a healthy plate at meal times c. is still consistent with the USDA Dietary Guidelines d. a and b e. a, b and c

e

The components of Energy Out (=energy expenditure) are: a. basal metabolic rate (=basal metabolism) b. physical activity c. thermic effect of food d. a and b e. a, b and c

e

This nutrient contains sulfur, is found widespread in foods and a deficiency results in hair loss. a. pantothenic acid b. vitamin B12 c. niacin d. vitamin B6 e. biotin

e

Tips for consuming phytochemicals include which of the following? (from the reading assignment) a. eat more fruit b. increase vegetable portions c. use herbs and spices d. a and b e. a, b and c

e

Which of the following are constituents of cell membranes and act as emulsifying agents? a. sterols b. cholesterol c. saturated fats d. coconut oil e. phospholipids

e

Which of the following are finger-like projections in the small intestine to increase the surface area for absorption? a. mucus cells b. sphincters c. enzymes d. bile e. villi

e

Which of the following do NOT have RDAs ? a. vitamins b. protein c. carbohydrates d. a and b e. b and c

e

Which of the following in FALSE regarding high (animal) protein diets? a. they increase bone loss b. they are a burden on the kidneys c. they are linked to colon cancer d. they increase the risk for heart disease e. they typically do not provide all essential amino acids

e

Which of the following is NOT a function of protein? a. fluid balance b. acid-base balance c. building antibodies d. building transport molecules e. main fuel for brain cells

e

Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients? a. proteins b. fats c. carbohydrates d. water e. all of the above classes of nutrients

e

Which of the following is not a role of fat in the body? a. Fuel and emergency reserve b. Protects internal organs c. Insulates body against temperature extremes d. Cell membranes and myelin sheaths e. Causes extra body hair to grow

e

Which of the following is/are a clue(s) that a diet is a fad diet and/or weight-loss scam (from reading assignment)? a. it blames weight gain on a single nutrient, such as carbohydrate, or constituent, such as gluten b. it eliminates an entire food group such as grains or milk/milk products c. it fails to plan for weight maintenance following loss d. promises quick and easy weight loss methods, like "lose weight while your sleep" e. all of the above

e

Which of the following is/are an example(s) of dietary assessment? a. 24-hr recall b. food diary c. food frequency questionnaire d. b and c e. a, b and c

e

Which of the following would NOT be helpful in improving your LDL/HDL ratio (in giving you a healthy blood lipid profile)? a. consuming soluble fibers b. controlling your weight c. having moderate alcohol consumption d. consuming antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E) e. consuming hydrogenated fats

e

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23 is considered a. underweight b. normal (healthy) c. overweight d. obese e. stout

b

A deficiency of Vitamin C is called ____, and good sources include _____. a. beriberi...pork b. scurvy...cabbage-type vegetables c. rickets...milk d. pellagra...enriched bread e. anemia...red meat

b

An avocado would be considered a ___ in the Exchange System, but a ___ in the MyPlate/Food Guide Pyramid. a. starch...protein b. fat...vegetable c. fat...starch d. carbohydrate...legume e. carbohydrate...carbohydrate

b

If a nutrient does NOT have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level, this means that a. it is safe to consume in any amount b. insufficient data exist to establish a value c. no caution is required when consuming supplements of that nutrient d. it is safe when supplemental levels are added to foods

b

It is recommended that fish be consumed at least once/week because fish are a good source of a. fiber b. omega-3 fatty acids c. trans fats d. monounsaturated fats e. phospholipids

b

It is recommended that total fat consumption should be ___ of total kcalories, saturated fat consumption should be ___ or less of total kcalories and cholesterol intake should be less than ____ mg per day. a. 15-25% ....5%....100 b. 20-35%....10%....300 c. 25-40%....15%....200 d. 30-45%....20%....300 e. 35-50%....25%....100

b

Peter had a breakfast of bacon, eggs, biscuits and coffee, totaling 750 calories. Assuming he needs the average amount of calories for a male, what percent of his caloric intake did he consume? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. none of the above

b

Place the following steps in correct order regarding how the body responds when you eat a high carbohydrate meal consisting of bread and pasta. 1. Insulin is released from the pancreas 2. There is an increase in blood glucose 3. Large carbohydrates are broken down into glucose 4. Insulin decreases blood glucose by letting blood glucose into cells a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 3, 2, 1, 4 c. 4, 2, 1, 3 d. 2, 3, 4, 1 e. 4, 1, 3, 2

b

Savannah weighs 110 lbs (=50 kg) and is a vegetarian. Her protein RDA is ____ g/day. a. 25 b. 40 c. 60 d. 90 e. 180

