Final Ch.3-Ch.6

26. The first secretary of the treasury under the new government of 1789 was A. Alexander Hamilton. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Robert Morris. D. James Madison. E. Henry Knox.

A. Alexander Hamilton.

56. The Quebec Act A. granted political rights to Roman Catholics. B. reduced the boundaries of Quebec. C. was approved of by most English colonists. D. was passed by England to appease the French government. E. made the Roman Catholic Church illegal.

A. granted political rights to Roman Catholics.

15. Under the Constitution of 1787, the people would directly elect A. members of the House of Representatives. B. members of the Senate. C. the president. D. federal judges. E. All the answers are correct.

A. members of the House of Representatives.

4. By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery because A. of a declining birthrate in England. B. of worsening economic conditions in England. C. indentured servants generally refused to work in the southern colonies. D. the English government had come to discourage the practice of indenture. E. colonial parliaments passed laws improving the status of indentured servants.

A. of a declining birthrate in England.

44. The Boston Massacre A. was transformed by some colonists into a symbol of British oppression. B. resulted in the death of several British soldiers. C. led to Paul Revere's midnight ride of warning. D. included a trial in which British soldiers were convicted of murder. E. turned Paul Revere into a martyr for the cause of colonial independence.

A. was transformed by some colonists into a symbol of British oppression.

2. In 1786, Alexander Hamilton found an important ally in his push for a stronger central government in A. Thomas Jefferson. B. James Madison. C. George Washington. D. Benjamin Franklin. E. Thomas Paine.

B. James Madison.

14. Under the "checks and balances" system of the Constitution of 1787, federal judges A. were appointed by Congress. B. served for life. C. were elected by state legislatures. D. could not reverse state court rulings. E. served at the pleasure of the executive.

B. served for life.

23. The seventeenth-century tobacco economy of the Chesapeake region A. was concentrated on many small farms with few slaves. B. went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles. C. often saw production not meet demand. D. saw planters cut back on production as a way of raising prices. E. saw prices rise steadily throughout the period.

B. went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles.

13. James Madison's ideas regarding republican government A. were drawn from the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu. B. reflected his fear that a large republic was more likely to result in tyranny. C. assumed that political factions would help in preventing tyranny. D. suggested that the state governments were ultimately sovereign. E. All the answers are correct.

C. assumed that political factions would help in preventing tyranny.

47. Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had the power to A. regulate trade. B. draft troops. C. borrow and issue money. D. levy direct taxes on the people. E. override state laws.

C. borrow and issue money.

42. Colonial protests against the Townshend Duties resulted in A. the Boston Massacre. B. Parliament passing a second Stamp Act. C. an increase in smuggling in port cities such as Boston. D. many colonists joining in nonimportation agreements. E. the Boston Tea Party.

D. many colonists joining in nonimportation agreements.

16. In early 1778, France A. refused to recognize the United States as a sovereign nation. B. expelled the colonies' diplomats, including Benjamin Franklin, from Paris. C. agreed to give the Americans money and supplies but withheld its soldiers. D. declared war on both England and Spain. E. worried that the United States would quit the war against the British

E. worried that the United States would quit the war against the British.

9. Which of the following took place during the first phase (1775-76) of the Revolutionary War? A. British troops evacuated Boston. B. American troops captured Quebec. C. The British won a significant victory in North Carolina. D. American troops took Nova Scotia. E. British troops under William Howe captured Philadelphia.

A. British troops evacuated Boston.

36. Opponents of Alexander Hamilton's proposed national bank argued A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank. B. a national bank would lead to currency inflation. C. a national bank would lead to rampant speculation. D. Congress had no authority to create a national bank, and a national bank would lead to currency inflation. E. a national bank would lead to currency inflation and rampant speculation.

A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank.

23. Which of the following statements regarding General Nathaniel Greene is FALSE? A. He led American forces to victory in the battle at Yorktown. B. He divided his forces into fast-moving contingents to confuse and exasperate Cornwallis. C. He was one of the most effective commanders in the American army. D. He replaced Horatio Gates as commander of the southern forces in the Continental army. E. He was forced to withdraw at Guildford Court House after inflicting heavy losses.

A. He led American forces to victory in the battle at Yorktown.

9. During the eighteenth century, in North America, the most powerful native group were the A. Iroquois. B. Cherokee. C. Seminole. D. Chickasaw. E. Sioux.

A. Iroquois.

35. Who among the following took the lead in protesting against the Stamp Act? A. Patrick Henry B. Ben Franklin C. Samuel Adams D. Thomas Jefferson E. George Mason

A. Patrick Henry

46. By the 1770s, the two largest port cities in colonial North America were A. Philadelphia and New York. B. Boston and Newport. C. Philadelphia and Charleston. D. New York and Boston. E. Boston and Charleston.

A. Philadelphia and New York.

45. The leading colonial figure in the Boston Massacre was A. Samuel Adams. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Patrick Henry. D. James Otis. E. George Mason.

A. Samuel Adams.

54. Who described the election of 1800 as the "Revolution of 1800"? A. Thomas Jefferson B. Alexander Hamilton C. John Adams D. James Madison E. George Washington

A. Thomas Jefferson

48. The election of 1796 saw A. a Federalist president and a Republican vice-president take office. B. the Republicans win the presidency for the first time. C. the House of Representatives determine the presidential victor. D. the Federalists reach their height of power and unity. E. John Adams become president on the Republican ticket.

A. a Federalist president and a Republican vice-president take office.

11. During the second phase (1776-78) of the American Revolution, British military efforts were hampered by A. a series of tactical blunders and misfortunes. B. a severe shortage of new soldiers coming from England. C. an American blockade of British ships. D. the American capture of the commanding British general. E. American alliances with Native American tribes in the region.

A. a series of tactical blunders and misfortunes.

20. The greatest complaint by opponents of the proposed Constitution of 1787 was the A. absence of a specific listing of personal liberties. B. omission of references to God. C. creation of a federal military. D. naming of the new federal district after Washington. E. failure to abolish slavery.

A. absence of a specific listing of personal liberties.

23. In the first national elections in 1789, A. all the presidential electors cast their votes for George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to be vice president. C. the presidential inauguration was held in Philadelphia. D. John Adams campaigned against George Washington. E. Anti-Federalists won a convincing majority in the Senate.

A. all the presidential electors cast their votes for George Washington.

48. In the eighteenth century, the English constitution was A. an unwritten document. B. difficult to change. C. unpopular in both England and America. D. believed to be holding back colonial expansion. E. All the answers are correct.

A. an unwritten document.

32. During the American Revolution, female "camp followers" A. assisted in the support of regular troops. B. played traditional female roles and were not involved in combat. C. served to maintain traditional gender distinctions. D. were prostitutes. E. often inadvertently betrayed the position of Washington's army.

A. assisted in the support of regular troops.

45. Jay's Treaty (1794) A. avoided a likely war with England. B. secured British compensation for recent attacks on American ships. C. led to the withdrawal of British forces posted on the American frontier. D. prompted England to send its first minister since the Revolution to the United States. E. recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth.

A. avoided a likely war with England.

29. Commerce in colonial America relied in large part on A. barter. B. paper currency. C. gold. D. silver. E. credit.

A. barter.

4. The Declaration of Independence A. borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents. B. was never formally approved by the Second Continental Congress. C. avoided making any direct criticism of the King. D. called for the formation of a two-party democracy. E. originally recommended that all slaves be freed.

A. borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents.

46. Under the Articles of Confederation, in 1777 there was a federal A. congress. B. judiciary. C. executive. D. bureaucracy. E. All the answers are correct.

A. congress.

60. At the time of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, General Thomas Gage, the commander of the British garrison in Boston, A. considered his army too small to act without reinforcements. B. was convinced that Americans would never actually dare to fight. C. arrested Sam Adams and John Hancock near Lexington. D. offered to resign his command to avoid war. E. believed the colonists' calls for independence were justified.

