Final Exam Chapter 13 Political Science

Congress relies on the federal bureaucracy to __________. a. turn broad legislative goals into specific rules and actions b. follow the administration of the same rules, even if new conditions arise c. keep the president under control d. serve as the ombudsman role for individuals that have problems related to the government e. follow Congress's expertise in policy areas

A

One of the important differences between public bureaucracies and private corporations is that government bureaucracies __________. a. are not organized to make a profit, whereas private corporations are b. have a single set of leaders, whereas private corporations do not c. are much larger than private corporations d. are not intended to serve the citizenry, as private corporations are e. present an opportunity for career advancement, whereas private corporations do not

A

Sunshine laws require agencies to __________. a. conduct their business regularly in public session b. conclude work after five years unless Congress grants the agency an extension c. hold at least half of their public meetings outside of Washington, DC d. fill at least 40 percent of upper-level positions within an agency with females or ethnic minorities e. develop policies to reduce their impact on the environment by "going green"

A

Supporters of the acquisitive model argue that the size of the federal bureaucracy is a result of __________ a. bureaucrats who are budget maximizers, who never pass up a chance to increase their own funding b. bureaucrats who are budget minimizers, who efficiently and dispassionately determine whether new funding opportunities are worthwhile c. the growing liberal wing of the Democratic party that has fought to increase the number of government services d. the constant involvement of the United States in foreign wars, thus necessitating a large military-industrial bureaucracy e. events that have necessitated the creation of agencies and commissions to address the needs of the country

A

The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 __________. a. created the Office of Personnel Management and the Merit Systems Protection Board b. created the Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Labor c. created the Civil Service Commission d. created the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) e. abolished the Labor Department and the Civil Service Commission

A

The Whistleblower Protection Act __________. a. provides for the investigations of complaints by an independent agency, the Office of Special Counsel b. states that allegations made by whistleblowers will be handled by existing offices within the Justice Department c. established the General Accounting Office to investigate complaints of waste d. created ombudsman positions in most federal agencies to monitor government waste e. also provides a certain degree of protection from whistleblowers

A

The desire of bureaucrats to "sell" their products, such as national defense, public housing, and agricultural subsidies, would be an example of the __________ model of bureaucracy. a. acquisitive b. merit c. monopolistic d. spoils e. Weberian

A

The merit system refers to __________. a. the selection and promotion of government employees on the basis of examinations b. a system of checks on Congress intended to prevent discrimination c. a process of selecting policies based on their value d. a system that was used for hiring bureaucrats under Andrew Jackson e. using work experience in lieu of educational qualifications when applying for federal positions

A

Which Statement best describes bureaucracy? A.) A bureaucracy is a large organization, structured hierarchically, that carries out specific fuctions. B.)The bureaucracies work in a cyclical fashion with congress to create and implement laws C.) Public bureaucracies serve the federal government D.) All the public bureaucracies report to the president and operate under the direction from his office. E.) State bureaucracies provide financial assistance to the national bureaucracy.

A

Which statement regarding privatization is most accurate? a. Supporters of privatization argue that some services can be provided more efficiently by the private sector. b. Privatization is related to sunset laws because services are often turned over to the private sector rather than being completely eliminated. c. The use of vouchers as a form of privatization has been deemed unconstitutional because it violates the commerce clause. d. The concept of privatization refers to the replacement of federal government services with state or local government services. e. Privatization has resulted in greater efficiency in the federal government as well as a reduction in spending.

A

Which statement regarding the cabinet departments is most accurate? a. The cabinet departments, in terms of organization, are directly accountable to the president. b. The cabinet departments can be described in management terms as independent agencies. c. The Department of War was the first cabinet department to be created and the Department of Health and Human Services is the most recent. d. The Minerals and Mining Administration is an example of a cabinet department. e. The only cabinet department not headed by a secretary is the Department of Defense.

