Final Exam Chapters 1-5

According to the social constructivist model of learning theory, all of the following responses are things learners must do in order to construct new knowledge, except:

Memorize terms and definitions presented by the text.

A second grade class is using a stream table to investigate how water can change the shape of the land. In which type of investigation are they most likely involved?

Modeling

Which of the following is NOT a reason why teacher candidates should know and understand the science process skills?

None of the above.

The NGSS (Next Generation Science Standards) are

Student performance expectations.

Each of the following responses is an ability necessary to do scientific inquiry, except:

Using the scientific method.

Of the following safety rules for elementary students, which one should always be followed by your students?

Wash your hands well after each investigation.

One of the primary reasons teachers leave the teaching professions is:

classroom management issues.

The goal of engineering is to

design solutions to address human needs or desires.

The main purpose of classroom management is to ensure safety and:

establish a learning community.

The term scaffolding refers to:

the teacher providing instructional assistance to enable learners to achieve higher levels.

The region between the learner's spontaneous level of knowing and thinking, and the level he or she can reach in problem-solving with assistance is called:

the zone of proximal development.

An explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has undergone considerable testing and refinement is a

theory

The goal of science is

to construct theories to explain or understand the natural world.

Your role as a teacher of science is

to help learners develop progressively more sophisticated explanations of natural phenomena over time.

When teachers believe that all students can learn, it is evident to students, parents and administrators when teachers:

A)provide feedback to students to move their learning forward. B)smile and maintain eye contact while exhibiting positive body language. C)interact and respond to students equally rather than just to those that raise their hands. D)provide quality information so students can reach high expectations.

The following statements about inquiry-based teaching and learning are true, except for:

All science lessons should be inquiry-based.

Which of the following Revised Bloom Levels best describes the cognitive demand required to predict, implement, model, or demonstrate?

Applying

Which response presents students' actions during the stages of the conceptual change model in the suggested order?

Become aware of their own preconceptions Reveal their ideas and beliefs Confront their ideas and beliefs Resolving conflict in ideas and beliefs Extend the concept by making connections in their daily lives Go beyond

If you plan to emphasize the science process skills, which of the following approaches would you use?

Encourage students to explore and investigate to find answers to their questions.

Which is the correct sequential order of the phases of the 5E Instructional Model?

Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate

During which of the phases of the 5E Instructional Model would you expect to see the teacher encouraging students to explain concepts and definitions in their own words, and formally providing definitions, and using students' previous experiences as the basis for explaining concepts?

Explain

Which phase of the 5E Instructional Model is most like Guided Discovery?

Explore

According to the National Science Education Standards, what should be the primary method for attaining the goal of understanding in science?

Inquiry instruction

Which of the following teacher actions is inconsistent with the 5E Instructional Model during the Elaborate Phase?

Leads students step-by-step to a solution

Which of these features of inquiry-based instruction are teachers supporting when they require students to report on their work, encourage multiple forms of communication, and facilitate small and large group discussion?

Learners communicate and justify their proposed explanations.

Which statement best describes the process of constructing new knowledge?

Learners use prior knowledge to organize incoming information in various ways to form new knowledge, and they integrate new knowledge with prior knowledge to expand their knowledge base.

Each of the following statements identifies one of the purposes for learning centers, except:

Learning centers can be used as rewards for those students who finish their work early.

Which list of the levels of inquiry is in order from most student driven to most teacher driven?

Open, Guided, Structured, Confirmation Lab

Responding to growing concerns about the quality of education (including science education) for all students in our Nation, Congress

Passed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act in 2001.

Which of the following teacher actions is inconsistent with the 5E Instructional Model during the Engage Phase?

Provides definitions and answers

________ takes place "when people do something again in similar, but not identical ways to reinforce what they have learned while adding something new."

Rehearsal

Which of the following statements is false when describing classroom safety?

Safety contracts signed by the students and parents are necessary in middle school but aren't needed in primary grades because elementary investigations do not use hazardous materials.

Which of the following is not a key characteristic of science?

Science can usefully examine and prove beliefs such as the existence of super natural powers or beings.

According to the authors, which of the following is a reason science should be taught in elementary and middle school?

Science provides opportunities for children to develop math and language skills. Science knowledge can be useful for all citizens in personal decision making and participation in civic and cultural affairs? Science experiences from the earliest grades are essential for helping children learn to think and understand. The No Child Left Behind Act recognizes the importance of science instruction in elementary school.

Each of the following statements is true of cooperative/collaborative learning structures, except:

They provide an environment in which students intuitively know how to work together.

If you were to observe Dr. Contant's class, you would probably see students actively participating in classroom activities. You might hear discussions and collaborations among two or more students. Students will most likely be involved in constructive questioning and critiquing of each other's work and assuming responsibility for helping one another learn. Dr. Contant's classroom environment would be best described as:

a community of learners.

A scientific phenomenon that has a surprising or unusual outcome for students to consider is called:

a discrepant event.

The bread became moldy because it was damp. This statement is an example of:

an inference.

To demonstrate understanding of a scientific idea, a student might:

apply new knowledge to new problems.

Alternative conceptions (misconceptions) are children's ideas that:

are not congruent with accepted scientific views.

Children's misconceptions:

can be seen as necessary conceptual stepping stones on a path toward more accurate knowledge. may reflect mistaken ontological commitments which, when altered, allow the child access to other, more relevant, and already present concepts. should be seen as attempts by children to make sense of the world around them. build on more correct notions that coexist with the misconceptions.

In a positive learning environment, teaching using inquiry-based instruction has to be established ________. Students need to be coached on what to do when placed into groups, know how to assign cooperative roles, know how to constructively talk through problems and issues, and practice in setting up simple investigations and designing procedures that lead to conceptual understanding by each student in the group.

from the beginning of the year

For conceptual change to occur, the teacher must do all, except:

have the student memorize the accepted scientific concepts.

During the 1960's science educators

identified a set of discrete skills called science process skills. stated that science is best learned by doing science. felt that children should learn processes.

Research into the effectiveness of inquiry instruction has shown this approach to be effective in:

improving reasoning, observing, and logical analysis. enhancing positive attitudes toward science. increasing scores on measures of general science achievement, process skills, analytical skills, and related skills such as language arts and mathematics. fostering problem solving, creativity, and independent learning.

The differences between a guess and a prediction about the likelihood of a future event is the presence of

prior knowledge of patterns.

An engineering project typically starts with a(n) ________ and results in a(n) ________.

problem — solution

The framework committee recommended that K-12 science education in the United States should be organized around three unified dimensions. Those dimensions are:

scientific and engineering practices, cross-cutting concepts, and disciplanary core ideas.

According to Contant, Bass, and Carin, science process skills

should be treated as tools to be used in scientific inquiry.

Science has certain characteristics, often referred to as __________, that distinguish it from other ways of knowing and scientists are expected to apply certain _____________ as they work.

the nature of science/habits of mind