A. considered his army too small to act without reinforcements.

36. In colonial America, under English common law a married woman A. could not own property. B. had more legal rights than unmarried women. C. had legal authority over her children. D. could not earn wages greater than her husband. E. could only initiate divorce in case of adultery.

A. could not own property.

15. During the American Revolution, the Iroquois Confederacy officially A. declared its neutrality. B. allied itself with the colonists. C. allied itself with the British. D. refused to ally with either combatant until France entered the war. E. disbanded and withdrew to the west.

A. declared its neutrality.

48. Under the Articles of Confederation A. each state had one vote in Congress. B. all states had to approve any important measure. C. there could be no amendments to the Articles. D. no legislation could be passed without all states voting on the issue. E. the executive had the power to veto legislative decisions.

A. each state had one vote in Congress.

55. The 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers A. forced the Miami Indians into negotiations with the United States. B. saw the United States forces suffer a significant defeat. C. led the United States to temporarily evacuate from the Ohio Valley. D. resulted in the death of General Anthony Wayne. E. represented the last major military victory for Indians against the US.

A. forced the Miami Indians into negotiations with the United States.

50. The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) A. gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism. B. were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism. C. were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D. gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism, and were aggressively used by the Adams administration to that effect. E. were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism, until they were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

A. gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism.

8. At the start of the Revolution, American advantages over the British included a A. greater commitment to the war. B. larger number of troops. C. better equipped navy. D. more coherent military command structure. E. better relationship with Native American tribes.

A. greater commitment to the war.

5. Financing the Revolution was difficult for the American side because A. hard currency was scarce. B. the printing of paper money was illegal. C. foreign nations refused to loan money for its war effort. D. bonds were not yet in use. E. the colonists' wealth had all been kept in London.

A. hard currency was scarce.

3. All of the following were characteristics of the English indenture system EXCEPT A. most indentured servants received land upon completion of their contracts. B. contracts for indenture generally lasted four to five years. C. the presence of indentured servants was a source of social unrest. D. female indentured servants were typically not allowed to marry while under contract. E. female indentured servants constituted one-fourth of the total arrivals.

A. most indentured servants received land upon completion of their contracts.

42. During the 1780s, most state governments A. moved to limit popular power. B. were notable for their stability. C. found it difficult to revise their constitutions. D. remained strongly elitist. E. got rid of property requirements for voters.

A. moved to limit popular power.

38. In the Constitution, political parties were A. not mentioned. B. described as dangerous. C. encouraged. D. viewed as temporary factions. E. specifically proscribed.

A. not mentioned.

28. In the 1760s, the Grenville ministry increased its authority in the colonies by A. stationing regular British troops permanently in America. B. banning political meetings. C. closing the port of Boston. D. closing newspapers that criticized the English government. E. outlawing the Sons of Liberty.

A. stationing regular British troops permanently in America.

50. In the eighteenth century, under the English government's theory of representation A. the American colonies were represented in Parliament. B. each American colony was allowed one non-voting representative in Parliament. C. the American colonies had no claim to any political representation. D. the king spoke to Parliament on behalf of the American colonies. E. the American colonies were represented by the courts.

A. the American colonies were represented in Parliament.

26. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, A. the United States gained formal British recognition of American independence. B. Spain received Gibraltar from the English. C. the United States received all territory east of the Rocky Mountains. D. France received Canada from the English. E. England was forced to pay reparations to the new American nation.

A. the United States gained formal British recognition of American independence.

52. In the late 1790s, on the political scene, A. the United States was deeply and bitterly divided. B. the republican form of government had won over most skeptics. C. the power of the Republicans was declining. D. the United States had developed a clear two-party system. E. there was considerable agreement over most important foreign policy questions.

A. the United States was deeply and bitterly divided.

47. English and American supporters of the English constitution felt it correctly divided power between A. the monarchy, the aristocracy, and representative assemblies. B. England and the American colonies. C. the commercial and landholding classes on both sides of the ocean. D. Parliament and the monarchy. E. The monarchy, Parliament, and the courts.

A. the monarchy, the aristocracy, and representative assemblies.

40. For most Revolutionary American political thinkers, the concept of equality meant A. there should be equality of opportunity. B. there should be equality of rights regardless of race, sex, or property. C. there should be equality of condition. D. there should be equality of opportunity and of condition. E. there should be equality of rights and of condition.

A. there should be equality of opportunity.

10. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, for the purpose of political representation, slaves were classified as A. three-fifths of a free person. B. non-taxable. C. property. D. children. E. citizens.

A. three-fifths of a free person.

34. Alexander Hamilton's funding plan A. was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired. B. was supported by James Madison. C. was rejected by Congress. D. called for paying all bondholders only a fraction of the value of the bonds. E. called for dividing bonds between their original purchasers and speculators.

A. was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired.

28. As a result of the American Revolution, the Anglican Church in America was A. weakened. B. banned in most colonies. C. made the official religion of Virginia. D. praised by Patriots for its support of independence. E. tried for aiding and abetting the British

A. weakened.

62. The first newspaper in colonial America, Publick Occurrences, was published in 1690 in A. New York. B. Boston. C. Philadelphia. D. Baltimore. E. Charleston.

B. Boston.

22. Which of the following was the scene of a substantial British victory in the final phase (1778-81) of the American Revolution? A. Cowpens B. Charleston C. Yorktown D. Guilford Court House E. Saratoga

B. Charleston

21. The first state to ratify the Constitution in 1787 was A. New Hampshire. B. Delaware. C. Connecticut. D. New Jersey. E. Rhode Island.

B. Delaware.

14. The British military campaigns of 1777 saw A. General William Howe stay in camp when he was supposed to have moved south. B. General John Burgoyne suffer a major defeat at Saratoga. C. a major American victory at Philadelphia. D. the British surround and lay siege to George Washington's army at Valley Forge. E. the British retake Boston and set it afire.

B. General John Burgoyne suffer a major defeat at Saratoga.

45. In the 1780s, which statement about slavery in America was TRUE? A. In no state was it illegal. B. Many southern states prohibited the importation of slaves from abroad. C. Although a slaveholder, George Washington became an outspoken critic of slavery. D. The strongest forces against slavery were found in the western colonies. E. Many whites believed blacks should be integrated into American society as equals.

B. Many southern states prohibited the importation of slaves from abroad.

42. In America, the French Revolution was generally praised by A. Federalists. B. Republicans. C. Federalists and Republicans. D. Indians and slaves. E. no one.

B. Republicans.

2. Published in January 1776, Common Sense was written by A. Thomas Jefferson. B. Tom Paine. C. James Madison. D. Ben Franklin. E. James Otis.

B. Tom Paine.

6. The Virginia Plan called for A. retaining the Articles of Confederation with the addition of a national executive. B. a two-tier national legislature. C. combining the three smallest states into one large state. D. a Senate in which each state would have two members. E. an end to the slave trade and gradual emancipation.

B. a two-tier national legislature.

19. In the final phase (1778-81) of the American Revolution, the British A. mounted its largest military assault against the Continental Army. B. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists. C. made a focused effort to win public support in the northern colonies. D. concentrated its efforts on capturing individual Patriots. E. began a policy of "total war" that resulted in several cities being burned to the ground.

B. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists.

27. In the 1790s, those who were labeled Republicans envisioned developing a nation that would A. be highly commercial and urban. B. be largely agricultural and rural. C. be a leading world power. D. eventually control most of North America. E. eventually grant political rights to women and minorities as well as white men.

B. be largely agricultural and rural.

44. The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty of 1786 A. was written by James Madison. B. called for a complete separation of church and state. C. gave all religious denominations special privileges within the state. D. only applied to Christian denominations. E. All the answers are correct.

