Fetal Environment and Maternal Complications

the measurement that should be carefully scrutinized in cases of IUGR is the: a. AC b. femur length c. biparietal diameter d. head circumference

a. AC

nonimmune hydrops is associated with all of the following except: a. RH isoimmunization b. pleural effusion c. Turner syndrome d. fetal infection

a. RH isoimmunization

the normal umbilical cord insertion point into the placenta is: a. central b. superior c. inferior margin d. lateral margin

a. central

the placenta releases ____ to maintain the corpus luteum a. human chorionic gondatropin b. follicle-stimulating hormone c. luteinizing hormone d. gonadotropin-stimulating hormone

a. human chorionic gondatropin

which of the following is described as the situation in which the placental edge extends into the lower uterine segment but ends more than 2cm away from the internal os? a. low-lying placenta b.marginal previa c. partial previa d. total previa

a. low-lying placenta

mothers with pregestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk for a fetus with: a. neural tube defects b. proteinuria c. TORCH d. diethylstilbestrol

a. neural tube defects

pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks' gestation is termed: a. preeclampsia b. gestational diabetes c. eclampsia d. gestational trophoblastic disease

a. preeclampsia

the placenta accrete denotes: a. the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium b. the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall c. the invasion of the placenta into the myometrium d. the condition of having the fetal vessels rest over the internal os

a. the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium

doppler sonography reveals vascular structures coursing over the internal os of the cervix. the finding is indicative of: a. vasa previa b. placenta previa c. placenta increta d. abruptio placentae

a. vasa previa

the placenta is considered too thick when it measures: a. >4mm b. >4cm c. >8cm d. >3.5cm

b. >4cm

Normally, the S/D ratio: a. Increases with advancing gestation b. Decreases with advancing gestation c. Reverses occasionally during a normal pregnancy d. Has an absent diastolic component

b. Decreases with advancing gestation

evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal: a. genitourinary system b. gastrointestinal system c. extremities d. cerebrovascular system

b. gastrointestinal system

which of the following would increase the likelihood of developing placenta previa? a. vaginal bleeding b. previous cesarean section c. corpus albicans d. chorioangioma

b. previous cesarean section

with Rh isoimmunization, the maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the fetal: a. spleen b. red blood cells c. liver d. white blood cells

b. red blood cells

the cervix should measure at least ___ in length a. 4cm b. 5cm c. 3cm d. 8 mm

c. 3cm

a succenturiate lobe of the placenta refers to a: a. bilobed placental lobe b. circumvallate placental lobe c. accessory lobe d. circummarginate placental lobe

c. accessory lobe

increased S/D ratio is associated with all of the following except: a. IUGR b. placental insufficiency c. allantoic cysts d. perinatal mortality

c. allantoic cysts

a velamentous cord insertion is associated with which of the following> a. placenta increta b. placental abruption c. basa previa d. circumvallate placenta

c. basa previa

doppler assessment of the middle cerebral artery: a. helps to determine whether fetal anorexia is occuring b. is valuable in diagnosing the extent of ventriculomegaly c. can evaluate the fetus for hypoxia d. is important to determine whether TORCH complications are present

c. can evaluate the fetus for hypoxia

the most common placental tumor is the: a. choriocarcinoma b. maternal lake c. chorioangioma d. allantoic cyst

c. chorioangioma

the maternal contribution to the placenta is the: a. chorionic vera b. decidua vera c. decidua basalis d. chorion frondosum

c. decidua basalis

all of the following are associated with a thin placenta except: a. preeclampsia b. IUGR c. fetal hydrops d. long-standing diabetes

c. fetal hydrops

fetal TORCH is frequently associated with: a. maternal hypertension b. twin-twin transfusion syndrome c. intracranial calcification d. renal cystic disease

c. intracranial calcification

insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta is referred to as: a. velamentous cord insertion b. partial cord insertion c. marginal cord insertion d. nuchal cord insertion

c. marginal cord insertion

what would be most likely confused for a uterine leiomyoma? a. placental infarct b. chorioangiomyoma c. myometrial contraction d. placenta previa

c. myometrial contraction

one of the most common causes of painless vaginal bleeding in the second and third trimesters is: a. spontaneous abortion b. abruptio placentae c. placenta previa d. placenta accrete

c. placenta previa

all of the following are associated with a thick placenta except: a. fetal infections b. Rh infections c. placental insufficiency d. multiple gestations

c. placental insufficiency

an anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during a routine sonographic examination. what is the most likely diagnosis? a. hemangiona b. vasa previa c. chorioangioma d. allantoic cyst

d. allantoic cyst

IUGR is evident when the EFW is: a. above the 90th percentile b. below the 90th percentile c. above the 10th percentile d. below the 10th percentile

d. below the 10th percentile

all of the following are associated with polyhydramnios except: a. omphalocele b. gastroschisis c. esophageal atresia d. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

d. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

the fetal contribution of the placenta is the: a. chorionic vera b. decidua vera c. decidua basalis d. chorion frondosum

d. chorion frondosum

all of the following are associated with oligohydramnios except: a.bilateral renal agenesis b. infantile polycystic kidney disease c. premature rupture of membranes d. duodenal atresia

d. duodenal atresia

all of the following are clinical features of placental abruption except: a. vaginal bleeding b. uterine tenderness c. abdominal pain d. funneling of the cervix

d. funneling of the cervix

which of the following would be least likely associated with immune hydrops? a. fetal hepatomegaly b. fetal splenomegaly c. anasarca d. leiomyoma

d. leiomyoma

mothers with gestational diabetes run the risk of having fetuses that are considered: a. nutritionally deficient b. acromegalic c. microsomic d. macrosomic

d. macrosomic

Pools of maternal blood noted within the placental substance are referred to as: a. accessory lobes b. decidual casts c. chorioangiomas d. maternal lakes

d. maternal lakes

penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall would be referred to as: a. placenta accrete b. placenta increta c. placenta previa d. placenta percreta

d. placenta percreta

when the placenta completely covers the internal os, it is referred to as: a. low-lying previa b. marginal previa c. partial previa d. total previa

d. total previa

the normal umbilical cord has: a. one vein and one artery b. two veins and two arteries c. two veins and one artery d. two arteries and one vein

d. two arteries and one vein

the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge is termed: a. placenta previa b. placental abruption c. marginal insertion d. velmentous insertion

d. velmentous insertion