Female Reproductive Sys RQ
Where is the cervix? Why is early detection of cervical cancer important? How are they caught? and At what age do drs recommend getting tested & how do they test?
Cervix- communicates w/ vagina via external os & w/ cavity of the uterine body via internal os. Narrow neck or outlet, projects into the vagina inferiorly. Btw 30-50 yo Tested in pap smear- cells scraped and examined. Every 2 years ages 21-30 and yearly over 30.
Stages of follicular cycle & hormonal changes
Day 1: rising levels of GnRH production of LH and FSH. FSH & LH stimulate follicle growth & maturation & estrogen secretion. Increasing estrogen in plasma exert negative feedback on pituitary, estrogen increases in ovary. high levels of blood estrogen stimulate production of FSH & LH around midcycle. LH surge stimulates primary oocyte to become secondary. LH stimulates ovulation around day 14. After ovulation, estrogen levels decrease. LH surge transforms ruptures follicle into corpus luteum & stimulates it to produce progesterone & estrogen. Increasing progesterone & estrogen exert negative feedback effect on pituitary release of LH and FSH.
Functional layer of uterus? basal layer?
Endometrium- Stratum functionalis- functional layer Stratum basalis- basal layer- after menstruation ends
3 layers of uterus & their function
Endometrium- mucosal lining. Where oocyte implants. Myometrium- muscle layer- contracts during birth Peritoneum- outermost serous layer.
Luteal Phase of ovarian cycle
period of corpus luteum activity 14-28 days. after ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses & corpus luteum is formed- secretes progesterone & estrogen. If pregnancy doesn't occur- corpus luteum persists until placenta is ready to take over hormonal duties in 3 months.
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
pregnancy in which the embryo implants in any site other than the uterus; most commonly the fallopian tubes.
Where are progesterone & estrogen levels highest?
proliferation phase
Fimbriae & relation to fallopian tubes
stiffen & sweep over the ovarian surface, create currents in peritoneal fluid that carry an oocyte into uterine tube.
The usual site of embryo implantation is the
fallopian tubes
which hormones prompt follicle growth & ovulation?
Follicle growth- FSH & LH Ovulation- LH
What is endometriosis?
Inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue occurs & grows atypically in the pelvic cavity. Characterized by abnormal uterine or rectal bleeding, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Can cause sterility.
What is ovulation?
each month, one of the ripening follicles ejects its oocyte from the ovary occurs when the ballooning ovary wall ruptures & expels into secondary oocyte, still surrounded by its corona radiate, into peritoneal cavity.