final exam: quiz questions

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A woman has always disliked clowns. However, she has very little reason to encounter them. When she does, she feels uncomfortable. She makes no effort to approach them, but she also makes no effort to avoid them. Which of the following best applies to this woman? no disorder social phobia generalized anxiety disorder specific phobia

According to DSM-IV-TR, in order to be diagnosed with mental retardation, a person must have an IQ of ________ or below and must show impairments in ________. 70; adaptive functioning 70; motor skills 50; adaptive functioning 50; motor skills

According to recent research, which of the following is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease? Chronic high levels of anger. Incredible amounts of energy that may show up in accelerated speech or motor activity. Excessive competitive drive. Lack of excitement in the face of challenges.

According to research, people with coronary heart disease who participate in stress-reduction programs are likely to: experience fewer heart attacks. experience an increase in blood pressure. gain weight. worry more about future heart attacks.

According to the ________, a person charged with a criminal offense should be found not guilty by reason of insanity if it is shown that, as a result of mental disease or mental retardation, he was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct at the time of his offense. Insanity Defense Reform Act American Law Institute rule M'Naghten rule Durham rule

According to the text, psychological treatment of PTSD typically involves: imaginal exposure to the trauma with cognitive therapy. directly confronting the person(s) who caused the trauma. attempting to forget all aspects of the trauma. talking about the trauma happening to another person.

According to the text, three pathways to social phobia are possible. Which of the following is NOT one of these? Generalized biological vulnerability to be very socially extraverted. Generalized biological vulnerability to develop anxiety. Direct experience with a social trauma. Generalized psychological vulnerability to believe that stressful events are uncontrollable.

All of the following have been implicated as possible causal factors for gender identity disorder EXCEPT: low levels of testosterone or estrogen at certain critical periods of prenatal development. a genetic vulnerability to develop the disorder. excessive attention and physical contact on the part of the opposite-sex parent. cross-sex interests and activities that are not discouraged or are encouraged.

Although she refuses it, Sherry needs mental health treatment because of her worsening hallucinations and delusions. Who will make the final decision about whether Sherry is placed in a treatment facility? a judge Sherry Sherry's closest family member a psychiatrist

An episode of delirium often indicates the presence of a medical condition that is causing the brain to dysfunction. that the individual is suffering from another psychological disorder. none of these that the individual is about to experience a progressive decline in cognitive functioning.

Anxiety is difficult to study because humans may manifest it in many different ways. it has no physiological consequences. animal research cannot be applied to our understanding of the human anxiety experience. it is implicated in only a few types of psychopathology.

As a child, Marcus was taught that sex is a dangerous, dirty act that should only be undertaken to produce children, and even then should not be enjoyed. As an adult, Marcus has numerous problems in his sex life and views sex in exclusively negative ways. Which of the following best describes Marcus' problem? erotophobia paraphilia performance anxiety hormone imbalance

As an attorney, you are trying to decide whether your client is competent to stand trial. Which of these is NOT an issue for this decision? Does the client appreciate that the act was wrong? Does the client understand the charges? Does the client understand the possible trial outcomes? Can the client assist in preparing the defense?

Because a mental disorder may lessen a person's ability to understand his/her behavior and criminal intent, it is difficult to prove mens rea. actus rea. involvement in the crime. diminished capacity. none of these

Because of the high risk involved, it is disturbing that approximately _____ of men in the United States have had 20 or more sexual partners. 25% 50% 5% 13%

Critics of the IQ-achievement discrepancy approach to diagnosing learning disorders recommend an alternative approach, which involves identifying a child as having a learning disorder when: the child's response to a known effective intervention is far below the performance of peers. the child's achievement test scores fall significantly below the scores of the child's peers. the child becomes frustrated by homework on seven or more consecutive school days. the child fails two consecutive tests that involve a substantial amount of reading or math.

Dependent personality disorder seems to develop in individuals who: do not bond with a caregiver due to early death or rejection. have parents who reinforce conformity and neatness. are rejected by parents who do not provide enough affection. are taught by parents to be careful about making mistakes.