b

Someone who follows a vegan diet can get adequate protein a. only by supplementing their diet with protein powder b. by eating complementary plant proteins c. only by eating meat occasionally d. only by eating eggs and/or dairy occasionally e. by eating large amounts of fruit

b

Starches are made up of long chains of a. fructose b. glucose c. galactose d. sucrose e. lactose

b

The ___ are nutrient intake goals for individuals and cover ~ ___ % of the population. a. EAR...50 b. RDA...97 c. UL...25 d. AI...50 e. DRI...100

b

The major metabolic organ of the body is the a. brain b. liver c. kidney d. stomach e. pancreas

b

What does the stomach secrete that prevents it from autodigestion (from digesting itself)? a. intrinsic factor b. mucus c. bile d. enzymes e. hydrochloric acid

b

When groups of rats are given solutions of glucose, fructose or sucrose in addition to their chow, all gain body fat, but the _______-fed rats gain the most. (from the reading assignment) a. glucose b. fructose c. sucrose

b

Which of the following components of Energy Out (i.e. the amount of calories that you use/burn each day) account for the greatest amount of total energy expenditure (for the average person)? a. thermic effect of food b. basal metabolic rate (=basal metabolism) c. physical activity d. food intake e. none of the above

b

All of the following are typically nutrients of concern (i.e. potentially limiting) in a vegan diet EXCEPT a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin D c. vitamin C d. iron e. zinc

c

Beth ate a peanut butter and jelly sandwich that had 10 grams of fiber. She also had an apple that had 2.5 grams of fiber. She consumed about what percent of her total fiber needs for the day? a. 20% b. 35% c. 50% d. 70% e. 100%

c

Glucose and amino acids are transported across the intestinal cell via which mechanism? a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. active co-transport

c

How much extra protein (above your RDA) is it safe to consume? a. 20 grams b. 40 grams c. 2x your RDA d. 3x your RDA e. any amount...extra protein is always safe

c

Sally calculated her BMI to be 28.5. Her BMI category is _____. She wants to lose one pound of fat, so she needs to burn an extra _____ calories, relative to her calorie intake. a. underweight...2,500 calories b. normal (also known as healthy)...3500 calories c. overweight...3500 calories d. obese...5000 calories e. stout...2500 calories

c

The credential that indicates a person is a qualified nutrition expert is a/an ___. (from the reading assignment) a. owner of health food store b. physician c. registered dietitian nutritionist d. personal trainer e. nurse

c

The end products of digestion for carbohydrates are ___, for fats are ___ and for protein are ___ a. fiber...cholesterol...amino acids b. starch...fatty acids & glycerol...dipeptides c. monosaccharides...fatty acids & glycerol...amino acids d. starches...phopholipids...amino acids e. glycerol...cholesterol...amino acids

c

This nutrient plays a role in vision and cell division, and a good source is fortified milk. a. vitamin C b vitamin B-6 c. vitamin A d. vitamin D e. vitamin E

c

Water, minerals and vitamin K are absorbed by the a. stomach b. esophagus c. large intestine d. liver e. small intestine

c

What is the #1 trigger for an eating disorder? a. an over-controlling family b. depression c. dieting d. obsessive-compulsive disorder e. societal images of thinness

c

Which of the following are not components of a disaccharide? a. glucose and glucose b. galactose and glucose c. fructose and galactose d. fructose and glucose

c

Which of the following is NOT a good source of carbohydrates? a. milk b. bread c. meat d. fruit e. vegetables

c

Which of the following is the correct pathway of food travelling through the GI system? a. esophagus, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine b. mouth, stomach, esophagus, liver, small intestine, large intestine c. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine d. mouth, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine

c

Which of the following is/are NOT characteristics of "Problem Drinkers" (from the reading assignment)? a. pressure others to drink b. gulp or "chug" drinks c. eat food when drinking or beforehand d. consider drunks to be funny or admirable e. become loud, angry, violent or silent when drinking

c

Which of the following nutrients are not organic? a. carbohydrates b. fats/lipids c. minerals d. protein e. all nutrients are organic

c

Which of the following people would NOT be covered by the DRI, based on assumptions made by the DRI committee? a. Harry, a 35 year old healthy businessman b. Cindy, a 21 year old college student c. Robert, a 20 year old with cystic fibrosis d. Joann, a 35 year old female vegetarian

c

Which of the following regulates flow of food throughout the GI tract? a. gates b. liver c. sphincters d. appendix e. bile

c

Which of the following would typically contain the most amount of fat? a. oranges b. rice c. cheese d. celery e. bananas

c

Which percentage of daily value (%DV) is used to identify a high, excellent, rich source of a nutrient? a. 5% b.10-19% c. 20% or more d. 30% or more e. 50% or more