A

26. The organization created in 1883 to administer the personnel service of the national government on the principle of employment on the basis of open, competitive examinations was known as the __________. a. Civil Aeronautics Commission b. Civil Service Commission c. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission d. Federal Trade Commission e. Unemployment Office

B

A "whistleblower" is a person who __________. a. finds ways to blame others to cover for his or her inadequacies b. brings to public attention gross governmental inefficiency or illegal action c. is hired in excess of the true labor requirements of an agency d. is a person who serves in the position of an ombudsman e. leaks the contents of a presidential speech to the press before it is given

B

A major power that Congress has over the federal bureaucracy is the __________. a. authority to select high-level bureaucrats b. authority to extend or limit appropriations c. authority to fire bureaucrats for not executing policy passed by Congress d. power to find agency actions unconstitutional e. power to appoint agency heads

B

Following the election of Thomas Jefferson, the federal bureaucracy became a self-maintaining, long-term element within government because __________. a. the president and members of Congress were more focused on defending the borders of the United States b. the presidents that followed Jefferson were all of the same political party and no changes in office holders were needed for 25 years c. the idea of firing officials of the opposing political party did not seem logical if they had been performing their job in a capable and efficient manner d. the states had relinquished all power to the federal government and a strong bureaucracy was necessary to manage the needs of the states e. the Constitution stated that the bureaucracy needed to be established by 1802

B

The Weberian model of bureaucracy characterizes it as having __________. a. a disregard for the manner in which decision making occurs b. a hierarchical organization c. expanded budgets d. internal democracy e. a disdain for public opinion

B

The __________ created the civil service system and protects several layers of the bureaucracy from political appointment. a. Postal Service Act of 1792 b. Pendleton Act of 1883 c. Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 d. Political Activities Act of 1939 e. Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

B

The __________ requires federal agencies to disclose information on file about an individual on that individual's request. a. Government in the Sunshine Act b. Freedom of Information Act c. Pendleton Act d. Political Activities Act e. E-Government Act

B

The creation of the Department of Homeland Security merged 22 agencies responsible for fighting terrorism into a single department, a process that illustrated __________. a. the monopolistic model of bureaucratic power b. how complex and specialized the federal bureaucracy is c. the effect of iron triangles on bureaucratic decision making d. how an administrative agency can gain department status e. why the Pendleton Act affects structures of interests in issue networks

B

Which government body is responsible for oversight of the national bureaucracy? a. president b. Congress c. Supreme Court d. Electoral College e. Central Intelligence Agency

B

With negotiated rule making, federal agencies have begun encouraging businesses and public interest groups to become directly involved in __________. a. administering regulations b. drafting the regulations that affect them c. lobbying Congress to relax regulations d. lobbying the president concerning bureaucratic reorganization e. taking responsibility for their own self-regulation

B

. A line organization can best be described as an __________. a. independent commission that does not answer to the president b. agency that is part of a larger department c. agency that reports directly to the president d. agency that is part of the legislative branch e. a group of Americans that is concerned about the efficiency of the government

C

AMTRAK and the U.S. Postal Service are examples of __________. a. cabinet departments b. corporations subject to regulation c. government corporations d. independent executive agencies e. independent regulatory agencies

C

An agency of the government that can, in theory, make a profit, is a(n) __________. a. business entity b. corporate commission c. government corporation d. independent executive agency e. independent regulatory agency

C

Independent executive agencies resemble the cabinet departments but typically have __________. a. a smaller staff b. a smaller budget c. a more narrow scope of responsibility d. more freedom from Congress e. a staff that is entirely composed of political appointees

C

The acquisitive model of bureaucracy holds that __________. a. decision making should be a rational process b. advancement should be based on merit c. leaders of bureaucracies seek expanded budgets and larger staffs d. bureaucracies should apply similar decisions to similar situations e. bureaucracies should hold hearings before taking action

C

The main prohibition outlined in the Hatch Act was __________. a. that employees of state government cannot seek election to a national government position b. aimed at preventing employees from holding two governmental positions at the same time c. that civil service employees cannot take an active part in political campaigns d. aimed at preventing government employees from joining political parties e. ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1993

C

What is meant when a part of the bureaucracy has been "captured"? a. when one government agency takes over another agency's function b. when government services are provided by private companies c. when an industry regulated by an agency gains substantial power over the agency d. when Congress takes the oversight power of an agency away from the president e. when a business or corporation uses undue influence over Congress

C

__________ is often conducted under the condition that the participants promise not to challenge in court the outcome of any agreement to which they were a party. a. Capture b. Government in the Sunshine legislation c. Negotiated rule making d. Privatization e. Whistleblowing

