Film Quiz 2

HDTV

(High-Definition television)is a television system providing an image resolution that is of substantially higher resolution than that of standard-definition television. HDTV is the current standard video format used in most broadcasts: terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, satellite television, Blu-rays, and streaming video.

SDTV

(Standard-definition television) a television system which uses a resolution that's not considered to be either high-definition television (720p, 1080i, 1080p,

Progressive versus Interlace Scanning

All HDTVs are progressive-scan displays — so even if the signal being sent to the HDTV is interlaced, the HDTV will convert it to progressive scan for display on the screen. The interlaced system relies on the fact that your eyes can't detect this procedure in action — at least not explicitly.

Sensor

An image sensor or imaging sensor is a sensor that detects and conveys the information that constitutes an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

Zoom Range

Constant fast aperture zooms (usually f/2.8 or f/2.0) are typically restricted to this zoom range. ... Some photographic zoom lenses are long-focus lenses, with focal lengths longer than a normal lens, some are wide-angle lenses (wider than normal), and others cover a range from wide-angle to long-focus.

N.D. Filters (.3 equals one stop of light)

Cut's the amount of light that goes through the lens.

F Stops and T Stops

F-stop is measured by the size of the opening at the front of the lens. A t-stop is a little trickier to measure since it is how much light, having passed through the aperture and through the elements in the lens, actually gets to your sensor.

Gamma

Gamma is a nonlinear operation used to code and decode brightness values in still and moving imagery. It is used to define how the numerical value of a pixel relates to its actual brightness.

30 FPS

High definition video; early black-and-white NTSC video

1920 by 1080

The best screen display

24 FPS

The normal running speed or frame rate of a film camera, and our DSRL camera shooting video

Waveform Monitor Scale 0 to 100

The waveform monitor is used to evaluate the brightness of your image, regardless of the color. The scale of the waveform monitor is 0 to 100 IRE.

Depth of Field

Using the focus ring of our lens we can set a specific focus. However, we often work within a ______ which is a range of near and far limits of acceptably sharp focus based on the focal length of lens and the amount of light available or F-stop setting.

Persistence of Vision

When a series of drawings or photographs are viewed in rapid succession, the eye blends the individual pictures together. In the 1820s this was called ______. Today we explain the same phenomenon as a combination of what is called flicker fusion and the short-range motion phenomenon.

Timecode

a coded signal on videotape or film giving information about such things as frame number, time of recording, or exposure.

Video Frame

a complete scanning cycle of the electron beam. In interlaced scanning, two partial scanning cycles (fields) are necessary for one frame. In progressive scanning, each scanning cycle produces one complete frame.

CCD (Charged-Coupled Device)

a light-sensitive integrated circuit that stores and displays the data for an image in such a way that each pixel (picture element) in the image is converted into an electrical charge the intensity of which is related to a color in the color spectrum.

Zoom Lens

a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens (see prime lens). A true zoom lens, also called a parfocal lens, is one that maintains focus when its focal length changes.

Pixel

a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

Normal

a normal lens is a lens that reproduces a field of view that appears "natural" to a human observer.

Raster

a rectangular pattern of parallel scanning lines followed by the electron beam on a television screen or computer monitor.

Format

a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film, for either stills or filmmaking. It can also apply to projected film, either slides or movies. The primary characteristic of a film format is its size and shape.

Telephoto (Long Lenses)

a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length. The telephoto effect these lenses have make objects, that may actually have quite a lot of distance between them, appear as if they're sat close together

Wide Angle (Short Lenses)

a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane.

16 by 9

also known as 1.78:1 or widescreen. (Larger aspect ratio formats are used in the motion picture industry.)

RGB, Component and Composite Color

analog video-recording system where in the red, green, and blue signals are kept separate throughout the entire recording and storage and are transported through 3 different wires

Jello Effect

appears when the camera is vibrating, in situations such as hand-held shots at telephoto settings, or when shooting from a moving vehicle. The rolling shutter causes the image to wobble unnaturally.

4 by 3

aspect ratio also known as 1.33:1 or fullscreen

Aspect Ratio

describes the width and height of a cinema or television screen, or the size in which a film has been shot and should be projected

Prime Lens

either a photographic lens whose focal length is fixed, as opposed to a zoom lens, or it is the primary lens in a combination lens system

Tape Focus

elling the lens which light rays at a certain distance you want focused on the film or sensor plane.

Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera

is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras.

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

is a technology for constructing integrated circuits.

White Balance

it is necessary to ________ the camera to the color temperature of the specific light source under which you are shooting. This allows for proper color balance of the image. This can be done automatically through a menu setting or it can be set to a specific color temperature for tungsten or daylight light sources.

ISO

measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds

Opening up and Closing Down

opening up: allows twice as much light in the film Closing down: reducing the amount of light in the film

Distortions and Compressions of Lens types

telephoto lens creates distortion called compression.

Frame Rate

the frequency at which frames in a television picture, film, or video sequence are displayed.

Circle of Confusion

the largest blur spot that will still be perceived by the human eye as a point

Shutter Speed

the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

Monitor

to get a bigger, more informative preview as you shoot and to capture better quality footage

Lens Flare

wherein light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable effect on the image. This happens through unintentional image formation mechanisms, such as internal reflection and scattering from material imperfections

Shutter and Claw

A mechanical claw pulls the film into position behind the shutter, locking the film momentarily in place

Motion Blur

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, either due to rapid movement or long exposure.

NTSC

NTSC is the video system or standard used in North America and most of South America. In NTSC, 30 frames are transmitted each second.

H.264 and other common CODECs

Is found extensively in today's consumer camcorders, and DSLR's under the brand name AVCHD. It's also used in post production and across the Web for streaming, for example in Youtube HD videos.

HD Aspect Ratio 16:9

Many if not most HD cameras have 16:9 sensors, so it's 16: 9 wide screen from start to finish

Reflex viewfinder

Modern reflex cameras divert light coming through the lens to a view finder, where the image is projected on a viewing screen