Final - Community assessment, Community Change, Family assessment
The community health nurse is assessing the dynamics of the family. Using your knowledge of family members' relationships to each other with the degree of kinship identified, what is an example of a nuclear family? A) First-degree relatives who live together B) First- and second-degree relatives who live together C) First- and second-degree relatives who live in the same neighborhood D) Individuals who are not blood relatives but share common locale of origin or culture
A
The community health nurse is reviewing guidelines with you for the "15 minute" assessment in order to keep the interview focused and family centered. Using your knowledge of family assessment, what are questions and considerations for the family assessment that can be asked for the question "Who is part of the family?" 1. What is the nature of individuals' connections to one another? 2. Does the individual live alone or have no living family members? 3. What influences from the family of origin are present in daily life? 4. Do members speak independently or is an interpreter present? A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 2, 3, 4
A
The community health nurse is reviewing that culture and diversity are issues that affect all families, whether or not clients openly express it. Using your knowledge that the terms culture and diversity have several meanings, what is cultural diversity? A) Describe people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds in society B) Social group that shares ethnic origins, language, and characteristic features of everyday life C) Group of people who share attitudes, values, goals, and practices D) Range or variety of differences among a group of people
A
You are approach by the health department to investigate and assess the rise in developmental disabilities in an isolated section in the community. In order to begin your assessment you gather objective data from A) client interview—aggregate data. B) Internet—aggregate data. C) Internet—Wikipedia. D) direct observation of the area.
B
You are conducting a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poverty-stricken migrant workers. To accurately assess the community, you A) use a questionnaire written on a fifth-grade reading level. B) use multiple methods or perspectives. C) interview a subpopulation of each group represented. D) analyze census data.
B
You are creating a project timeline for implementation of a community health program on increasing exercise for obese teenagers. Using your knowledge of project timelines, what is a Gantt chart? A) Visualize the sequence of evaluations that have to be completed to demonstrate successful process of the project B) Visualize the sequence of implementation steps needed to achieve program objectives by the target date for completion C) Written chart of timelines completed in the implementation phase to identify the steps needed to reach a specific point in a program D) Develop sustainability charts for each major program activity
B
You are reviewing how successful a program on exercise with obese patients was in another community. Using your knowledge of community health planning, what is program replication? A) Ability to replicate a successful program in the same community a second time B) Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community C) Ability to replicate a successful program with a new sample aggregate D) Ability to implement a successful program with the same population aggregate
B
You are reviewing the logic model and formal evaluation plan of a grant proposal on a community rabies program. Using your knowledge about grant proposals, what is involved in the accountability of a grant? A) Regular communication about funds that were not used B) Details of program activities C) Report of areas where there is no progress toward program goals D) Identify how the program will run after grant funding expires
B
You are using the four Ps of marketing in planning for the implementation of a community health program. Using your knowledge of social marketing, what P is represented by financial, emotional, psychological, and time-related cost or barriers the community faces in making the desired behavior change? A) Product B) Price C) Place D) Policy
B
You have identified that there needs to be a change in procedure for handling the diabetes mellitus community health visits for foot care issues. Using your knowledge of the change process, what steps have to be visualized? 1. Unfreezing the status quo 2. Changing or moving to a new state 3. Identifying the forces to enforce the status quo 4. Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 2, 4 C) 1, 3, 4 D) 2, 3, 4
B
As a public health nurse, you may participate in individual, family, or community assessments. An organized approach to assessment in the form of an evaluation that is commonly used is A) the scientific method. B) nursing diagnosis. C) evaluation and analysis. D) functional health pattern.
D
As in other areas of clinical practice, community health nurses frequently have limited time for family assessments because of demanding caseloads or staffing shortages. Using your knowledge about assessment, what are principles that maximize information gleaned in a "15-minute" family interview? 1. Manners 2. Use of therapeutic conversation 3. Ecomaps and genograms 4. Acknowledgement of family strengths 5. Use of therapeutic questions A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 4, 5 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D
You are a community health nurse working in a community recently devastated by a tornado. Many of the survivors are cared for in the home. Care is needed for those who are ill, recovering, or in hospice. In order to provide holistic care to the community, you would A) refer the clients to an outreach center. B) consult with the hospice nurse and the social worker. C) provide care according to the physician's orders. D) collaborate between experts and the clients.