B. called for a complete separation of church and state.

46. In the 1760s, "country Whigs" were English colonists who A. feared the political protests would damage the long-term profits of America. B. considered the British government to be corrupt and oppressive. C. defended the British imperial system. D. called on King George III to more firmly assert his authority. E. believed the political philosophy of John Locke gave too much power to the king.

B. considered the British government to be corrupt and oppressive.

41. During the 1780s, in every new state constitution A. state legislatures were to be chosen by a direct popular vote. B. governors were prevented from holding a seat in the legislature. C. property requirements for voting were relaxed or eliminated. D. women were denied the right to vote. E. governors were given the authority to tax.

B. governors were prevented from holding a seat in the legislature.

43. In 1780, Massachusetts sought to revise the power of the governor by A. allowing the legislature to set his salary. B. having him elected directly by the people. C. taking away his authority to veto legislation. D. permitting him to sit in the legislature. E. granting him the power to tax

B. having him elected directly by the people.

49. Under the English constitution during the eighteenth century, A. only American colonists were denied direct representation in Parliament. B. large areas of England had no direct political representation. C. all seats in American colonial assemblies were appointed. D. each member of Parliament represented a particular geographic area. E. the empire was made up of a federation of commonwealths.

B. large areas of England had no direct political representation.

24. Nine of the first ten amendments to the Constitution placed limits on the A. states. B. new government. C. rights of individuals. D. courts. E. presidential cabinet.

B. new government.

12. At the Philadelphia convention, James Madison argued that the ultimate authority of the federal government came from the A. individual states. B. people. C. Congress. D. Constitution. E. rule of law.

B. people.

55. Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party by A. withdrawing its military protection of Massachusetts. B. reducing the powers of self-government in Massachusetts. C. reducing the geographic size of the colony. D. threatening to launch a war against the Massachusetts militia. E. repealing the Tea Act.

B. reducing the powers of self-government in Massachusetts.

16. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 recommended the document be ratified by A. a direct vote of the people. B. special state ratifying conventions. C. another national convention. D. state legislatures. E. the Confederation Congress.

B. special state ratifying conventions.

10. In the Battle of Bunker Hill, A. the Patriots suffered light casualties and won the battle. B. the British suffered heavy casualties. C. Benedict Arnold was wounded. D. the British surrendered their main forces to the Patriots. E. the Patriots refused to withdraw and were all killed.

B. the British suffered heavy casualties.

25. According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court was to be A. composed of nine members. B. the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws. C. directly elected by the people. D. composed of nine members and the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws. E. composed of nine members and directly elected by the people.

B. the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws.

51. Taverns were important in the growth of revolutionary sentiment because A. they were the only public places where one could legally speak without fear of arrest. B. they become central meeting places to discuss ideas about resistance. C. it was one of the few places where men and women gathered together to speak. D. colonists increasingly resented the heavy British duties on alcohol. E. All the answers are correct.

B. they become central meeting places to discuss ideas about resistance.

39. The Declaratory Act of 1766 A. caused renewed protests throughout the colonies. B. was a sweeping assertion of Parliament's authority over the colonies. C. threatened the colonies with military action should future protests develop. D. was an attempt by outgoing minister George Grenville to save face. E. All the answers are correct.

B. was a sweeping assertion of Parliament's authority over the colonies.

53. The presidential campaign in 1800 A. saw the Republicans win a decisive victory over the Federalists. B. was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates. C. saw leading Federalists in Congress attempt to engineer the election of Aaron Burr. D. was decided by a newly elected Republican Congress. E. was further complicated by the emergence of a third party, the Whigs.

B. was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates.

40. The Mutiny (or Quartering) Act of 1765 A. required colonists to evacuate their farms to occupying British soldiers. B. was regarded by objecting colonists as a form of taxation without consent. C. resulted in the killing of several British soldiers by colonists. D. allowed British officers to force colonists into military service for England. E. declared that all ships in the colonial navy must have a British officer on board.

B. was regarded by objecting colonists as a form of taxation without consent.

29. During the American Revolution, enslaved African Americans in the colonies A. joined the British army in large numbers to fight against their American masters. B. were assisted by the British to escape as a way to disrupt the American war effort. C. were offered their freedom by Americans if they fought against the British. D. tried to help Loyalists escape to Canada in exchange for their freedom. E. were not significantly affected by the conflict.

B. were assisted by the British to escape as a way to disrupt the American war effort.

1. In 1775, as conflicts with England intensified, American colonists A. made extensive efforts to prepare themselves for war. B. were deeply divided about what they were fighting for. C. believed England was not willing to engage in military operations against them. D. saw their larger population as a key advantage over England. E. considered arming slaves to help build up the colonial army.

B. were deeply divided about what they were fighting for.

18. Who among the following was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers? A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Mason E. Samuel Adams

C. Alexander Hamilton

20. According to the terms of the Peace of Paris of 1763, A. France surrendered New Orleans to the British. B. England acquired all French naval vessels docked in North American ports. C. France ceded all of its claims to land west of the Mississippi River to Spain. D. France agreed to pay England for the cost of the war. E. France ceded its Caribbean colonies to England.

C. France ceded all of its claims to land west of the Mississippi River to Spain.

12. When George Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night, 1776, he was intent on surprising A. American Loyalists. B. Indians. C. Hessians. D. British regulars. E. William Howe.

C. Hessians.

43. In 1770, the Townsend Duties were ended by A. Charles Townsend. B. the Marquis of Rockingham. C. Lord North. D. George III. E. Lord Chatham

C. Lord North.

57. Which of the following statements regarding the Coercive Acts is TRUE? A. Massachusetts became politically isolated from the other colonies. B. Colonial boycotts decreased. C. Massachusetts became a martyr in the cause of resistance. D. The Acts had little practical effect on the Massachusetts colony. E. The Acts were basically ignored by other colonial legislatures.

C. Massachusetts became a martyr in the cause of resistance.

31. Which of the following statements regarding the American Revolution and Native Americans is FALSE? A. The outcome of the war largely weakened the position of Indians. B. Indians generally had better relations with the British than the Americans. C. Most Indian tribes ultimately chose to fight on the side of the British. D. American Patriots had generally tried to persuade Indians to be neutral in the war. E. Some Indians took advantage of the conflict to launch attacks of their own.

C. Most Indian tribes ultimately chose to fight on the side of the British.

3. Which event, more than any other, convinced George Washington that the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised? A. the Spanish threat to take New Orleans B. the British refusal to evacuate the forts of the Northwest C. Shays's Rebellion D. the Whiskey Rebellion E. the Battle of Fallen Timbers

C. Shays's Rebellion

46. Pinckney's Treaty (1795) was negotiated between the United States and A. Great Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. the Netherlands. E. the Iroquois Confederacy.

C. Spain.

57. As leaders of a tax rebellion the 1780s, Daniel Shays and his supporters demanded A. the nation's capital be moved to New England. B. an end to paper currency. C. a moratorium on debt collection. D. renewed trade agreements with England. E. the right to vote for all white men, regardless of property holdings.

C. a moratorium on debt collection.

33. Alexander Hamilton recommended that the federal government raise revenue through A. an import tax and a personal income tax. B. a sales tax and a property tax. C. an excise tax and an import tax. D. an excise tax and a sales tax. E. a sales tax and a personal income tax.

C. an excise tax and an import tax.

17. After the Battle of Saratoga, British Prime Minister Lord North responded to the colonies with A. an offer of a British surrender if the Americans would remain part of the empire. B. an offer to return to the pre-1763 British policies if the colonies would quit the war. C. an offer of complete colonial home rule within the empire if they would quit the war. D. a threat to destroy all American forces if they refused to negotiate a peace treaty. E. a threat to foment a slave rebellion in the South if the American forces did not quit the war.

