Fetal Genitourinary System

Most common fetal abnormality in sonography is

Hydronephrosis

what is the sonographic sign for dilated bladder and urethra

KEYHOLE SIGN

acronym for associated anomalies; stands for v ertebral anomalies, a nal atresia, c ardiac anomalies, t racheoesophageal fistula or esophageal atresia, r enal anomalies, and l imb anomalies

VACTERAL

Prune belly syndrome is caused by: a. An enlarged bladder b. Unilateral renal agenesis c. Bilateral renal agenesis d. Hypospadias

a. An enlarged bladder

The "keyhole" sign describes the sonographic findings of a/an: a. Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra b. Bilateral renal agenesis c. Unilateral renal agenesis d. Dilation of the renal pelvis and proximal urete

a. Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is: a. Meckel-Gruber syndrome b. Potter syndrome c. VACTERL association d. Sirenomelia syndrome

a. Meckel-Gruber syndrome

Having more than the normal number of digits is: a. Polydactyly b. Clinodactyly c. Multidigitopia d. Sirenomelia

a. Polydactyly

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy? a. Unilateral renal agenesis b. Bilateral renal agenesis c. Pelvic kidney d. Horseshoe kidneys

a. Unilateral renal agenesis

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is: a. Multicystic dysplastic renal disease b. Autosomal dominant polycystic disease c. Autosomal recessive polycystic disease d. Obstructive cystic dysplasia

b. Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes: a. Renal agenesis b. Horseshoe kidneys c. Moiety d. Meckel-Gruber syndrom

b. Horseshoe kidneys

Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the: a. Renal fossae b. Pelvis c. Chest d. Umbilical cord

b. Pelvis

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the: a. Lower abdomen b. Pelvis c. Chest d. Contralateral quadrant

b. Pelvis

The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of: a. Enlarged bladder and urethra b. Renal agenesis c. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease d. Posterior urethral valves

b. Renal agenesis

All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except: a. Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease b. Unilateral renal agenesis c. Bilateral renal agenesis d. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

b. Unilateral renal agenesis

blockage of flow urine out urinary bladder

bladder outlet obstruction

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is: a. MCDK b. ARPKD c. ADPKD d. VATER

c. ADPKD

The "keyhole" sign would be seen in all of the following situations except: a. Urethral atresia b. Prune belly syndrome c. Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease d. Posterior urethral valves

c. Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

Pyelectasis refers to: a. Enlargement of the urinary bladder, ureter, and renal calices b. Dilation of the ureter c. Dilation of the renal pelvis d. Enlargement of the ureter only

c. Dilation of the renal pelvis

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except: a. Omphalocele b. Spina bifida c. Encephalocele d. Imperforate anus

c. Encephalocele

Bladder exstrophy describes: a. Absence of the cloaca b. Protrusion of the bladder into the umbilicus c. External position of the bladder d. Enlargement of the bladder

c. External position of the bladder

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is: a. Caliectasis b. Hydrocele c. Hydronephrosis d. Pyonephrosi

c. Hydronephrosis

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks' gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses? a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease c. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease d. Hydronephrosis

c. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Failure of the kidneys to form is called: a. Hydronephrosis b. Renal dysplasia c. Renal agenesis d. Renal ectopia

c. Renal agenesis

Cryptorchidism describes: a. Bilateral pelvic kidneys b. Urethral atresia c. Undescended testicles d. Ovarian dysgenesis

c. Undescended testicles

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines: a. Renal agenesis b. Ovarian dysgenesis c. Clitorimegaly d. Ambiguous genitalia

d. Ambiguous genitalia

Which of the following best describes hypospadias? a. OEIS complex in the presence of a hydrocele b. The chronic obstruction of the renal pelvis and urethra c. The underdevelopment of the scrotum in the presence of a hydrocele d. An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

d. An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts? a. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease b. Obstructive cystic dysplasia c. Hydronephrotic syndrome d. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

d. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

OEIS complex is also referred to as: a. Bladder exstrophy b. Omphalocele c. Potter syndrome d. Cloacal exstrophy

d. Cloacal exstrophy

Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly? a. Horseshoe kidneys b. Pelvic kidneys c. Renal agenesis d. Duplex collecting system

d. Duplex collecting system

The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except: a. Unilateral renal agenesis b. Bilateral renal agenesis c. Potter syndrome d. Megacystis

d. Megacystis

What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder? a. Posterior urethral valves b. Urethral atresia c. Prune belly syndrome d. Megacystis

d. Megacystis

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the: a. Nephroblastoma b. Pheochromocytoma c. Hepatoblastoma d. Neuroblastoma

d. Neuroblastoma

Obstruction at the level of the ureteropelvic junction would lead to dilation of the: a. Renal pelvis and bladder b. Bladder and ureter c. Ureter and renal pelvis d. Renal pelvis and calices

d. Renal pelvis and calices

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the: a. Bladder and urethra b. Bladder, urethra, and ureters c. Bladder, urethra, ureters, and renal collecting system d. Ureters and renal collecting system

d. Ureters and renal collecting system

The most common renal anomaly is

duplicated collecting system

kidneys that are attached at their lower poles

horseshoe kidneys

enlarged urinary bladder

megacystis

enlarged ureter

megaureter or hydroureter

other names for hydronephrosis

pelvocaliectasis, pelviectasis, caliectasis

syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities prune belly syndrome-s

potter syndrome

The triad of absent abdominal musculature, undescended testis, and urinary tract abnormalities is consistent with the diagnosis of

prune belly syndrome

Most common areas of obstruction are

ureteropelvic junction, ureterovesicular junction and urethra