final exam

One study that used to brain imaging techniques to investigate adolescents neural response to rejection while playing an online game called "cyber ball" found that

Adolescence high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression

According to social control theory, delinquency is caused by

An inherited predisposition Toward deviance

What is the best way to conceptualize adolescent sexual development?

As a gradual stages of increasing intimacy

Optimal social development during adolescence most likely require healthy relationships with

Both parents and peers

When college students were asked to write the most important criteria for deciding when someone is ready to get married, what was the most consistently endorsed item?

Capacity for intimacy

Carol has just learned that her son, mike, has been caught shoplifting for the fifth time. Carol told the police that Mike is just reacting to the stress of going through puberty. How accurate is carols idea?

Carol is incorrect. Problem behavior is virtually never a direct consequence of going through the normative adolescent changes.

Two characteristics of authoritative parents that positively influence their children's school performance are _____ and _____.

Healthy beliefs about the child achievement; less tendency to be over controlling

Neural imaging studies have shown that connections between different parts of the brain during adolescence cause

Improved interpersonal competence

Adolescence behave in a variety of ways within dating relationships that are usually most significantly shaped by

Scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media

To treat depression, anxiety disorders, and social phobia in adolescence, a class of drugs known as _____ has been shown to be effective, especially when used in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Even the chloe works very hard in school, she gives her classmates the impression that she is uninterested in school in order to have an excuse for her poor performance. What type of behavior is this?

Self handicapping

Many adolescents commit acts of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This is a behavior

Such as deliberately burning or cutting oneself.

Piaget's Theory of cognitive development emphasizes shifts in

The kind of reasoning that individuals used to make decisions

In contrast to Sullivans claims about adolescent friendships, more current research has found that

The number of same-sex intimate friends adolescents have tends to increase or stay the same as they make opposite sex intimate friends

The common factor with respect to comorbidity in internalizing disorders is

The subjective state of distress

"Sexual socialization" refers to

The way in which an individual is exposed to an educated about sexuality

Which of the following statements about girls in middle adolescence is true

Their friendships are fragile

Which of the following statements about comorbidity is true?

There is a little comorbidity among different psycho social problems during adolescence within or across the broad categories

Which of the following statements best characterizes the nature of research into adolescent sexuality?

Until recently, researchers focus mostly on the problematic aspects of adolescent sexuality (precocious sex, promiscuous sex, unsafe sex, etc.)

Individuals are more likely to engage in risky behavior when they see the behavior as

a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma

Which list correctly rank substances used by high school seniors from most to least popular?

alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, e cigarettes

Individuals high in callous-unemotional (CU) traits

are less likely to empathize with others

Which of the following types of parenting promotes healthy autonomy and adolescents?

authoritative

In early and middle adolescence, adolescence become more _____ with respect to parents, and more _____ with respect to peers

autonomous, conformist

The psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of independence

autonomy

The sexual _____ of males and females may be similar, but the sexual _____ of males and females is quite different

behavior; socialization

Which of the following aspects of autonomy involves the capacity to make independent decisions and follow through with them?

behavioral autonomy

Which of the following would be considered a status offense?

being truant from school

HIV is transmitted through

bodily fluids

Research indicates that _____ has negative effects on adolescent mental health, whereas _____ has positive effects

detachment; individuation

Many experts endorse a model of depression that suggests individuals who are predisposed toward internalizing problems will develop depression when they are exposed to chronic or acute stressors. This is called

diathesis-stress model

The neurotransmitter associated with the experience of pleasure that is implicated in substance abuse problem is known as

dopamine

Evaluations of adolescent treatment programs suggest

drug treatment programs for adolescent substance abuse are more effective when the adolescent's family is involved in therapy with the adolescent

"Decreased enjoyment of pleasurable activities" and "low self-esteem" would be examples of what type of depressive symptoms?

emotional

Which of the following types of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individuals close relationships?

emotional autonomy

Treating juvenile externalizing problems with programs and therapies that have a proven scientific basis is known as using

evidence-based practices

Alcohol and marijuana are considered _____ drugs because they are almost always used before harder drugs

gateway

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus?

herpes

The belief or expectation that one cannot influence events is called

learned helplessness

Studies of the long-term consequences of adolescent parenthood indicate that the problems associated with it

may actually be greater for the mothers than for their children.

Between middle and late adolescence, individuals become

more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices.

Sex differences in the level of the hormone _____ may play a role in making females both more invested in close relationships, and more vulnerable to adverse consequences of interpersonal problems.

oxytocin

Achievement concerned the development of motives, capabilities, interest, and behavior that relate to _____ in evaluative situation

performance

Which would be considered a cognitive symptom of depression

pessimism

Which is considered a risk factor for substance abuse in adolescents?

psychological factors

Research into sexual activity among adolescents has found that

there is wide variation in what activities adolescents think count as sex.

Adolescents who come from family environment in which parents harshly criticized their children's performance when it does not meet their standards are more likely to develop

Fear of failure

According to one study from Furman and Simon, on which person's behavior doesn't internal working model of relationships have the greatest effect?

Sarah, an adolescent girl

According to a study of more than 10,000 American adolescence, approximately _____ of teenagers report having an anxiety disorder by age 18 and _____ of these individuals had already developed an anxiety disorder before turning 12.

1/3; almost all

Which type of educational achievement has the most important effect on later earnings?

Educational attainment

The message society since teenagers about tobacco, drugs, and alcohol

Is mixed and unclear about whether they should or should not be used

What what is social scientist find useful about NAEP data

It allows social scientist to see how the performance of students in the US has improved or worsened over multiple generations

Comprehensive sex education has which of the following elements

It must teach adolescents how to refuse unwanted sex and avoid unintended sex.

Who is likely to attain the most occupational success?

Karen, who has a masters degree

Friendship based on which of the following criteria are more likely to be found among adolescents than younger children

Loyalty

Motivation based on pleasure when will experience from becoming proficient at a task is called

Mastery motivation

Which of these is one of the factors researchers study in connection with how home environment positively influences adolescence level of achievement

Parenting style

Which of the following statements about parent adolescent communication about sex is true?

Parents assume that if they disapprove of sexual activity, their adolescent is not likely to be sexually active.

Post conventional reasoning can also be referred to as

Principled moral reasoning

Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in

Same sex relationships