C. an offer of complete colonial home rule within the empire if they would quit the war.

36. The "Virginia Resolves" stated that A. Virginians should not be required to pay taxes. B. the English government had no authority over the economic activities of Virginians. C. anyone who supported the right of Parliament to tax was an enemy of the colony. D. independence from England was the only solution to the tax crisis. E. Virginia must do its part to reimburse England for the cost of colonial defense.

C. anyone who supported the right of Parliament to tax was an enemy of the colony.

39. The emergence of an alternative political organization to the Federalists was prompted by a A. dispute over President Washington's policies for westward expansion. B. fear that the Federalists were attempting to end free elections. C. belief that the power of the central government needed to be restrained. D. a growing debate over the national bank. E. fear that George Washington would try to run for a third term.

C. belief that the power of the central government needed to be restrained.

6. The war effort by American colonists would be financed primarily by A. spending hard currency. B. printing paper money. C. borrowing from abroad. D. selling bonds. E. melting down jewelry into specie.

C. borrowing from abroad.

49. The Articles of Confederation were adopted when states gave up their A. power to regulate trade. B. power to make war. C. claims to western lands. D. right to levy their own taxes. E. plans for emancipation.

C. claims to western lands.

11. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the A. agreement that half of all future states would allow slavery. B. strengthened fugitive slave provision. C. continuation of the slave trade for twenty years. D. guarantee of the permanent continuation of slavery where it existed. E. denial of suffrage to free black men.

C. continuation of the slave trade for twenty years.

34. In 1776, Abigail Adams was an advocate for A. full gender equality in the new postwar nation. B. a woman's right to vote. C. new protections against abusive and tyrannical men. D. support for impoverished war widows. E. temperance.

C. new protections against abusive and tyrannical men.

61. The events of Lexington and Concord A. saw the colonists try to surprise the British by seizing a British arsenal. B. saw the Americans lose many more men than the British. C. occurred before there was a formal American declaration of independence. D. was the first victory for George Washington in the conflict with England. E. further alienated Massachusetts from the more moderate colonies in the Chesapeake.

C. occurred before there was a formal American declaration of independence.

9. The achievement of the "Great Compromise" of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was its resolution of the problem regarding A. women and voting. B. the definition of citizenship. C. political representation. D. states versus federal authority. E. expansion of slavery into the territories

C. political representation.

44. In reference to Indians living in the United States, the Constitution A. made no mention of Indian nations. B. stated Indian tribes were entitled to direct representation in the federal government. C. required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation. D. declared Congress had no legal right to regulate commerce with Indian tribes. E. had defined a precise legal standing for Indians and Indian nations.

C. required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation.

54. In the early 1790s, the efforts of Little Turtle represented an attempt by Indians to A. accommodate white settlers. B. maintain their lands given through treaties. C. resist white expansion by military force. D. negotiate the sale of Indian lands. E. encourage England to mediate a settlement between Indians and the new nation.

C. resist white expansion by military force.

20. As the fighting in the final phase (1778-81) of the American Revolution carried into communities previously isolated from the war, A. local criticism of Patriots increased. B. American armies engaged in more large, open-field battles. C. support for independence greatly increased. D. large segments of the American population became war refugees. E. more Loyalists began actively helping the British.

C. support for independence greatly increased.

31. As Treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton A. wanted to eliminate the national debt. B. opposed the federal government's assumption of state debts. C. supported the creation of a national bank. D. encouraged the federal government to focus on the needs of the independent farmer. E. All the answers are correct.

C. supported the creation of a national bank.

18. Which of the following nations opposed England during the American Revolution? A. Belgium B. Canada C. the Netherlands D. Portugal E. Sweden

C. the Netherlands

41. During the 1790s, regional support in the United States for Federalists was greatest in the A. the rural Deep South. B. the rural Far West. C. the Northeast. D. the Southwest. E. the mid-Atlantic region.

C. the Northeast.

38. Post-Revolution American trade commerce was strengthened by A. favorable trade agreements with England. B. an English desire to protect American vessels. C. the closing of British ports to American trade. D. British abandonment of impressments. E. the flood of immigration after the war.

C. the closing of British ports to American trade.

5. At the start of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 the delegates agreed that A. their proceeding would be open to the public. B. states would have proportional voting based on each state's population. C. the country needed a stronger central government. D. slavery should have to be preserved within the United States. E. the country needed a stronger army to prevent further popular uprisings.

C. the country needed a stronger central government.

28. Federalists controlled the new government under the Constitution for its first A. four years. B. eight years. C. twelve years. D. sixteen years. E. twenty years.

C. twelve years.

59. In 1775, the Conciliatory Propositions A. called on Parliament to reduce taxes for the sake of colonial peace. B. saw Parliament agree to the terms of the First Continental Congress. C. was an appeal by the British government to colonial moderates. D. temporarily reduced tensions in the colonies. E. forced Parliament to send more troops to Boston.

C. was an appeal by the British government to colonial moderates.

55. The Judiciary Act of 1801 A. was passed by the new Republican Congress. B. increased the size of the Supreme Court by two seats. C. was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts. D. resulted in the Federalists losing control of the judiciary. E. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

C. was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts.

53. The colonial boycott of tea in 1773 A. was based on colonists' anger at having to pay a new tax. B. involved relatively small numbers of people. C. was led by women, who were the primary consumers of tea. D. had little financial effect on England. E. resulted in the arrest of the Daughters of Liberty.

C. was led by women, who were the primary consumers of tea.

27. The Proclamation of 1763 A. disrupted England's western trade in the colonies. B. was generally effective. C. was supported by many Indian tribes. D. encouraged settlement of the western edge of the colonies. E. led to renewed conflict with the remaining French colonists in the west.

C. was supported by many Indian tribes.

30. The dominant figure of George Washington's administration was A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Henry Knox. D. Alexander Hamilton. E. Aaron Burr.

D. Alexander Hamilton.

13. Among the following, who was NOT a British general during the American Revolution? A. Thomas Gage B. William Howe C. John Burgoyne D. Horatio Gates E. Barry St. Leger

D. Horatio Gates

40. The two preeminent Republicans of the 1790s were A. Alexander Hamilton and James Monroe. B. John Adams and James Madison. C. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. D. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. E. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.

D. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

22. Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution of 1787 under the assumption that A. a provision would be added allowing for the direct election of presidents. B. Thomas Jefferson would become the first president. C. there would be a ban on the importation of slaves. D. a bill of rights would be added later in the form of amendments. E. it would not be ratified by enough other states to become binding.

D. a bill of rights would be added later in the form of amendments.

24. The battle at Yorktown involved A. the most bloody battle of the war. B. the suicide of the commanding British general. C. evidence that the British were executing prisoners of war. D. a combined French and American army and navy. E. treachery on the part of Benedict Arnold.

D. a combined French and American army and navy.

35. The prominent eighteenth-century essayist Judith Sargent Murray placed her greatest emphasis on the right of women to A. vote. B. own property. C. divorce. D. an education. E. serve in combat.

D. an education.

54. The Boston Tea Party of December 1773 A. triggered acts of resistance in other colonial cities. B. took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea. C. shocked the other colonies into isolating Massachusetts. D. both triggered acts of resistance in other colonial cities and took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea. E. both took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea and shocked the other colonies into isolating Massachusetts.

D. both triggered acts of resistance in other colonial cities and took place after Bostonians failed to turn away ships laden with tea.

27. During the American Revolution, Loyalists A. were forced to leave the colonies soon after the war began. B. were nearly all office holders in the English government. C. were forbidden by the Patriots to move to England until the war had ended. D. constituted perhaps as many as one-third of the white colonial population. E. freed their slaves to help augment British forces in the colonies.

D. constituted perhaps as many as one-third of the white colonial population.

58. One effect of Shays's Rebellion was it A. temporarily brought a halt to the new American government. B. led the federal government to adopt the gold standard. C. led to the downfall of the state government in Massachusetts. D. contributed to the growing belief the national government needed reform. E. encouraged Massachusetts to adopt gradual emancipation.

