Final BIO 227 test

The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting ______ acceleration

Angular

The most visible part of the external ear is called the _____ or _________

Auricle or pinna

The most visible part of the external ear is called the _____ or _______

Auricle, pinna

Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and _____ cells

Basal

Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?

CN IX and CN VII

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

Choroid

The sphincter pupillae _____ the pupil

Constricts

A _____ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a ____ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.

Convex, concave

Which are part of the fibrous tunic?

Cornea, sclera

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels, this is called________.

Dark adaptation

Free nerve endings are terminal branches of _______

Dendrites

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different _______

Densities

Match the modality of the stimulus with its function. Chemoreceptors

Detect chemicals

Match the modality of the stimulus with its function. Photoreceptors

Detect light

Match the modality of the stimulus with its function. Baroceptors

Detect pressure

Match the modality of the stimulus with its function. Thermoreceptors

Detect temperature

Match the modality of the stimulus with its function. Nociceptors

Detect tissue damage

The auricle has ________ cartilage that supports its structure.

Elastic

Match the terms with their definition

Emmetropia- Normal vision hyperopia-farsightedness myopia-nearsightedness

Which are correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Eustachian tube, auditory tube, pharyngotympanic tube

The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _____ meatus

External auditory

True or false: the eye is spherical, measuring about 5 cm in diameter and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull.

False, 2.5 cm

place the layers of the eye from superficial to deep

Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina

in a taste bud, the basal cells replace the _____ cells

Gustatory

Which are functions of the ear?

Hearing and equilibrium

What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells

Horizontal cells

The vitreous body is also called the vitreous _____

Humor

Which causes conjunctivitis?

Infectious agents, irritants

When photoreceptors stop _______ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.

Inhibiting

Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them

Lacrimal puncta, lacrimal caniculus, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct

Pacinian corpuscles are also called_____

Lamellated corpuscles

Tactile receptors are a type of _____

Mechanoreceptor

The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the _______

Palpebral conjunctiva

The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commisures or ________

Palpebral or canthi

If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose sensitivity over time.

Phasic

What type of receptor detect changes in the light?

Photoreceptors

The ______ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens.

Suspensory

Which are muscles located in the inner ear?

Tensor tympani, stapedius

A feature common to all receptors is_____.

The ability to respond to a stimulus

Which are true of rods

There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye, they function well in dim light

Which are true of olfactory hairs.

They are unmyelinated, they are immobile

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among _____ of different ones.

Thousands

Which would stimulate somatic nociceptors?

Touching a hot pan, exposure to acid on the skin, sprained ankle

Which are basic taste sensations?

Umami, sweet, sour

Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve?

VIII

What chamber is between the iris and cornea?

anterior chamber

earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and ___

cerumen

_____ are receptors that detect chemicals.

chemoreceptors

Cutaneous receptors are a type of _______.

exteroceptors

The eyelids are also called

palpebrae

The inner ear is located in the _____ bone

temporal

What is the name of the "snail shaped" structure of the inner ear?

Cochlea

Which type of photoreceptors detect color?

Cones

Which events occur during bright light adaptation

Cones gradually adjust, rods become inactive, pupils constrict

The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjuctiva is called the _______

Conjunctival fornix

Specific type of receptors called ____ detect stimuli in the internal organs.

Interoceptors

The ______ controls the size or diameter of the pupil and thus the amount of light entering the eye.

Iris

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

Iris, ciliary body, choroid

The sclera____

Is made of dense connective tissue, provides for eye shape

What are examples of encapsulated receptors?

Krause bulbs, end bulbs

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains _____ fluid.

Lacrimal

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and superior colliculi

The suspensory ligaments connect the ___ capsule to ciliary muscle.

Lens

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called____.

Lysozyme

Macular degeneration occurs when the _____ degenerates

Macular lutea

Which cells are found in the olfactory epithelium?

Olfactory cells, supporting cells, basal cells

A lac of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot".

Optic disc

Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior.

Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract

Which is the margin between photosensitive and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called?

Ora serrata

Which structures contain exteroceptors?

Oral cavity and skin

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

Pigmented layer of the retina and the neural layer of the retina

Aqeous humor is secreted into the _____ chamber before traveling to the _______ chamber of the eye.

Posterior, anterior

What type of receptors make you aware of your body positioning?

Proprioceptors

_____ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons

Proprioceptors

As tears drain, through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal _________

Puncta

Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ______ hair plexuses.

Root

The lens is ____ when we are viewing close-up objects

Rounded

The vestibule contains two structures, the utricle and the ______

Saccule

Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure. Sclera

Sclera, choroid, pigmented layer of retina, neural layer of retina

Hyperopia eyeball is too _______ and myopia eyeball is too _______

Short, long

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ____ and viscera

Skin

Which are functions of the auditory ossicles?

Transmit sound waves to inner ear, amplify sound

T or F: Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus.

True

Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts

Which are types of papillae?

Vallate, filiform, fungiform, foliate

Which are characteristics of the cornea?

Vascular, transparent

The root of the cochlear duct is formed by the ______ membrane

Vestibular

The fovea centra is lies _______ the macula lutea

Within

What are true of conjunctiva?

It does not cover the cornea, it is vascular, it contains goblet cells

Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.

Malleus, incus, stapes

Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?

Mechanoreceptors,thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors

The stimulating agent is also called the ____ of stimulus.

Modality

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

Vestibulocochlear

Gustatory cells are found in taste _____

buds

In the eye, the ______ humor is gelatinous

vitreous

Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first. Choroid

Choroid, photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells

The iris is continuous to the _____

Ciliary body

Gustatory cells within the taste buds are specialized type of epithelial cells called _____ cells

Neuroepithelial

We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger

Olfaction

T or F: The purpose for eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.

True