FINAL EXAM CHP 9

Emily, who is always slightly depressed, helps a little boy find his mom at the mall. Emily is surprised to find her mood has improved. This is likely because ________. a) helping a person often relieves a negative mood b) helping a person can lead to a reward c) empathy led Emily to help the child d) the child was able to articulate how much he was helped

a

One day you are out biking on a relatively deserted trail. You see a fellow cyclist on the side of the trail with the bike's wheels in the air. When will you be most likely to help? a) When you know nothing about bikes but can offer moral support b) When you know a great deal about bikes and work at a bicycle repair shop c) When the cyclist seems to know more about bikes than you do d) When you have just finished your trail ride

b

People who feel isolated from a particular group are experiencing ________ exclusion. a) empathic b) social c) communal d) interpersonal

b

Which inherent neurological system allows most people to experience what others are experiencing automatically? a) The empathetic cortex b) Mirror neurons c) Empathy neurons d) The perceptive module

b

David sees a homeless person and thinks that "this guy has no one to blame but himself." Thus, David appears to believe that this homeless man's misfortunes are ________. a) tied to external factors b) uncontrollable c) controllable d) the end result of chance factors

c

In an emergency, a helpful bystander can increase the helpfulness of others because the bystander serves as a social ________. a) status b) exclusion c) model d) factor

c

In general, we are more likely to help those whom we are closely related than others. Which of the following offers support for this? a) Empathic joy hypothesis b) Negative-state relief model c) Kin selection theory d) Natural selection hypothesis

c

Oscar is alone resting on a beach when he notices someone who appears to be floundering in the ocean. Since he does not know how to swim, Oscar realizes that he cannot help this individual himself. This example illustrates that people ________. a) often fail to recognize emergency situations as such b) usually want to be left alone and not deal with others' predicaments c) often do not help others when they are alone d) often decide that they cannot help when they do not know what to do

d

Raphael helps Lisa carry her groceries up the stairs. Lisa comes by 15 minutes later and says, "Thank you. The frozen food would have melted if you hadn't helped me." Because of her response to his help, Raphael is motivated to help others later. This scenario is MOST consistent with the ________. a) inclusive fitness model b) empathy-altruism hypothesis c) negative state relief model d) empathic joy hypothesis

d

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, "We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man ________. a) decreased the diffusion of responsibility b) acted due to self-monitoring effects c) helped increase other directed affect d) acted as a prosocial model

d

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that at least some prosocial behavior is ________. a) driven by our motivation to engage in any behavior that provides the greatest satisfaction to us b) driven by genetic attributes that evolved because they enhanced the probability of genetic success c) caused by the desire to reduce our own discomfort in the presence of negative emotions d) motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need

d

Janelle wants to begin hosting her own podcast focused on community events. She will need some money to purchase recording equipment and create a small studio in her house. She is thinking of reaching out to other community members to ask for their financial support. Which of the following websites should Janelle use? a) Kickstarter b) Facebook c) Twitter d) Craigslist

a

Your friend Gretchen is notoriously rude to her partner. She never says anything nice or complimentary and frequently embarrasses her partner in front of others. Gretchen calls and leaves a very distressed message for you letting you know that her partner has dumped her and she really needs someone to talk to about it. Will you call Gretchen back? a) Yes, you will because you are the only one that can help. b) Yes, you will because you want to hear how Gretchen is suffering at this loss. c) No, because you feel Gretchen is responsible for her own predicament. d) No, because we prefer not to help if it requires emotional effort.

c

Jenny, a 5-year-old child, may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after playing ________ video game. a) a prosocial b) a violent c) a logical d) any

a

Karen knows that her neighbors often struggle to make ends meet. She sometimes offers to babysit for free because she can easily afford to do so and feels good that she can help in this small way. This example most clearly illustrates ________. a) the empathic joy hypothesis b) the negative state relief model c) the empathy-altruism model d) defensive helping

a

Which of the following best describes prosocial behavior and aggression a) They always benefit the recipient. b) They always harm the recipient. c) They have overlapping features. d) They are polar opposites.

c

Which of the following explains why a positive mood can decrease the probability of responding in prosocial ways? a) Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious. b) Being in a good mood can lead us to not notice that there is a situation in which someone needs help. c) Being in a good mood can cause us to only think about ourselves and our subjective well-being. d) Being in a good mood can cause us to keep as much positivity for ourselves as we can.

a

Who mostly benefits from crowdfunding? a) Entrepreneurs only b) Fund-collecting sites c) Consumers and donors d) Entrepreneurs and communities

d