Final Exam- History

How many of Napoleon's troops left Russia on the retreat back to France?

40,000

How large was Napoleon's army when the Russian Invasion began?

400,000

What did the Germans give Austria on July 6, 1914

A Blank Cheque

What famous battle did Theodore Roosevelt participate in?

Battle of San Juan Hill

What was the final battle for Napoleon?

Battle of Waterloo

Why did Germany mobilize the Army on July 29, 1914?

Because Russia partially mobilized its army

What was the name of the conference that met, and in what year did it meet, to settle the peace after the Napoleonic Wars?

Congress of Vienna, 1815

What did the Pope receive in exchange for giving up the Papal States?

Control of Vatican City

What was the United States' response during all of this activity in 1914?

Declared neutrality

What did Germany do on August 3, 1914 that finally made Great Britain join Russia and France?

Declared war on France and invaded Belgium

When did the Ottoman Empire join the Central Powers?

October 28, 1914

Why were the Papal States strategically located?

They straddled the center of the peninsula and were a barrier to uniting northern and southern Italy.

What is a Slav?

One who speaks a Slavic language

Who is the father of German unification?

Otto von Bismarck

Which U.S. president fought in the Spanish-American War?

Theodore Roosevelt

What were the two important parts of the Russian strategy when they met Napoleon's troops?

-The Russians would withdraw when they made contact with Napoleon, driving him deeper into Russia. -The Russians would burn anything useful to the French army, including food and shelter.

What were the two reasons Napoleon decided to invade Russia in June?

-The muddy roads from the spring rains had dried. -A June invasion would give the French army time to defeat the Russians before the winter cold and snow.

What were the two reasons that Russia was able to appeal to most eastern Europeans?

-They shared a Slavic language - They practiced the Orthodox Christian faith

How many of Napoleon's soldiers entered Moscow?

150,000

What two French Provinces became German territory after the Franco-Prussian War?

Alsace and Lorraine

What happened in June 28, 1914?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

When (date) and who made the first declaration of war?

Austria-Hungary against Serbia, July 28, 1914

Historically, which European Peninsula had been part of the Ottoman Empire?

Balkan Peninsula

What alliance was created by Bismarck in 1879?

Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary

in the 1800's Great Britain controlled most of what part of Africa?

Eastern and Southern

What two wars ravaged Europe between 1792-1815?

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

Who is the father of Italian unification?

Giuseppe Garibaldi

What nation was the "natural enemy" of France?

Great Britain

During this time period, what was Great Britain trying to do?

Have meetings for the European powers to preserve peace.

What was Franz Ferdinand's position in the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

Heir to the Throne

What was the Crown Jewel of the British Empire?

India

According to the rest of the European powers not in this alliance, what was the major problem with the alliance of 1879?

It was so secretive that no one knew who the target of the alliance was.

America's expansion into the Pacific Ocean led on a collision course to what nation?

Japan

On what date did the Battle of Waterloo occur?

June 18, 1815

What had the German Army Staff been preparing for decades before World War 1 began?

Large-scale mobilization of troops

What is the policy called that places emphasis on increasing military strength and effectiveness in a nation?

Militarism

Who arose from the ashes of the French Revolution to become the Emperor of France?

Napoleon Bonaparte

Prior to unification, what was the most powerful German state?

Prussia

What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt's unit in the Battle of San Juan Hill?

Rough Riders

By 1812, what was the only major European power not conquered by France?

Russia

By the mid-1800's, the Ottoman Empire was given what nickname?

Sick Man of Europe

What was made Hawaii important to the U.S.?

Spanish-American War

Nationalism in what part of Europe was the immediate cause of World War 1?

The Balkans

How did Austria-Hungary respond to Serbia's actions on July 25, 1914

They issued an ultimatum that was impossible for Serbia to accept

What did the raw materials from colonies provide fuel for in the home countries?

The Industrial Revolution

Both Russian and Austro-Hungarian expansion came at the expense of what empire?

The Ottoman Empire

Most Slavic regions in southeastern Europe belonged to which empire?

The Ottoman Empire

Who was the last remaining power to join the war on the side of the Central Powers?

The Ottoman Empire

While the British Navy dominated the high seas before and during World War 1, what naval invention did the Germans have that could help reduce the effectiveness of British battleships?

The Submarine or U-boat

What is nationalism?

The belief that the needs of one's own nation is more important than the needs of other nations.

What League did Bismarck create in 1881 to lessen the chance of a two-front war for Germany?

Three Emperors League

What three areas did the German Army excel in over every other European Army?

Training, Discipline, and Leadership

When Italy replaced Russia in the League, what did this agreement come to be called?

Triple Alliance

What did Great Britain, France, and Russia create in order to counter Bismarck's diplomatic moves?

Triple Entente

The Ottoman Empire was centered in what modern-day country?

Turkey

What was the name of the naval cruiser that blew up in Havana Harbor in 1898?

USS Maine

What parts of Africa did France tend to colonize?

Western and Northern