D. contributed to the growing belief the national government needed reform.

7. The New Jersey Plan A. proposed a legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate. B. was chosen by the convention delegates to replace the Virginia Plan. C. had the general support of the larger states. D. expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress. E. was proposed by delegate Edmund Randolph.

D. expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress.

37. British official Thomas Hutchinson A. was an early and outspoken supporter of the Stamp Act. B. called for suppression of colonial demonstrations. C. was murdered during colonial protests against the Stamp Act. D. had his home ransacked by anti-Stamp Act demonstrators. E. signed his name to the "Virginia Resolves" to support the colonists' position.

D. had his home ransacked by anti-Stamp Act demonstrators.

35. Alexander Hamilton's plan for the federal government to assume state debts was passed by Congress after a deal was made to A. give a pay increase to government employees. B. appoint key Jefferson allies to the Washington administration. C. create two new states in the West. D. locate the nation's capital between Virginia and Maryland. E. eliminate the national bank.

D. locate the nation's capital between Virginia and Maryland.

50. Shortly after signing the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the British government A. evacuated its forts in America. B. made restitution to slaveholders for slaves the British army had freed during the war. C. attempted to purchase Florida. D. restricted American access to British markets. E. declared war on Spain to take its New World colonies away.

D. restricted American access to British markets.

19. The "Antifederalists" A. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution. B. feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers. C. feared that the government too much favored common people over the "well-born." D. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers. E. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the government too much favored common people over the "well-born."

D. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers.

1. By the late 1780s, dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation included a belief that the national government A. had grown too powerful. B. was too closely tied to England. C. was pushing America into another war with England. D. was ineffective. E. had sold too much western land to speculators.

D. was ineffective.

51. In 1786, a treaty negotiated between the United States and Spain A. secured complete American access to the Mississippi River. B. was strongly opposed by the New England states. C. gave the United States control of Florida as a territory. D. was never ratified by Congress, thus weakening the nation's global prestige. E. gave the United States control of Texas.

D. was never ratified by Congress, thus weakening the nation's global prestige.

32. Under Alexander Hamilton's plan, a new national bank would A. be capitalized largely by private investors. B. facilitate the collection of taxes. C. provide loans to private businesses. D. act as a storehouse for federal deposits. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

47. Pinckney's Treaty (1795) gave the United States A. the right to navigate the Mississippi River to its mouth. B. the freedom to use the port at New Orleans. C. a desired fixed northern boundary of Florida. D. assurances that Indians in Florida would be prevented from launching northern raids. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

52. The Tea Act of 1773 A. followed a few years of relative calm between England and the American colonies. B. lowered the price of tea for American colonists. C. was intended to benefit a private British company. D. provided no new tax on tea. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

53. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A. created a single territory out of the lands north of Ohio. B. guaranteed freedom of religion throughout the affected areas. C. prohibited slavery within the affected areas. D. abandoned the system created in the 1784 Ordinance. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

21. Which of the following statements regarding Benedict Arnold is FALSE? A. Arnold was an American military hero early in the war. B. During the war, Arnold grew convinced the American cause was hopeless. C. Arnold conspired with the British to betray a Patriot stronghold at West Point, New York. D. Arnold had previously foiled the advance of Barry St. Leger into the Mohawk Valley. E. Arnold spent the last years of the Revolution as a prisoner of war.

E. Arnold spent the last years of the Revolution as a prisoner of war.

25. The principal Americans who negotiated the peace terms with the British were A. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. B. Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, and John Adams. C. John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, and Samuel Huntington. D. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. E. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay.

E. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay.

8. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 came close to A. abolishing slavery. B. granting citizenship to slaves. C. granting suffrage for free black males. D. abolishing slavery and granting citizenship to slaves. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

30. Following the American Revolution, the first state to make slavery illegal was A. New York. B. New Hampshire. C. South Carolina. D. Rhode Island. E. Pennsylvania.

E. Pennsylvania.

43. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw A. the federal government conduct itself much as it did during Shays's Rebellion. B. violent clashes between urban merchants and American troops. C. a briefly successful move by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union. D. a failed attempt by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union. E. President Washington accompany thousands of troops into the field.

E. President Washington accompany thousands of troops into the field.

17. In the debate over the Constitution of 1787, Antifederalist opponents to the document A. were better organized. B. had the support of George Washington. C. feared that poorly educated men would be elected to prominent political offices. D. believed the new government was not strong enough to maintain order. E. argued that the Constitution would weaken the states.

E. argued that the Constitution would weaken the states.

29. As president, George Washington A. had never envisioned a strong central government. B. considered it his duty to resolve political controversies. C. sought to dominate national politics. D. grew concerned that the federal government was gaining too much power. E. avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress.

E. avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress.

58. In 1774, the First Continental Congress A. accepted a plan for a colonial union under British authority. B. proposed that the colonies tax themselves at Parliament's demand. C. agreed to end colonial boycotts of British trade. D. issued an order for the arrest of all colonists loyal to the King. E. called for the repeal of all oppressive legislation passed since 1763.

E. called for the repeal of all oppressive legislation passed since 1763.

3. The author of Common Sense A. sought to concentrate colonial anger on unpopular parliamentary measures. B. was an American who had never been to England. C. sold very few copies of his pamphlet until after the war was won. D. was arrested by British officials and charged with treason. E. considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists.

E. considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists.

39. In the thinking of most American political leaders, the success of their new republican governments depended on A. a strong defense of civil liberties. B. the development of industries. C. westward expansion. D. the creation of a strong military. E. independent landowners

E. independent landowners.

33. In regards to the status of women, the effect of the American Revolution A. was minimal and short-term. B. was to dismantle the patriarchal legal system. C. was to end the traditional cultural concepts of the female role in society. D. generally weakened the position of women in society. E. led some women to question their position in society.

E. led some women to question their position in society.

56. The 1795 Treaty of Greenville A. allowed the Miami Indians navigation rights to the Mississippi. B. compelled the Miami Indians to move out of the Ohio Valley. C. was never signed by any Indian leaders. D. removed all restrictions to white settlement of the Ohio Valley. E. led the United States to recognize the sovereignty of Indian nations

E. led the United States to recognize the sovereignty of Indian nations.

49. The "XYZ Affair" A. involved foreign interference in an American presidential election. B. involved secret foreign treaties with nearby Indian nations. C. increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain. D. was prompted by a feud between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. E. led to an undeclared war between the United States and France.

E. led to an undeclared war between the United States and France.

37. Following the American Revolution, as the Republic took shape in the 1780s, greater social importance was attached to women in the role of A. wives. B. feminists. C. citizens. D. nurses. E. mothers.

E. mothers.

52. The Ordinances of 1784 and 1785 represented an attempt to A. eliminate slavery in the western states. B. compromise on the question of slavery expanding into the territories. C. enhance the power of the central government. D. gain redress from the English at the expense of Native Americans. E. provide for the admission of new states into the union.

E. provide for the admission of new states into the union.

38. In 1766, in response to colonial protests against the Stamp Act, the British government A. closed the port of Boston. B. attempted to arrest the authors of the "Virginia Resolves." C. created the Currency Act. D. sent additional troops to the colonies. E. rescinded the Stamp Act.

E. rescinded the Stamp Act.

37. The most sustained opposition to Alexander Hamilton's economic program came from A. creditors. B. manufacturers. C. urban wealthy. D. Federalists. E. small farmers.

E. small farmers.

51. In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it was asserted that A. the Republicans had betrayed the spirit of the Constitution. B. the federal government had the right to void state laws. C. the Supreme Court had no constitutional authority to invalidate federal laws. D. the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was unjust. E. states had the right to nullify federal laws.