D
You are part of a nursing consortium conducting community assessments in New England. At a quarterly meeting you note that the preliminary results of your data collection indicates A) each community has distinct needs based on industrialization. B) the communities are diverse and the data unrelated to one another. C) communities have informal and cohesive methodologies for coping with illness. D) the communities have similar goals related to health and safety.
D
You are preparing a report on obesity using the web of causation model. Using your knowledge that the technique of mapping the web of causation can help the community health or public health nurse identify multiple determinants of a community health problem, you know that some factors have a direct impact on health behaviors and other factors are more subtle and outside the control of the individual that contribute to a chronic issue. What is an example of a factor that has a direct impact on health behaviors that contribute to obesity? A) Food marketing B) Food manufacturing C) Subsidies provided by soft drink manufacturers for placing vending machines in schools D) Amount of physical activity and types and amounts of food eaten
D
You are researching whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Multilevel interventions are needed to achieve change in complex community health conditions that have multiple determinants. Using your knowledge of the change process, in which step of the change process is community participation to be involved? A) Assessment B) Planning C) Evaluation D) All steps of the process
D
You are reviewing the job descriptions of the community health workers who work with community health nurses and other members of the program team. Using your knowledge of job descriptions, what are other common names of the community health workers that play an important role in providing services to vulnerable and disadvantaged populations? 1. Lay health advisors 2. Outreach workers 3. Peer educators 4. Patient navigators A) 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4
D
You have been reading an article that nurses can play an important role in their professional and personal lives as advocates and champions for health improvement, social justice, and health equity. Using your knowledge about the role of the community health nurse role, at what levels can nurses play this role? 1. Local 2. Regional 3. National 4. Global A) 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4
D
You know that through policy change or other methods healthy choices must become the default as an effective strategy for improving the health of a community. What contexts have to change in order to implement these healthy choices as the default? A) Physical and environmental B) Educational and physical C) Educational and social D) Environmental and social
D
The community you are involved in is concerned regarding public safety and the care of their elders living at home. When you assess the community you find that there is potential to solve their problems within the community setting without outside resources. The plans to meet the community needs are accepted by the members of the community. One method to create a successful environment for assessment is to A) make the assessment process empowering to the community. B) assess the community through interview and share findings in a timely manner. C) involve the community when there is difficulty with the assessment. D) create an environment of change within the community.
A
There is a tornado alert in the community. What resource would be valuable to the disaster team to ascertain the areas in the community at greatest risk for damage due to the structure of land mass and infrastructure? A) Geographic information systems B) County maps C) Air surveillance D) Geographic analysis
A
Using your knowledge that community nursing centers are organized and managed by nurses in partnership with the communities they serve to provide community health services, what level of care do these centers provide to vulnerable and underserved population aggregates? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Primary and secondary
A
You are a community health nurse assessing the neighborhood in which your clients live. When observing the physical environment, you note that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. You place the neighborhood on the list as a low priority for a neighborhood well-child clinic. Your assessment is based on A) subjective data. B) objective data. C) cognitive analysis. D) valid data.
A
You are conducting a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and the majority of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind in their physicals and immunizations. On the basis of your community assessment, you will recommend A) the initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community. B) the creation of a taskforce to assess the impact of low income on immunization compliance. C) a formal petition to local government to mandate immunizations or monetary fines to parents. D) a tax relief programs for new companies wishing to settle in the community.