Dr. Ragsdale determines that her treatment for depression is better than another treatment, but she also discovers that clinicians will not use her treatment because it takes too long to administer. Dr. Ragsdale has demonstrated that her treatment has ________ but not ________. clinical efficacy; clinical utility generalizability; feasibility feasibility; generalizability clinical utility; clinical efficacy

During the development of conversion disorder, the reduction in anxiety that occurs after the anxiety has been converted into physical symptoms is known as the: primary gain. la belle indifference. secondary gain. catharsis.

During times of stress, which of the following psychological states is most likely to be associated with high levels of cortisol? depression anxiety excitement self-efficacy

Even though the origins of cognitive disorders are clearly based in brain dysfunction causes, these disorders are still included in a textbook on abnormal psychology because the consequences of the disorders often include profound changes in a person's behavior and personality. they are easily treated with behavioral interventions. they are almost always seen in people who have other DSM-IV disorders. all of these

For marijuana users, "reverse tolerance" occurs when: more pleasure from the drug is reported after repeated use. a chronic user experiences withdrawal symptoms. chronic use renders the user unable to feel "high." a first-time user does not feel "high.

Gender differences in the rates of mental retardation _______ generally found among people with mild mental retardation and _______ generally found among people with more severe forms of this disorder. are; are not are; are are not; are not are not; are

Greta occasionally has sensations of detachment from her surroundings, as if she were in a dream. This feeling of unreality most often occurs when she is overtired. Greta is experiencing symptoms of a dissociative experience. conversion hysteria. dysmorphic disorder. neurosis.

How is acute stress disorder (ASD) different from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? ASD occurs right after a traumatic event, and PTSD begins one month to many years later. PTSD symptoms last for one month or less, but ASD symptoms last longer than a month. ASD develops after a relatively common stressor, but PTSD develops in response to a traumatic event. PTSD develops only after a person experiences physical injury, but ASD can develop when a person believes that he or she is in danger.

If a man can obtain a normal erectile response while asleep, but not while with a partner, the cause of his sexual dysfunction likely is still unknown. involves problems with his biological clock. is non-existent. is physiological in nature. is psychological in nature.

Imagine that you are driving your car when someone in another car suddenly pulls out in front of you. It seems that you are going to crash into the other car, but you are able to brake and prevent an accident. As you continue driving, you notice that your heart is racing, your breathing is more rapid than usual, and you feel a little dizzy. What is the name of this experience? flight or fight false alarm anxious avoidance panic attack

In Thompson v. County of Alameda (1980), the California Supreme Court ruled that a therapist does NOT have a duty to warn when: a client makes a nonspecific threat against nonspecific people. a client says that he is going to go home and kill his wife and children. a client threatens to harm a certain person at some future date. a client says he plans to shoot his boss, but doesn't say the boss' name.

Losing your sense of the reality of the external world is called: derealization. depersonalization disorder. a dissociative disorder. depersonalization.

Major biological contributions to the development of sexual dysfunctions include: neurobiological diseases both endocrine deficiencies and anxiety endocrine deficiencies anxiety

Male orgasmic disorder is none of these also known as premature ejaculation disorder. most commonly referred to as retarded ejaculation disorder. commonly referred to as retrograde ejaculation disorder.

Mark always has panic attacks when he is in elevators but in no other circumstances. His panic attacks are known as: situationally bound. unexpected. situationally predisposed. true alarm.

Mental health professionals do NOT have expertise in: determining whether someone is mentally ill. predicting a person's dangerousness next week. identifying whether a defendant is malingering. assessing a defendant's competence to stand trial.

Pathological gamblers display which of the following behaviors? all of these restlessness without gambling jeopardizing of relationships, jobs, education, or finances to support gambling need to gamble with increasing amounts of money

Research on the treatment of autism by Lovaas showed that both intensive behavioral treatment was more beneficial than less intensive treatment and children were more likely to improve when placed in regular classrooms. children were more likely to improve when placed in regular classrooms. none of these intensive behavioral treatment was more beneficial than less intensive treatment.

Research reports have suggested that homosexuality is all of these answers dependent upon certain environmental contributions. associated with exposure to hormones before birth. more likely concordant among monozygotic twins than among dizygotic twins or non-twin siblings.

Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug will influence the way they act when using the drug. This phenomenon is known as the: expectancy effect. opponent-process theory. dependency model. tolerance paradigm.