E. states had the right to nullify federal laws.

7. As commander of the Continental Army, George Washington A. had no shortage of Americans willing to volunteer to fight the British. B. had no previous actual military experience. C. was an early critic of independence. D. saw Congress leave all important military decisions up to his judgment. E. was admired, respected, and trusted by nearly all Patriots.

E. was admired, respected, and trusted by nearly all Patriots.

41. The Townshend Duties of 1767 A. constituted a form of taxation quite similar to the Stamp Act. B. were ultimately ratified by the New York Assembly. C. drew no immediate objection from the colonists. D. were withdrawn before they took effect. E. were taxes on what were called external transactions.

E. were taxes on what were called external transactions.

4. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 A. did not fear concentrated government power. B. welcomed the possibilities of direct democracy. C. were suspicious of wealthy property owners. D. well represented the diversity of the national population. E. were well educated by the standards of their time.

E. were well educated by the standards of their time.

14. What future American revolutionary figure surrendered to French forces in 1754 at Fort Necessity in the Ohio Valley? A. George Washington B. Patrick Henry C. James Madison D. Benedict Arnold E. John Adams

A. George Washington

63. Which statement regarding colonial higher education is TRUE? A. Most colleges were founded by religious groups. B. Colonists placed a low value on any formal education. C. Parliament regulated the establishment of American colleges. D. Most colonial colleges accepted female students. E. Most colonial leaders after 1700 went abroad to study.

A. Most colleges were founded by religious groups.

17. During the seventeenth century, the Royal African Company of England A. deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies. B. lowered the prices for slaves to increase their sale in the North American colonies. C. sent the majority of its enslaved Africans directly to the Chesapeake colonies. D. would only ship adult African men in the slave trade. E. stopped importing slaves directly from Africa.

A. deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies.

31. The Paxton Boys and the Regulators both A. demanded tax relief. B. feared violence from western farmers. C. demanded independence from England. D. sought to increase the authority of local colonial governments. E. demanded the redistribution of the land making up the former French colonies.

A. demanded tax relief.

4. By the 1750s, American colonial assemblies A. exercised a significant degree of authority to levy taxes. B. existed only to implement the policies of the English Parliament. C. felt little loyalty to the English government. D. consisted of colonists all approved by royal governors. E. were petitioning the king to charter new colonies to the west.

A. exercised a significant degree of authority to levy taxes.

20. In comparing the colonial societies of Spanish America and English America, people of mixed races A. had a higher status than pure Africans in Spanish America. B. had a higher status than pure Africans in English America. C. had a lower status than pure Africans in Spanish America. D. had a higher status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America. E. had a lower status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America.

A. had a higher status than pure Africans in Spanish America.

57. A leading figure of the Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards preached A. highly orthodox Puritan ideas. B. the possibility of easy salvation. C. that women should join the ministry. D. that the ideas of predestination were outmoded for the times. E. salvation through good works.

A. highly orthodox Puritan ideas.

14. In colonial New England Puritan communities, the family was A. highly valued. B. expected to be under the authority of women. C. marked by relatively loose parental supervision. D. both highly valued and expected to be under the authority of women. E. neither highly valued nor expected to be under the authority of women.

A. highly valued.

65. The verdict of the 1735 libel trial of New York publisher John Peter Zenger A. increased freedom of the press in the colonies. B. restricted the ability of the press to report on government affairs. C. resulted in the closure of several colonial newspapers. D. ruled that criticisms by the press, even if factually accurate, were libelous. E. banned all printed attacks on the King or Parliament in the colonies.

A. increased freedom of the press in the colonies.

22. Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War, A. many colonists resented England's interference in their local affairs. B. colonial expansion westward rapidly progressed. C. many colonists began to call for full independence from England. D. the economy of several American colonies was in ruins. E. the British and Iroquois renewed their alliance.

A. many colonists resented England's interference in their local affairs.

19. In English North American colonies, the application of slave codes was based on race and A. nothing more. B. religion. C. laboring skills. D. origin of birth. E. economic status.

A. nothing more.

13. In the aftermath of King George's War A. relations between the English, French, and Iroquois deteriorated. B. the French moved out of the Ohio Valley. C. the Iroquois decided not to grant any future trade concessions to the English. D. military activity west of England's North American colonies steadily declined. E. the English abandoned many of their fortresses in the interior.

A. relations between the English, French, and Iroquois deteriorated.

51. In the English colonies, Roman Catholics A. suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland. B. made up a large minority population of most colonies. C. were officially illegal. D. were generally well treated. E. suffered their greatest persecution in the Carolinas.

A. suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland.

24. Rice production in colonial America A. was very difficult and unhealthy work. B. relied largely on free white labor. C. was a new crop to most Africans. D. was found mostly in the Chesapeake colonies. E. mostly occurred in inland regions.

A. was very difficult and unhealthy work.

64. The first American college was A. Columbia. B. Harvard. C. Yale. D. William and Mary. E. Princeton.

B. Harvard.

1. In the years after the Glorious Revolution, political power in England increasingly shifted toward A. the monarchy. B. Parliament. C. the citizens. D. the Anglican Church. E. the colonial governors.

B. Parliament.

19. The beginning of the end of the American phase of the French and Indian War was marked by the French defeat at A. Montreal. B. Quebec. C. Ottawa. D. Louisbourg. E. Fort Necessity.

B. Quebec.

22. The largest contingent of immigrants during the colonial period were the A. French Huguenots. B. Scotch-Irish. C. Moravians and Mennonites. D. Irish Catholics. E. Palatinate Germans.

B. Scotch-Irish.

6. During the seventeenth century, English colonists in the Chesapeake saw A. women significantly outnumber men. B. a life expectancy for men of about forty years. C. few single adults. D. eight out of ten children dying in infancy. E. an increasingly unbalanced sex ratio.

B. a life expectancy for men of about forty years.

48. In the 1760s, the Revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because A. the majority of the population lived in urban areas. B. cities were the centers of intellectual information. C. rural populations had few grievances with the crown. D. city inhabitants tended to be rowdier than their rural counterparts. E. All the answers are correct.

B. cities were the centers of intellectual information.

3. During the first half of the eighteenth century, royal officials in America A. began to increase the presence of British troops in the colonies. B. contributed to England's overall lax control of the colonies. C. had no significant influence on colonial finances. D. were generally able and honest administrators. E. chose Philadelphia as the capital of the colonies.

B. contributed to England's overall lax control of the colonies.

12. King George's War A. inspired the American Revolution. B. failed to resolve European conflicts in North America. C. was a conflict between England and the Iroquois. D. saw English colonists remain out of the conflict. E. saw England acquire Newfoundland from the French.

B. failed to resolve European conflicts in North America.

23. For Indians in North America, British victory in the French and Indian War A. convinced many tribes to cease in their struggle against European expansion. B. had disastrous effects on their future. C. was cheered only by the Iroquois Confederacy. D. led to an improvement in relations with English colonists. E. encouraged tribes to join the Iroquois Confederacy.

B. had disastrous effects on their future.

8. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, medical practitioners A. became increasingly professionalized during this period. B. had little or no knowledge of sterilization. C. grew to understand the link between bacteria and infection. D. were nearly all males. E. rejected purging and bleeding as medical techniques.

B. had little or no knowledge of sterilization.

55. The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s A. began as a call for young men to become ministers. B. had particular appeal with women and young men. C. alienated traditional New England Puritans. D. failed to take root in southern colonies. E. helped to smooth differences within existing congregations.

B. had particular appeal with women and young men.

26. The first significant metals industry in the colonies was developed for the metal A. steel. B. iron. C. gold. D. silver. E. brass.

B. iron.

33. Many colonists believed the legislation passed by the Grenville ministry in 1764-1765 A. showed the British were committed to the long-term success of the colonies. B. meant the British were trying to take away their tradition of self-government. C. signified that the British finally understood the desires of the colonists. D. would have little long-term effect on the economy of the colonies. E. would lead to renewed hostilities with Indians in the west.