A
You are reviewing common themes of current national and international health plans, which include providing health promotion and disease prevention at the population level, addressing social determinants of health, and achieving health equity. Using your knowledge of community health and public health nursing, what are the key values? 1. Social justice 2. Health equity 3. Decrease incidence of disease at the population level 4. Treat disease symptoms to promote health A) 1, 2 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 3, 4
A
You are reviewing the objectives that have been set for the development of a community health program. Using your knowledge of health planning being based on the findings of community health assessments and health surveillance data, what is an example of a bottom-up approach to health planning? A) Decision at the state level to address a health problem B) Decision at the regional level to address a health problem C) Decision at the national level to address a health problem D) Decision at the global level to address a health problem
A
You are reviewing the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. Using your knowledge of funding, what is occurring when conditions have been established for the health improvement program to continue after grant funding ends? A) Sustainability B) Budget overrun C) Good use of excess funding D) Accountability
A
You are using the four Ps of marketing in planning for the implementation of a community health program. Using your knowledge of social marketing, what is the product? A) Represents the desired behavior you are asking the community to do, and the associated benefits, tangible objects, and services that support the behavior change B) Financial, emotional, psychological, and time-related cost or barriers the community faces in making the desired behavior change C) Location of where the community will perform the desired behaviors, where they will access the program products and services, or where they are thinking about the issue D) Refers to the laws and regulations that influence the desired behaviors
A
Community assessment is a critical process for the future because the process may A) identify the need for a community commission. B) identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients. C) provide a means of grant funding for clinics. D) provide a client base for at-risk neighborhoods.
B
The community health nurse is conducting a 15-minute family interview. Using your knowledge of interviewing techniques, which principle is being used to maximize information when the nurse validates family concerns with their active listening? A) Manners B) Use of therapeutic conversation C) Use of therapeutic questions D) Acknowledgment of family strengths
B
The community health nurse is establishing goals for the family based on the assessment. Using your knowledge of the grand nursing theory that guides establishment of assessment goals for families, which theory is the nurse using when developing a therapeutic relationship with the family that helps them identify areas for change? A) Science of Unitary Beings B) Health as Expanding Consciousness C) Roy Adaptation Model D) Self-Care Agency
B
The community health nurse is reviewing with you perspectives on family. Using your knowledge that one way to learn about families is to assess them from a broad perspective, what is the grand nursing theory in nursing practice? A) Present a systematic view of related statements to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe a phenomenon of interest B) Relates human experience to nursing practice and nursing care C) Assesses health patterns in 11 areas of family health D) Engages the family as a way to identify its strengths with attention to family dynamics and concerns related to health and illness
B
The community health nurse notices that the family assessment reveals four generations of family members working. Using your knowledge about intergenerational relationships, what is true about generation X? A) Respect authority, but want recognition for their individual contributions B) Likely to multitask and possibly have more than one career in their lifetime C) Authoritarian leadership and direct personal interaction with superiors and others D) Goal-oriented and focused people who desire guidance
B
The community health nurse reviews that most families tend to express more concern about the possibility that one member might become ill than about overall family wellness. Using your knowledge that a family member who is "at risk" has an increased probability of becoming sick or disabled, or even dying, what do the types of risk relate to? 1. Genetics 2. Age 3. Psychosocial background 4. Personal health habits and lifestyle 5. Environment A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 5 D) 2, 3, 4, 5
B
The community that you are assessing is changing. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interview, you discover that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have grown in the community to provide work for those who worked at the foundry. The research into the communities' history will assist you to A) determine the values evident in the community in the past. B) determine what variables may have detracted from community development. C) create a care plan for the community as a whole, including the need for clinics. D) create a community-based plan for business recruitment.
B
The school nurse notifies you that there have been six confirmed cases of pertussis in the sixth-grade classes. In addition to responding to the cluster of cases you would A) close the school. B) research the vaccine compliance in the school. C) send notes home to the parents regarding a pertussis epidemic. D) consult with the infection control physician at that local hospital.
B
There are 12 students in grades 5 to 7 at the local school with confirmed cases of H1N1 flu. The caregivers of the ill children are advised to keep the children home for a minimum of 5 to 7 days. The next step is A) closing the school for 6 weeks. B) education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene. C) running a mandatory flu clinic. D) discipline in the school setting for improper hand washing.