c

Your best friend tells you that she has started taking vitamin supplements to give her energy. How would you respond to her statement? a. vitamins are organic and are a great energy source b. vitamins provide energy because they undergo oxidation c. vitamins do not yield significant energy d. a and b e. b and c

c

Gastric juice is especially used in ___ digestion. a. protein b. carbohydrate c. fat d. vitamin e. mineral

a

If you are lactose intolerant, you usually CAN consume low lactose dairy products such as a. aged cheese b. ice cream c. milk d. a and b e. a, b and c

a

Non-nutrients in foods that are beneficial and may have anti-cancer properties are called a. phytochemicals b. emulsifiers c. enzymes d. hormones e. surfactants

a

Nutrient Density is a comparison of a. vitamin and mineral content to number of kcals of a food b. nutrient content to the weight of a food c. energy (kcals) content to the weight of a food d. vitamin and mineral content to the water content of a food e. nutrient content to the water content of a food

a

Olive oil is high in ____ fats which some research suggests may ___ HDL cholesterol levels in the body. a. monounsaturated...increase b. monounsaturated...decrease c. polyunsaturated...increase d. polyunsaturated...decrease e. saturated....decrease

a

On a food label, ingredients are listed in what order? a. Descending order by weight a. Descending order by calorie b. Randomly, in any order, as long as they are all listed c. Weight by volume, for example 5% (w/v) d. Only the ingredients that are not proprietary (secret) are listed

a

Pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate which a. neutralizes the acid "chyme" coming from the stomach into the intestine b. breaks large molecules (proteins) into smaller units c. helps in digestion of fat (emulsifies fat) d. helps regulate flow throughout the intestine e. increases muscle action of the small intestine

a

People who suffer from celiac disease would need to avoid which of the following? a. whole wheat bread b. eggs c. shellfish d. peanuts e. milk

a

Previous Dietary Guidelines urged all people to cut back on total fat intake. This approach improved health in some individuals, but many people replaced the fat with ____ which resulted in obesity and heart disease. (from the reading assignment) a. added sugars b. high protein c. alcohol d. dietary fiber e. sterols

a

Soluble fiber acts to ___ while insoluble acts to ___. a. lower blood cholesterol...increase GI transit b. decrease arterial inflammation...increase blood flow to the GI c. increase stomach emptying...increase pancreatic secretions d. break down protein...break down carbohydrate e. emulsify fat...increase absorption in the GI tract

a

The Exchange System is an alternative diet planning system that includes all of the following groups EXCEPT a. fiber b. milk (non-fat, low fat, whole) c. meat (very lean, lean, medium fat, high fat) d. starch/bread e. fat

a

There are ___ essential amino acids and ___ non-essential amino acids. a. 9, 11 b. 11, 9 c. 9, 20 d. 20, 9 e. 7, 34

a

What are the components of a "healthy diet"? a. variety, balance, moderation b. low calorie, low fat, low sodium c. elimination of "bad" food, increase in "good" foods d. low carbohydrate, high protein e. no processed food, no sugar, high raw food intake

a

What is a calorie? a. measurement of energy b. something you can hold c. a ball of energy d. molecules in food e. a and b

a

What is the most essential nutrient? a. water b. carbohydrates c. minerals d. fats e. alcohol

a

Where does digestion begin? a. mouth b. esophagus c. small intestine d. liver e. anus

a

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals? a. vulnerable (susceptible) to destruction b. inorganic elements c. typically structural components d. consumed in varying (some large, some small) quantities e. all of the above are characteristics of minerals

a

Which of the following is the most common form of fat, in the diet and in the body? a. Triglyceride b. Phospholipid c. Sterol d. Oleic acid e. Saturated fat

a

Which of the following is/are energy yielding nutrient(s)? a. carbohydrates b. alcohol c. vitamins d. water e. a and b

a

Which of the following statements is FALSE about fat-soluble vitamins? a. they travel freely in blood b. they require bile for absorption c. they are likely to remain in the body for long periods of time (i.e. stored) d. they are trapped in cells associated with fat e. they are likely to reach toxic levels when consumed in excess (e.g. supplements)

a

Which of the following vitamins and minerals are currently required on a food label? a. calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C b. calcium, iron, vitamin B, vitamin D c. calcium, zinc, vitamin E, vitamin C d. iron, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E e. all vitamins and minerals are required on a food label

a

Which of the following would a vegan eat that would include all of the essential amino acids? a. peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole wheat bread b. mashed potatoes and carrots c. steamed broccoli and cauliflower d. bananas and oranges e. shrimp and grits