B. meant the British were trying to take away their tradition of self-government.

47. Class divisions in colonial North American cities were A. sharper than in corresponding European cities. B. more real and visible than in rural places. C. essentially nonexistent. D. weaker in the North than in the South. E. smoothed over by church and social registers.

B. more real and visible than in rural places.

42. "Primogeniture" refers to the A. right to vote. B. passing of property to the firstborn son. C. tending of a servant's indenture. D. arrangement of authority within New England assemblies. E. practice of granting land only to those assured of salvation.

B. passing of property to the firstborn son.

54. In the mid-1600s, New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of A. family. B. piety. C. community. D. freedom. E. tolerance.

B. piety.

30. The Stamp Act of 1765 A. established a royal postal system between the American colonies and England. B. required colonists to pay taxes on most printed documents. C. replaced the Sugar Act of 1764. D. proved to be ineffective as most colonies refused to accept it. E. cost the British government much more money than it made in revenues.

B. required colonists to pay taxes on most printed documents.

38. The Stono Rebellion A. led to the death of dozens of white Virginian colonists. B. saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony. C. led to the banning of the slave trade in Maryland. D. prompted Georgia to strengthen its laws on slavery. E. led planters to resume hiring indentured servants for their labor needs.

B. saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony.

45. The story of the witchcraft trials in Salem A. was unique in the history of colonial New England. B. saw the original accusers recant their charges. C. led to prison terms, but no executions. D. was evidence of a decline in religious fervor. E. almost resulted in the revocation of Massachusetts's charter.

B. saw the original accusers recant their charges.

33. Seventeenth-century southern plantations A. enabled planters to control their markets. B. tended to be rough and relatively small. C. used many more slaves than indentured servants. D. rarely saw the landowner do any manual labor. E. created few new wealthy landowners.

B. tended to be rough and relatively small.

16. During the first stage (1754-1756) of the French and Indian War, A. only the Iroquois Indians were allied with the French. B. the Iroquois were allied with the English but remained largely passive. C. English colonists fought with the support of the Iroquois. D. the colonists fought with the French against the English. E. the colonists fought primarily against the Iroquois.

B. the Iroquois were allied with the English but remained largely passive.

11. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 A. ended King William's War. B. transferred territory from the French to the English in North America. C. was a considerable victory for Spain in North America. D. slowed England's western expansion of its American colonies. E. transferred territory from the English to the French in the Caribbean.

B. transferred territory from the French to the English in North America.

7. By 1775, the non-Indian population of the English colonies was about A. one million. B. two million. C. four million. D. six million. E. eight million.

B. two million.

25. When George III assumed the throne of England, he A. was considered to have a brilliant mind for politics. B. was painfully immature. C. faced a full rebellion in the colonies. D. feared using the authority of his monarchy. E. mandated official recognition of the Church of England in all colonies.

B. was painfully immature.

11. Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake, New England women A. were more likely to become widows. B. were more likely to have their family remain intact. C. had fewer children. D. had much less legal authority in their marriages. E. lost their husbands earlier in life.

B. were more likely to have their family remain intact.

15. The first clash of the French and Indian War took place near what is now A. Detroit. B. Buffalo. C. Pittsburgh. D. St. Louis. E. Chicago

C. Pittsburgh.

50. The Church of England was the official faith in A. New Jersey. B. Massachusetts. C. Virginia. D. Connecticut. E. all of the colonies.

C. Virginia.

41. In Puritan New England, participation in town meetings was limited to A. all land-owning adults. B. "selectmen." C. adult males who were church members. D. all church members. E. land-owning males.

C. adult males who were church members.

60. After the Bible, the first widely circulated publications in colonial America were A. political pamphlets. B. hymnals. C. almanacs. D. historical writings. E. drinking songs.

C. almanacs.

10. Through the first half of the eighteenth century, the Iroquois Confederacy formed agreements and traded with A. only England. B. England, and then France. C. both France and England at the same time. D. only France. E. no European powers.

C. both France and England at the same time.

43. Over time, tensions in Puritan New England communities developed as a result of A. population growth. B. the practices of land inheritance. C. calls for gender equality. D. both population growth and the practices of land inheritance. E. both population growth and calls for gender equality.

C. calls for gender equality.

28. In the seventeenth century, most colonial families A. owned spinning wheels or looms. B. were self-sufficient. C. did not own a plow. D. grew and processed their own grain. E. used wagons to transfer goods to market

C. did not own a plow.

12. In colonial New England, A. strict parental control made premarital sexual relations almost nonexistent. B. choosing a spouse independent of a parent's wishes was common. C. dowries were a common feature of marriage. D. widows tended not to remarry. E. gender equality was reinforced by the prevailing culture.

C. dowries were a common feature of marriage.

16. The estimated total number of Africans forcibly brought to all of the Americas as slaves is A. four million. B. seven million. C. eleven million. D. nineteen million. E. twenty-six million

C. eleven million.

18. During the French and Indian War, British leader William Pitt A. ignored the complaints of colonists. B. gave more authority to conduct the war over to the colonists. C. gradually loosened his tight control over the colonists. D. barred the colonists from military service. F. allowed Indian tribal leaders to dictate British battle strategy.

C. gradually loosened his tight control over the colonists.

34. The Stamp Act of 1765 A. was consistent with traditional parliamentary efforts to regulate commerce. B. placed a heavy financial burden on American colonists. C. helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government. D. required the consent of the colonial assemblies before going into effect. E. really affected only a few New England merchants.

C. helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government.

31. By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence because of A. the abolishment of the British Navigation Acts. B. the development of a substantial colonial manufacturing industry. C. illegal colonial trade in markets outside of the British Empire. D. ready access to manufactured goods. E. All the answers are correct.

C. illegal colonial trade in markets outside of the British Empire.

1. Most seventeenth-century English migrants to the North American colonies were A. aristocrats. B. religious dissenters. C. laborers. D. commercial agents. E. landowners.

C. laborers.

30. In the "triangular trade" the North American colonies primarily contributed A. manufactured goods. B. sugar. C. raw materials. D. gold dust. E. slaves.

C. raw materials.

53. "Jeremiads" refer to A. a measurement of wealth. B. community experiments. C. sermons. D. witchcraft. E. town meetings.

C. sermons.

21. Throughout the French and Indian War, American colonists A. fought on the side of the French. B. accepted temporary new taxes to help finance the war. C. sold and traded food and other goods with the French. D. resented that they had to do more of the fighting than did the British regulars. E. saw British requisition and impressment policies as necessary.

C. sold and traded food and other goods with the French.

24. The French and Indian War in North America A. greatly enriched the English government's finances. B. began a period of almost continual warfare for England. C. suggested that increasing England's control over the colonies would not be easy. D. led England to conclude that its relationship with the colonies was strong. E. led England to conclude that the American colonies were not worth protecting.

C. suggested that increasing England's control over the colonies would not be easy.

7. The major participants in the Seven Years' War, in North America, were A. the colonists, the English, and the Spanish. B. the French, the colonists, and the Spanish. C. the Iroquois, the English, and the French. D. the French, the Spanish, and the English. E. the English, the Iroquois, and the Spanish.

C. the Iroquois, the English, and the French.

13. In colonial New England Puritan communities, women A. were not highly valued. B. were considered to be socially equal to males. C. were expected to be major contributors to the family. D. could not be official members of the church. E. were more likely to become pregnant before marriage than in the South.

C. were expected to be major contributors to the family.

8. During the eighteenth century, in North America, the French differed from the English in Indian relations in that the French A. offered the Indians more and better trading goods. B. largely isolated themselves from Indian tribes. C. were more tolerant of Indian cultures. D. made little effort to convert Indians to Christianity. E. forced Indians to adjust to European ways.