Research suggests that histrionic personality disorder and what other personality disorder may be sex-typed expressions of the same underlying condition? antisocial personality disorder borderline personality disorder avoidant personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder

Rob presented at the clinic with complaints that he is terrified to go anywhere that does not have a bathroom for fear that he will begin vomiting and not be able to stop. He has had one panic attack and reported that a week after that attack he felt no residual effects from the attack. Rob would most likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. panic disorder with agoraphobia. interoceptive agoraphobia. panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Roderick and his partner are seeking treatment for Roderick's premature ejaculation. The therapist encourages the couple to stimulate Roderick's penis to nearly full erection and then to squeeze the penis firmly to quickly reduce arousal. After repeating this process, insertion is to be attempted without thrusting and the penis removed if arousal proceeds too quickly. This treatment is called the squeeze technique. stimulus removal. retarded ejaculation. erotic desensitization. torture.

Studies involving group therapy and cancer suggest that both patients in group therapy may be more compliant to medical treatment and social support within the group may result in the development of a high sense of self-efficacy are true. social support within the group may result in the development of a high sense of self-efficacy. patients in group therapy may be more compliant to medical treatment. social support within groups has had little effect in increasing the life span of terminally ill cancer patients in the groups.

The ALDH2 gene increases the likelihood of a severe "flushing effect" in people of Asian descent. increases the likelihood of "blackouts" from low doses of alcohol. increases the depressive effects of alcohol. increases an individual's tolerance of alcohol.

The DSM uses a categorical approach to personality disorders. This is a problem because all of these these disorders may simply be extreme degrees of normal patterns. the severity of the disorders is not given much consideration. it may lead clinicians to view these disorders as real entities.

The comments, "people are out to get me," and "I don't trust anyone," are most characteristic of a person with: paranoid personality disorder. antisocial personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder. borderline personality disorder.

The difference between hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder is that sexual aversion disorder involves fear, panic, or disgust brought about by the thought of sex or a brief touch. hypoactive sexual desire disorder involves fear, panic, or disgust brought about by the thought of sex or a brief touch. sexual aversion disorder involves excessive sexual desire. hypoactive sexual desire disorder involves excessive sexual desire.

The problems experienced by people with avoidant personality disorder closely resemble those of people with what Axis I disorder? social phobia major depressive disorder post traumatic stress disorder schizophrenia

The public is often suspicious that the side that pays the expert witness determines the expert's opinion. expert witnesses won't become involved in court cases when they have their own strong opinions about the issues. expert witnesses are sought who will provide impartial information to the court. none of these

The three major characteristics of autism include all but which of the following? significant loss of previously acquired skills restricted behavior, interests, and activities impairment in communication impairment in social interactions

The urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body is referred to as: trichotillomania. pyromania. kleptomania. intermittent explosive disorder.

There is a growing body of opinion that DID is an extreme subtype of: posttraumatic stress disorder. somatization disorder. dissociative amnesia. panic disorder.

Tim becomes sexually aroused when he is bound with rope and flogged with a whip. These are the only circumstances in which he can become sexually aroused. Tim's behavior is an example of: masochism. pedophilia. hypoxiphilia. sadism.

Timmy, a young autistic boy, begins to cry and hit himself when one of his toys is placed on a corner of his desk that is different from where he usually keeps it. Timmy's preference for consistency in where his toys are placed is called: maintenance of sameness. autistic echolalia. ritualistic behavior. an obsession.

What biological system connects the septal and hippocampal area of the limbic system to the cortex, and when activated, causes a person to feel anxious and to apprehensively evaluate a situation to determine whether danger is present? behavioral inhibition system fight/flight system general adaptation syndrome the brain stem-midbrain-hypothalamus system

What do the text authors conclude about the effectiveness of the controlled drinking treatment program for alcohol abuse? It is at least as effective as abstinence: 20-30% of people are successfully treated. There is no way to be sure if it works because no research has been conducted. It is effective in 70% to 80% of the people who complete the treatment program. It is significantly less effective than Alcoholics Anonymous.

What does research indicate about the genetic basis of male homosexuality? The concordance rate of homosexuality is higher in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins. Male homosexuality has no genetic basis; it is caused by environmental factors only. The concordance rate of homosexuality is higher in dizygotic twins than monozygotic twins. A genetic mutation on the Y chromosome causes male homosexuality.