B
There are several approaches to family assessment that use particular concepts that nurses typically encounter in practice. These models provide an organized framework with which to conduct a family assessment. Using your knowledge that the key to select a certain model is to consider the situation, health concerns, and cultural background of the family, what is the aim of the family assessment with a Life Span Development approach? A) To identify family routines and rituals that could influence family health B) To identify family health practices within a social and historical context C) To assess health patterns in 11 areas of family health D) To engage the family as a way to identify its strengths with attention to family dynamics and concerns related to health and illness
B
Posthurricane, your disaster team chooses to use a collaborative model to assess the needs of the community. Each of you is given a community analysis and the task to create a tentative plan of action. Why would the use of a collaborative model hamper the progress of the assessment and plan in a disaster? (select all that apply) A) Individual decision making creates bias. B) Assessment is time consuming. C) Approach to problem solving is linear. D) Approaches must be pre-established . E) Collaboration is limited.
B C
A significant number of the members of your community have developed cancer. The EPA has discovered a leak of biohazardous waste from a local factory that has leached into the water table. The area is decontaminated and cleaned. The community identifies the need for a local hospice for those with cancer who are dying. Area communities participate in the fund drive. This type of community effort may be considered (a) A) communities of resolution. B) community of concerned citizens. C) community of solution. D) health care-centered community.
C
As a community health nurse, you are responsible for the general health of the community on multiple levels. The local school nurse identifies that there are an increased number of sick days for children ages 7 to 12 at the local school. On the basis of your research, you note that there is a disparity in the education of the families of the asthmatic children as well as other factors that influence noncompliance with current treatment plans. The next step in your plan of care is to A) conduct a broad-based survey of all families with asthmatic children within several communities. B) determine trends that interfere with family problem-solving techniques. C) develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers. D) submit a proposal to the town for neighborhood asthma clinics.
C
The community health nurse documents in the chart that the family is blended. Using your knowledge of blended families, what are reasons for this type of family becoming more widespread? 1. Increased divorced married people 2. Increased widowed single people 3. Increased gay and lesbian relationships A) 1, 2 B) 2, 3 C) 1, 3 D) 1, 2, 3
C
The community health nurse has limited time for family assessments because of demanding caseloads or staffing shortages. Using your knowledge that focused family interviews of 15 minutes or less can yield a wealth of information, what is an example of an activity that will acknowledge the family's strengths? A) Ask family members if they see an area that could be changed. B) Allow everyone present to voice observations, insights, or concerns before offering how they could change the situation. C) Share any genograms and ecomaps that illustrate relationships with family members. D) Collaborate with family to set priorities, plan care, and evaluate goals.
C
The community health nurse is applying a force field analysis as a technique for managing change at the community level. Using your knowledge of force field analysis, what is one example of this type of analysis? A) Unfreezing the status quo B) Changing or moving to a new state C) Selectively reinforcing the forces driving the change D) Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made
C
The community health nurse is assessing stressful life events in the family. Using your knowledge of life events that most people and their families find stressful, what is an example of a family inventory of life events related to illness and family care strains? A) Domestic violence or child abuse B) Divorce or decreased sexual intimacy C) Filial responsibility for oldest girl sibling to care for chronically ill parents D) Family feud when two sisters refuse to speak to each other
C
The community health nurse is assessing the health risk of the family. Using your knowledge that families approach the idea of health risk in many different ways, what are factors to consider? 1. What they learn from their present experience in their family of origin 2. Economic circumstances, especially health care insurance coverage 3. Stress and coping styles 4. Internal and external culture A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 2, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4
C
The community health nurse is reviewing a list of Healthy People 2010 indicators with you. Using your knowledge of Healthy People 2010, what are the key indicators? 1. Physical activity 2. Anorexia 3. Responsible sexual behavior 4. Tobacco use 5. Substance abuse A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 3, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 4, 5
C
There is a statistically high level of obesity and elevated cholesterol levels in the southern section of the community. There is a central area in the neighborhood that makes fast foods easily accessible. The statistics assist you to A) gather support in the community to ban fast foods. B) gather further information regarding trans fats. C) target education and support programs. D) create local exercise and nutrition programs.