C

Presidents are often not satisfied with the departments within the Cabinet because __________. a. the secretary for each department has been selected by Congress and the appointee's goals might differ from the president's agenda b. the individuals who fill these jobs are selected by the secretary of that department and they are not under the president's direction or control c. the departments are often bipartisan in nature and are not able to move forward on agenda items that benefit a specific party's agenda d. below the top level of the departments, the staff is made up of permanent employees who are committed to established programs and procedures and resist change e. individuals below the secretary are constantly changing, with most staff members remaining at the job for a maximum of eight months

D

Sunset legislation requires __________. a. each agency to submit its budget for review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) b. environmental impact statements for federal projects c. federal employees to retire at the age of 65 d. the termination of a program unless Congress has reauthorized it e. the states to adopt state versions of the government in the Sunshine Act

D

The appropriation of money to government agencies by Congress __________. a. is decided separately from authorization bills, meaning authorized actions may not occur b. precedes authorization decisions so that Congress will not adopt unfunded mandates c. must be authorized by each member of the president's cabinet d. is tied to each law that authorizes an agency to take an action e. can be vetoed by the president if it is determined that the authorized action is unworthy

D

The iron triangle is composed of __________. a. the three branches of government b. think tanks, interest groups, and executive agencies c. standing committees, subcommittees, and conference committees d. interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucrats e. policy experts, bureaucrats, and committee chairpersons

D

The spoils system can be viewed as __________. a. the major problem of the federal bureaucracy today b. a successful alternative to the Weberian model c. a new theory for employee selection and retention d. a system of patronage e. a means of ensuring the best and the brightest holding positions in government

D

Within a bureaucracy, the units of organization are divided according to the __________. a. corresponding committee jurisdiction within Congress b. legislative mandate authorized by Congress c. desires of each presidential administration d. specialization and expertise of the employees e. pay grade of the employees

D

Issue networks are __________. a. news organizations that explore how government programs affect common people b. communications between the president and interest groups c. websites set up by Congress to solicit public opinion d. discussions between the president and his top advisors held in remote locations e. an alliance that may contain scholars, interest groups, executive agency staff, and legislative staff members

E

Probably the most effective means an agency has of remaining powerful is __________. a. attaining a monopoly on technical expertise in a particular policy area b. being responsive to requests by members of Congress regarding policy initiatives c. cultivating public opinion to favor the policies of the agency d. performing the duties assigned to the agency in an efficient manner e. entering alliances with influential interest groups

E

The major difference between independent regulatory agencies and independent executive agencies is that __________. a. independent executive agencies only report to Congress b. independent executive agencies are directly controlled by the judicial branch of the federal government c. independent executive agencies are more likely to be included as part of the iron triangle d. independent regulatory agencies are subject to the authority of the Congress e. independent executive agencies are subject to the authority of the president to a greater degree than independent regulatory agencies

E

The monopolistic model of bureaucracy states that __________. a. decision making should be a rational process b. advancement should be based on merit c. bureaucracies seek expanded budgets and increased size d. bureaucracies should apply similar decisions to similar situations e. bureaucracies have no competitors and are, therefore, inefficient

E

Which model of bureaucracy explains that individual advancement is supposed to be based on merit rather than political connections? a. acquisitive model b. merit model c. monopolistic model d. spoils model e. Weberian model

E

__________ were set up because Congress felt it was unable to handle the complexities and technicalities required to carry out specific laws in the public interest. a. Cabinet departments b. Courts of limited jurisdiction c. Government corporations d. Independent executive agencies e. Independent regulatory commissions

E

An advantage that bureaucrats in federal government have over the president in the policy-making process is that bureaucrats __________. a. have an independence from the president that is guaranteed by the Constitution b. find it easier to gather public support than does the president c. usually have a continuity of service in the executive branch that the president lacks d. typically have better access to the media than does the president e. control the budgetary process

c

The Hatch Act of 1939 prohibits civil service employees from __________. a. participating in partisan politics while working b. participating in voter registration drives c. campaigning for a candidate in a partisan election d. contributing to fundraisers for political candidates e. voting in partisan elections

c

When a person is selected by the president to head an agency and to shift the policies of the agency in the direction of the president, the appointee generally finds that __________. a. an agency is immune to presidential politics b. career subordinates have very little influence on policy c. subordinates wield considerable power d. agency personnel change direction quickly e. there is little to prevent him or her from accomplishing the goal

c