a

Which of the following would have the lowest amount of protein per serving? a. strawberries b. eggs c. milk d. almonds e. steak

a

______ are rich sources of riboflavin, a nutrient that is needed in high amounts by growing infants and pregnant women. a. Milk products b. Whole grains c. Citrus fruits d. Potatoes

a

"Good" bacteria in your intestine can a. protect against "bad" bacteria b. make some vitamins c. make some minerals d. a and b e. a, b and c

d

A deficiency of this nutrient during pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. Leafy green vegetables are a good source of this vitamin. a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. folate e. biotin

d

Assessment of your body composition can be done by the following techniques EXCEPT a. bioelectrical impedance b. skin fold test c. underwater weighing d. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) e. dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

d

Bile is stored in the ___ and functions to ___ a. stomach...break down protein b. liver...digest starch c. pancreas...lower blood glucose d. gall bladder...emulsify fat e. appendix...emulsify fat

d

Dietary fat provides the essential fatty acids, ___ and ___, needed for proper growth and development. a. linoleic, arachadonic b. myristic, linoleic c. palmitic, arachadonic d. linoleic, linolenic e. saturated, monounsaturated

d

Fat carried in the ___ area of your body is highly related to risk for chronic disease. a. subcutaneous b. thigh c. hip d. stomach e. chest

d

In general, females need about _____ cal per day, and males need about _____ cal per day. a. 1000....1500 b. 1200....1800 c. 1500....2000 d. 2000....3000 e. 3000....4000

d

It is better for the environment to use ___ as a source of dietary protein, because you get ___ protein per acre of land from them. a. meat...less b. meat...more c. plants...less d. plants...more e. beans...less

d

Last night Kim was sitting on her couch with a pint of Ben and Jerry's chocolate fudge brownie ice cream watching a movie. Focused in on the TV Kim accidentally ate the entire pint of ice cream. The pint contained 4 servings. At 260 kcal per serving, what percent of her daily energy (calorie) intake came from the Ben and Jerry's ice cream? a. 13 % b. 25 % c. 44 % d. 52 % e. none of the above

d

MyPlate recommendations indicate that ___ of your plate should consist of fruits and vegetables. a. one-tenth b. one-third c. one-quarter d. one-half e. two-thirds

d

This vitamin plays a role in amino acid metabolism, fat metabolism and makes hemoglobin, and good sources include meat, potatoes and bananas. a. pantothenic acid b. vitamin B12 c. niacin d. vitamin B6 e. biotin

d

What is a negative effect of taking a protein supplement containing a high amount of a single amino acid? a. it can irritate the lining of your intestine b. it can decrease muscle growth c. it can promote hair growth on palms of hands d. it can inhibit the absorption of other amino acids e. it can decrease acid secretion by the stomach

d

Which of the following choices is the correct Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)?Numbers represent percent of calories. a. Carbohydrates 10-35, Protein 20-35, Fat 45-65 b. Carbohydrates 20-45, Protein 20-45, Fat 2-5 c. Carbohydrates 35-55, Protein 5-30, Fat 15-30 d. Carbohydrates 45-65, Protein 10-35, Fat 20-35

d

Which of the following is true of trans fats? a. they are made using a process called hydrogenation b. they may increase heart disease c. they are made from cholesterol d. a and b e. a, b and c

d

Which of the following would contain cholesterol? a. potato chips b. peanut butter c. olive oil d. turkey breast e. palm oil

d

While eating a vegetarian diet can be very healthful, there are some benefits to eating meat including (from the reading assignment) a. protein from meat is very digestible b. meat typically provides abundant iron c. meat has heart-healthy fats d. a and b e. a, b and c

d

"Essential" nutrients a. can be produced in sufficient quantities by the human body b. must be obtained from the diet c. are required by all mammals d. are best obtained by taking supplements (pills) e. function best when taken in large (excess) quantities

b

A byproduct of muscle breakdown (to provide blood glucose) is ___ which stresses the ____. a. H2O... liver b. CO2... lungs c. NH3...kidneys d. HCl...stomach e. H2O... kidneys

c

A chronically ill person (e.g. cancer) typically has a ___ nitrogen balance, because their nitrogen ___ is greater than their ___. a. positive...intake...output b. positive...output...intake c. negative...output...intake d. negative...intake...output e. zero...intake...output

c

A deficiency of this vitamin can result in pernicious anemia as well as nerve problems. Good sources include foods of animal origin. a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin C e. folate

c

After absorption, water-soluble nutrients enter the ____ and fat-soluble nutrients enter the ___. a. brain...lymphatic system b. lymphatic system...bloodstream c. bloodstream...lymphatic system d. bloodstream...brain e. muscles...connective tissue

c