Female Reproductive

ovulation

"the pill" prevents

Meiosis I

(completed by one primary oocyte each month in response to LH surge)

secretory phase

Begins immediately after ovulation. Enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretion of nutrients prepare the endometrium to receive an embryo.

D

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle __________. A. the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates B. ovulation occurs C. the endometrium is shed D. the endometrium prepares for implantation

the endometrium prepares for implantation

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, __________.

1

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?

D

In females, the _______ is (are) the homologous structure to the glans penis in males. A. vagina B. labia majora C. cervix D. clitoris

B

Ovulated oocytes enter the uterine tubes ________. A. directly, from contact with the ovary B. via undulations of the fimbriae that draw in the oocyte C. via diffusion D. via muscular contractions of the infundibulum expelling the oocyte at a rate of 200 m/s

False

Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.

Uterus

Receive, retain, nourish fertilized ovum

A

The _______ of the uterus receives the embryo and provides nourishment until the placenta is formed. A. endometrium B. myometrium C. perimetrium D. epimetrium

C

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________. A. stratum functionalis; myometrium B. stratum basalis; stratum functionalis C. stratum functionalis; stratum basalis D. myometrium; perimetrium

Ovulation

The follicle ruptures and the oocyte is expelled from the ovary

proliferative phase

The functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt.

menstrual phase

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed.

D

The superior portion of the uterus is called the ______. A. isthmus B. cervix C. ampulla D. fundus

ovulation

What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?

fallopian tube

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

LH

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?

myometrium

Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle?

D

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A. myometrium B. perimetrium C. stratum basalis of the endometrium D. stratum functionalis of the endometrium

B

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? A. serves as the birth canal B. serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte C. serves as a passageway for menstrual flow D. receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse

secondary oocyte

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

C

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female? A.The vagina is also called the birth canal. B.The vaginal mucosa lacks glands. C.The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline. D.The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium.

clitoris

Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile tissue like the penis?

progesterone

affects mood - reduces anxiety. Fall in levels toward end of luteal phase can contribute to feelings of anxiety and irritability

uterine cycle

changes in the endometrium in response to the ovarian cycle

Cervical canal

communicates with - Vagina via external os - Uterine body via internal os

Meiosis II

completed (only if sperm penetrates oocyte

Primary oocytes

develop in primordial follicles begin meiosis; stall in prophase I

Endometriosis

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

ovarian cycle

hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries (HPG axis!)

Prolapse

ligaments supporting the uterus weaken, uterus sags down into vagina

estrogens

maintain bone density

cervix

narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina

corpus luteum

produces estrogen and progesterone

oogenesis

production of ovum

cervical glands

secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle

Oogonia

stem cells that produce primary oocytes by mitotic division

Fibroids

tumors that grow within or outside the uterus

Ovaries

two main functions of: - Release mature oocytes (ovulation) - Produce and secrete sex hormones

Breast cancer

• Usually arises from epithelial cells of smallest ducts; eventually metastasize • Risk factors include - Early onset of menstruation and late menopause - No pregnancies or first pregnancy late in life - No or short periods of breast feeding - Family history of breast cancer