FINAL EXAM - KNEE AND HIP

True or False: The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

False

True or False: The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.

False

What two parts of the femur and pelvis make the hip joint?

Femoral Head the Acetabulum

The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on _________ condyle.

Gerdys

What muscle(s) may be considered an agonist muscle during hip external rotation?

Gluteus Maximus

Any muscle that is agonistic in hip extension can also contract to cause __________ pelvic rotation.

I DON'T KNOW

Where is the fibula condyle located and what is its other name?

I DON'T KNOW

In what way does the patella increase muscle forces of the quadriceps?

Increases the leverage of the quad by its pull on the tibia

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral collateral ligament?

Origin: lateral epicondyle of femur Insertion: head of fibula

Where is the teres ligament located and what is its function?

Originates on the ischial and pubic sides of the acetabular notch. It contains a blood vessel, which contributes to the blood supply of the femoral head during childhood.

Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper? a. Also referred to as the tibiofemoral joint b. Classified as a ginglymus joint c. Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension d. Considered by some authorities to be a condyloid type joint

Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension

What other joint(s) must move so the pelvis can rotate?.

The Acetabular Femoral

Why is the acetabular femoral joint unlikely to dislocate?

The hip joint is deep, and the head of the femur sits deep in the socket.

The tibia / fibula bears the majority of the weight

Tibia

True or False: The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.

True

Due to the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus all inserting in various locations on the linea aspera, a resulting movement that is facilitated when adducting the hip is ______.

external rotation

The __________ nerve innervates essentially all of the hip flexor muscles.

femoral

If desiring to emphasize work on the gluteus maximus during resisted hip extension exercises, the knee should be placed in _________.

flexion

The rectus femoris is more effective in hip flexion when the knee is in _________.

flexion

Anterior pelvic rotation is anterior movement of the upper pelvis where the iliac crest tilts______________ in the ___________________ plane.

forward / sagittal

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus / amphiarthrodial articulation of the knee joint.

ginglymus

The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the lateral femoral condyle / head of the fibula.

head

The origin of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is the anterior _______ and the surface of the ilium just below the crest.

iliac crest

The insertion of the iliopsoas muscle is the pectineal line and the _____ eminence, lesser trochanter of the femur, and the shaft just below.

iliopectineal

The popliteus originates on the medial / lateral aspect of medial /lateral femoral condyle.

lateral / lateral

What are the functions of the menisci in the knee joint?

load-bearing, load transmission, shock absorption, as well as lubrication and nutrition of articular cartilage

What is the common area of insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus (SGT muscles)?

medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle

The semitendinosus is located medially / laterally and internally / externally rotates the knee.

medially / internally

The _____________ nerve innervates both the adductor longus and gracilis muscles.

obturator

List the muscles the tibial nerve innervates:

popliteus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

The biceps femoris muscle is located ________ and performs _______ of the hip joint.

posteriorly / extension

The semimembranosus is located anteromedially / posteromedially and internally / externally rotates the knee.

posteromedially / internally

The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially / posteromedially on the medial / lateral tibial condyle.

posteromedially / medial

The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially / posteromedially on the medial/ lateral tibial condyle.

posteromedially / medial

List the agonist muscles during hip flexion:

psoas major, rectus femoris, and pectineus

The two pelvic bones join to form the amphiarthrodial joint referred to as the ___________________.

pubic symphysis

The patella serves as a _________by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee ___________.

pulley / extension

The quadriceps / hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

quadriceps

The tibial tuberosity serves as the insertion point for all of the ______________ muscles.

quadriceps

Posteriorly the right and left pelvis are joined together by the _____________.

sacrum

List the SGT muscles that insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface:

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

The three biarticular hamstring muscles are innervated the tibial division of the ____________ nerve.

sciatic

The patella is classified as an "__________" bone because of its shape.

sesamoid

The ____________ nerve innervates both the semitendinosus and semimembranosus.

tibial

The most palpable point of the femur at the hip is the greater ____________.

trochanter

The medial collateral ligament maintains medial stability by resisting varus /valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted.

valgus

List the key bony landmarks of the knee joint:

-Tibial tuberosity -Gerdy's tubercle (lateral tubercle) -Medial+Lateral femoral condyles

As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately ___ degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.

10

The knee joint can extend to ______ degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further.

180

Normally, the hip joint can be abducted to approximately _____degrees.

35

What is the difference between subluxations and dislocations?

A subluxation is a partial dislocation in which the bones come back in alignment. Dislocations are when at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment and must be manually or surgically reduced.

What is the medial or lateral origin and medial or lateral insertion points of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments on the femur and tibia?

ACL O: Medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle.ACL I: Anterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the tibiaPCL O: Anterolateral surface of the medial femoral condyle in intercondylar notch.PCLI: Posterior aspect of the tibia approximately 1 cm below joint line

The __________________ ligament is frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

List the agonist muscles during hip extension:

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint? a. Classified as an arthrodial type joint b. Hinge nature of patella on femoral condyles c. This joint lacks ligaments d. The joint is not commonly injured

Classified as an arthrodial type joint

List the (3) vasti quadriceps muscles and their origin:

Vastus intermedius - upper 2/3rd of anterior surface of femurVastus lateralis - intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of the linea aspera, and entire lateral intermuscular septumVastus medialis - whole length of of linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge

Is the knee joint is the largest joint in the body?

Yes

The gluteus medius muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip joint.

`laterally / abduction

The origin of the rectus femoris muscle is the anterior inferior iliac spine and the groove (posterior) above the _____.

acetebulum

What are the action(s) of the pectineus muscle?

adduction, flexion, and external rotation

Hip flexion is movement of the femur straight ______________toward the pelvis.

anteriorly

The iliopsoas muscle is located ______ and performs _______ of the hip joint.

anteriorly / flexion

The pectineus muscle is located ______ and performs _____ of the hip joint.

anteriorly / flexion

The sartorius muscle is located _________ and performs _________ of the hip joint.

anteriorly / flexion

The iliofemoral or Y ligament is located anteriorly / posteriorly and prevents flexion /hyperextension.

anteriorly / hyperextension

The acetabular femoral joint is a ______________ joint which is the most mobile joint.

ball and socket

Functions of the acetabular femoral joint include weight ____________ and ____________.

bearing / locomotion

What is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia that allows for reduced friction and freedom of movement?

bursae / synovial fluid

The medial __________ ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface.

collateral

Tears in menisci can occur due both ______________ and shear forces during _____________while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running.

compression / rotation

The quadriceps muscles perform concentric / eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.

concentric

The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does / does not articulate with the femur or patella.

does not

The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive ___________ and ______________.

extension / abduction