C. were more tolerant of Indian cultures.

56. George Whitefield is to be associated with the A. growth of American Catholicism. B. founding of the American Baptist Church. C. Quakers. D. Great Awakening. E. Enlightenment.

D. Great Awakening.

59. All of the following Americans made important contributions to Enlightenment thought EXCEPT A. James Madison. B. Benjamin Franklin. C. Thomas Jefferson. D. John Locke. E. Thomas Paine.

D. John Locke.

36. Which statement regarding the lives of slaves in colonial North America is TRUE? A. Most slaves worked as house servants. B. Whites rarely intruded upon the conventions of black society. C. Slaves had no opportunity develop their own society or culture. D. Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folklore. E. Slaves hardly ever resisted their masters.

D. Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folklore.

18. What statement regarding slavery in English North America in 1700 is FALSE? A. There were about 25,000 slaves in the colonies. B. Blacks outnumbered whites in some colonies. C. There were twice as many black men as black women. D. The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them. E. Blacks were heavily concentrated in a few southern colonies.

D. The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them.

10. In the seventeenth century, white women in colonial Chesapeake A. generally married later than in England. B. generally had a longer life expectancy than their husbands. C. rarely engaged in premarital sex. D. averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage. E. bore an average of four children apiece.

D. averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage.

32. During the eighteenth century, rising consumerism in the American colonies was encouraged by A. increasing class distinctions within society. B. the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement. C. increased access to consumer credit. D. both increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement. E. neither increasing class distinctions within society nor the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement.

D. both increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement.

6. As a result of the Seven Years' War, in North America, England A. confirmed its commercial supremacy. B. increased its political control of the settled regions. C. shifted its interest away from the Caribbean colonies. D. confirmed its commercial supremacy and increased its political control of the settled regions. E. confirmed its commercial supremacy and shifted its interest away from the Caribbean colonies.

D. confirmed its commercial supremacy and increased its political control of the settled regions.

2. In the seventeenth century, the great majority of English immigrants who came to the Chesapeake region were A. slaves. B. women. C. convicts. D. indentured servants. E. religious dissenters.

D. indentured servants.

37. In the North American colonies, mulatto children were A. regarded as white by the white society. B. rejected by the rest of the slave community. C. rarely produced. D. rarely recognized by their white fathers. E. freed at birth.

D. rarely recognized by their white fathers.

5. The proposed Albany Plan of 1754 A. was intended to give the colonies greater independence from royal authority. B. recognized the land rights of Indian tribes living within the colonies. C. was approved by the colonial assemblies but was vetoed by Parliament. D. revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other. E. attempted to create a united front with New France against Indian attacks.

D. revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other.

39. The most common form of resistance by enslaved Africans to their condition was A. arson. B. destruction of crops. C. running away. D. subtle defiance or evasion of their masters. E. poisoning of food.

D. subtle defiance or evasion of their masters.

61. The wide availability of reading material in colonial America was the result of A. colonial laws which protected freedom of speech in the printed word. B. high rates of men who attended college. C. the Stamp Act of 1765. D. the invention of the printing press in the early 1700s. E. high rates of male literacy.

D. the invention of the printing press in the early 1700s.

35. The percentage of blacks living on a plantation of at least ten slaves was approximately A. one-fourth (25%). B. one-third ( 33%). C. one-half (50%). D. three-fourths (75%). E. nine-tenths (90%).

D. three-fourths (75%).

44. In the outbreaks of witchcraft hysteria that marked New England colonial life, those accused were most commonly A. not members of the church. B. criminals. C. indentured servants. D. women of low social position. E. Indians or slaves.

D. women of low social position.

25. Which statement about the economy of the northern colonies is TRUE? A. Conditions for farming were more favorable than in the southern colonies. B. Planters were more likely to rely on slave labor. C. Agriculture was not the dominant industry of the economy. D. New England was able to develop several major export crops. E. Agriculture was more diverse than in the southern colonies.

E. Agriculture was more diverse than in the southern colonies.

17. The French and Indian War was fought in A. India. B. the West Indies. C. the North American interior. D. Europe. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

27. Industrialization in colonial America was hampered by A. English parliamentary regulations. B. a small domestic market. C. an inadequate labor supply. D. an inadequate transportation network. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

29. The Sugar Act of 1764 was designed to A. damage the market for sugar grown in the colonies. B. eliminate the illegal sugar trade between the colonies, the French, and the West Indies. C. establish new vice-admiralty courts in America to try accused smugglers. D. lower the colonial duty on molasses. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

32. Legislation passed by the Grenville ministry in 1764-1765 adversely affected American A. New England merchants. B. southern planters. C. small farmers. D. urban workers. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

49. In the eighteenth century, religious toleration in the American colonies A. flourished due to the diversity of practices brought by settlers. B. was unmatched in any European nation. C. was enhanced because no single religious code could be imposed on any large area. D. grew despite laws establishing the Church of England as the official colonial religion. E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

40. Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE? A. Field hand was the predominant occupation of both male and female slaves. B. Some slaves on larger plantations learned trades and crafts. C. Skilled slaves were at times hired out to other planters. D. A few slaves were able to buy their freedom. E. Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts.

E. Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts.

21. Which statement about colonial America is TRUE? A. Birth patterns and life expectancy were similar throughout New England and the Chesapeake. B. The population characteristics of colonial America were quite similar to England. C. To be classified as black, one had to have at least one African-American parent. D. There were more colonial American Catholics than Protestants. E. The diversity of the American population was its most enduring and distinctive feature.

E. The diversity of the American population was its most enduring and distinctive feature.

34. The first plantations in colonial North America emerged in the tobacco-growing areas of A. New York and New Jersey. B. North Carolina and South Carolina. C. Georgia and South Carolina. D. Delaware and Pennsylvania. E. Virginia and Maryland.

E. Virginia and Maryland.

26. When he became British Prime Minister, George Grenville A. believed the colonial economies could not weather the cost of the recent war. B. criticized William Pitt for being too harsh in dealing with the American colonies. C. began a cost-cutting effort by reducing the number of British officials in America. D. initially sought to further decentralize government authority in the American colonies. E. believed the American colonists had been indulged for far too long.

E. believed the American colonists had been indulged for far too long.

52. In the English colonies, Jews A. had their largest community in Rhode Island. B. did not live in most of the colonies. C. enjoyed considerable toleration. D. could not practice their religion openly anywhere. E. could not vote or hold office.

E. could not vote or hold office.

15. The term middle passage refers to the movement of enslaved Africans A. from the coastal regions of colonies to their interiors. B. from Africa to Europe. C. from the Caribbean to the mainland colonies. between individual North American colonies. E. from Africa to the New World.

E. from Africa to the New World.

5. In regards to colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century, A. backcountry settlers had a similar life expectancy as settlers in coastal areas. B. life expectancy was highest in the southern colonies. C. one in two white children in the Chesapeake died in infancy. D. men had a shorter life expectancy than women. E. life expectancy in New England was unusually high.

E. life expectancy in New England was unusually high.

58. Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought A. emphasized the importance of religious faith. B. rejected most religious thought. C. had little influence on American intellectual thought. D. challenged concepts such as "natural laws." E. suggested that people had considerable control over their own lives.

E. suggested that people had considerable control over their own lives.

9. The seventeenth-century medical practice of deliberately bleeding a person was based on A. Calvinist religious doctrine. B. scientific experimentation and observation. C. evidence that it helped in the recovery from illness. D. practices acquired from Indians. E. the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids.

E. the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids.

2. During the first half of the eighteenth century, England's administration of the colonies A. was primarily concerned with checking the growth of New France. B. began to assert greater authority over newspapers and public expression. C. sought new means to tax American merchants. D. was notable for its strict enforcement of trade policies. E. was loose, decentralized, and inefficient.

E. was loose, decentralized, and inefficient.