C
You are completing a community assessment. You note that the computer companies in the community hire a disproportionate amount of their employees from local suburban communities versus the community in which the company is housed. In order to create an accurate assessment you collect data on all of the company's employees, but list those living outside of the community as A) outliers. B) statistically irrelevant. C) an aggregate. D) statistically relevant.
C
You are in charge of a local community program using a logic model as a planning and communication tool. Using your knowledge of the logic model, what are key things to remember when using this model? 1. Visual representation of how a program is organized 2. Activities being identified 3. Identification of needed resources 4. Direction on how intermediate and long-term outcomes will be measured 5. Review of how the program goals will be achieved A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 5 D) 1, 3, 4, 5
C
You are preparing a proposal for funding of a community health intervention program on healthy eating habits. Using your knowledge of funding, what are things to consider about private foundations funding? 1. Involves a formal competitive request for proposal process 2. Identify foundation program interests 3. Range of grant amounts 4. Funds are allocated from the state or local government budget. A) 1, 2 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 3, 4
C
You are preparing community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound. Using your knowledge of objectives, program objectives are written in the SMART format to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. What is an example of a measurement objective? A) The program will reduce teenage obesity. B) Fewer teens will start smoking. C) Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2011. D) The number of older minority residents in Legacy Independent facility receiving a flu shot will triple.
C
You are reviewing letters of support of the animal-assisted therapy program with home hospice patients. Using your knowledge about key points of a letter of support, what should be included? 1. Name of the program and the funding source 2. Goals or purpose of the program 3. Target population to be served 4. Exact amount of money spent from the funding source 5. Expected outcomes and results A) 1, 3, 4 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 3, 5 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C
You are the community health nurse in a new neighborhood. You introduce yourself to the local minister, and attend various neighborhood meetings. You learn about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. It is important to consider all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being because A) the information can be used to obtain funds to create shelters for the homeless. B) a neighborhood watch may be created with police support. C) the information will help to effectively assess the community. D) it will assist the nurse create a controlled clinical environment.
C
Family risk reduction is the process by which either individual family members or family as a group work together toward a goal of reducing the probability of sickness, disability, or death. The community health nurse is reviewing with you formal settings for sources of family risk reduction information. Using your knowledge of family risk reduction, what is an example of a formal setting for receiving this information? A) May receive inaccurate information about risk reduction, primarily because people interpret risk reports at their level of understanding. B) Family members often hear ambiguous reports or interpretations about how someone became disabled, ill, or died. C) Children are using the Internet to search information on health issues and share with parents. D) Health care providers provide clients with information in clinics, physicians' offices, emergency departments, and urgent care centers.
D
The community health nurse is completing a thorough family assessment that involves in-depth examination of a complex system. One approach to gain perspective on family health is to observe and inquire about the family's routines and rituals. Using your knowledge of routines and rituals, what is an example of a family health routine? A) Repetitive pattern that strengthens family self-image B) Formal pattern that strengthens family identity C) Preventive health care D) Safety and precautions
D
The community health nurse is using a genogram to aid in the family assessment. Using your knowledge of tools that help identify families and their relationships, what aspect of family connections and relationships is included in the genogram? A) Influence of other systems on families B) Influence of groups on families C) Illustrate family relationships and their vital connections D) Show relationships across two or more generations
D
The community health nurse uses health and illness factors and characteristics from the database to create clinical guidelines specifically related to health promotion at all levels of prevention. Using your knowledge of health appraisals, what information do health appraisals provide? 1. Information that identifies a common problem 2. Specific criteria that confirm that the problem exists 3. Tangible examples of the problem 4. Treatment recommendations A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 2, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4
D
There are theoretical approaches to family in community health nursing. Using your knowledge of theories, you know that family members are an integral part of each other's lives. Which theory views the family as the foundation for self-care and a setting for care? A) Science of Unitary Beings B) Health as Expanding Consciousness C) Roy Adaptation Model D) Self-Care Agency
D
When the community collaborates in a plan to create services and education to enhance their health and well being, the plan A) creates an environment that fosters change. B) has an increased rate of success. C) empowers the community, but diminishes the rate of success. D) shifts the focus from dependency to empowerment.
D