What field of study is concerned with the application of knowledge taken from behavioral science to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems? none of these psychosocial medicine health psychology behavioral psychology

What has research shown about the connection between stress-reduction programs and medication use in the treatment of tension headaches? Cognitive-behavioral treatment is more effective than antidepressant medication in the treatment of tension headaches. Long-term use of medications decreases the effectiveness of stress-reduction programs for tension headaches. Long-term use of medications increases the effectiveness of stress-reduction programs for tension headaches. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is not as effective as antidepressant medication in the treatment of tension headaches.

What is known about the course of personality disorders? Antisocial personality disorder symptoms tend to decrease after age 40. Histrionic personality disorder symptoms decrease after age 30. Schizoid personality disorder often develops into schizophrenia. Personality disorders are thought to begin in early adulthood and worsen over time.

What is the relationship between psychosocial factors and physical disorders? Psychosocial factors impact the etiology and treatment of physical disorders. Psychosocial factors impact the treatment of physical disorders, but not the etiology. Psychosocial factors have no impact on the etiology and treatment of physical disorders. Psychosocial factors impact the etiology of physical disorders, but not treatment.

What percentage of the general population meets criteria for pain disorder? 5% to 12% less than 1% 10% to 23% 1% to 2%

What pervasive developmental disorder is characterized by constant hand-wringing, increasingly severe mental retardation, and impaired motor skills after an apparently normal start in development? Rett's disorder Asperger's syndrome childhood disintegrative disorder autistic disorder

What seems to cause the interpersonal problems experienced by people with obsessive-compulsive disorder? general rigidity lack of empathy mistrust of others fear of rejection

When Mbella, who lives in New York City, goes home to visit family in Nigeria, she attends church services with her family. During these services, Mbella dissociates and dances around, sings, and shouts to others to give money to the church. The other people present believe that Mbella has been possessed by ancestral spirits, who must be obeyed. Although Mbella has never had an experience like this while in New York City, she enjoys this part of her home community's religious services. Which of the following best describes Mbella's symptoms? no disorder dissociative trance disorder dissociative fugue dissociative amnesia

Which categorization is used to describe sexual dysfunctions that only occur with certain partners or at certain times? situational lifelong generalized acquired

Which legal concept holds that individuals with mental illness may not have the same intent behind their criminal behavior as people without mental illness? diminished capacity parens patriae willful disobedience competence

Which of the following disorders is the most common? Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Autism Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Rett's Disorder

Which of the following factors can trigger delirium? all of these sleep deprivation head injury excessive stress

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of substance abuse? Showing signs of physiological tolerance. Repeated failure to go to classes due to being hungover. Recurrent substance use while driving. Continued substance use despite getting into fights when intoxicated.

Which of the following is NOT true about gender identity disorder (GID)? GID involves being sexually aroused by wearing articles of clothing associated with the opposite sex. Gender identity is independent of sexual orientation. A person with GID has a sense of identity that is inconsistent with the person's physical gender. GID is not diagnosed in a person who has an intersex condition.

Which of the following is NOT true about treatment for OCD? The type of medication typically used to treat OCD is a psychostimulant. Many people taking medication for OCD relapse after discontinuing medication. Cingulotomy is sometimes performed in severe cases of OCD. Exposure and ritual prevention involves exposure to feared thoughts or situations and prevention of compulsions.

Which of the following is characteristic of nicotine? Nicotine is considered to be highly addictive. It takes nicotine between 30 and 45 seconds to reach the brain. DSM-IV describes an intoxication pattern for nicotine. none of these

Which of the following statements is not true about borderline personality disorder? People with the disorder usually have a high self-image. People with the disorder tend to improve during their 30s and 40s. It is one of the more common personality disorders. Women are affected by the disorder more often than men.

Which of the following treatment-disorder pairs is NOT accurate? squeeze technique -- erectile dysfunction dilators -- vaginismus sensate focus -- premature ejaculation disinhibition exercises -- female orgasmic disorder

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between mental illness and dangerousness? Most studies suggest that people with mental illness are no more likely to be dangerous than people without mental illness. Men with mental illness who are Hispanic are more likely to be dangerous than men with mental illness from other ethnic groups. People with mental illness are more likely to be dangerous if they have been committed to a mental health facility against their will. Women with mental illness are more likely to be dangerous than women without mental illness.

Women may have a higher prevalence rate for Alzheimer's disease because they gradually lose estrogen. they do not seek treatment. they lack amyloid proteins. they lack testosterone.

Your client displays schizotypal personality disorder. Because you are a well-trained responsible professional, you know to assess for a likely comorbid disorder, namely major depressive disorder. eating disorders. histrionic personality disorder. sexual disorders.

________ describes a group of disorders in which sexual arousal occurs in the context of inappropriate objects or non-consenting people. Paraphilia Dyspareunia Transvestic fetishism Gender identity disorder My diary

__________ is characterized by the development of memory impairment, without a loss of high-level cognitive skills. Amnestic disorder Delirium all of these Dementia

____________ is a gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects judgment, memory, language, and other advanced cognitive processes. Dementia Amnestic disorder none of these Delirium

anxiety is: a: potentially helpful in planning for the future. b: an immediate alarm reaction to stressful situations. c: usually a sign of an underdeveloped ego. d: always a hindrance to adaptive functioning.

A person identified as exhibiting avoidant personality disorder has just lost a close friend to a rival and is now seeking other friendships as replacements. You know the person will conclude the original relationship person really wasn't good enough anyway. has been misdiagnosed. actually is desperate for nurturance. will assume the worst about other people.

A person with narcissistic personality disorder is most likely to also have: schizotypal personality disorder. antisocial personality disorder. histrionic personality disorder. paranoid personality disorder.

According to gate control theory, a person with negative emotions such as anxiety may experience pain more intensely because: the brain responds to anxiety by closing the gate that signals pain. the brain responds to anxiety by being more attentive to pain signals. the hormones responsible for the anxiety reaction also create pain. the brain responds to pain and negative emotions in the same way.

According to research, what seems to be the best treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome? antidepressant medication cognitive-behavioral therapy relaxation training psychodynamic therapy

According to the integrative model: the risk of developing one disorder is equal to the risk of developing any other disorder. a particular disorder may arise from multiple and different paths. if one factor causes a disorder, no other factors influence that disorder. once a disorder is finally treated, it is unlikely to return.

Amnestic disorder is characterized by: acute confusion and disorientation. difficulty remembering information and no other problems. deterioration of a broad range of cognitive functions. a break with reality that is not drug-induced.

Current data suggest that, with physical disorders and mental disorders, biological factors clearly differentiate physical disorders. psychological, biological, and social factors all are implicated in the cause and maintenance of each type of disorder. psychological and social factors clearly differentiate mental disorders. none of these answers

Currently, what is the only effective strategy for preventing AIDS? Administering the HIV vaccine. Changing high-risk behavior. Using a certain combination of drugs. Increasing HIV testing.

David Spiegel and his colleagues conducted research on the use of psychotherapy for women with advanced breast cancer. What did they find? Women who received psychotherapy with routine medical care were less depressed but did not show any other benefits. Women who received routine medical care plus psychotherapy lived twice as long as controls. Women who received routine medical care plus psychotherapy were cancer-free within 10 years. Women who received psychotherapy instead of routine medical care were less likely to die from cancer.

Dementia resulting from HIV-1 is sometimes referred to as: cortical dementia. subcortical dementia. head trauma. aphasia.

Freud described the physical symptoms of conversion hysteria as representing a displacement of anxiety left over from the oral stage. a conversion of an unconscious conflict into a socially acceptable form. a conversion involving suppressed memories of a traumatic event. a reaction formation involving suppressed memories of a traumatic event.

From the perspective of someone with panic disorder, why does agoraphobia develop? To avoid thinking about the things that are worrisome to them. To avoid situations that would feel unsafe if they had a panic attack. To avoid coming into contact with stimuli reminiscent of a traumatic event. To avoid situations in which they might be embarrassed.

Gerald, who suffers from exhibitionism, is instructed to masturbate to exhibitionistic fantasies, but just before ejaculation, to switch to more acceptable fantasies. Gerald is learning to use: covert sensitization. orgasmic reconditioning. systematic densensitization. relapse prevention.

Helen has slowly been losing her ability to remember recent events. Sometimes she finds herself lost without knowing where she wants to go. She has also forgotten the names of some of her family members. Helen is most likely suffering from: delirium. dementia. Huntington's disease. Parkinson's disease.

Hypochondriasis focuses on physical sensations and illness. For example, children report the same symptoms as other family members have had. Which of the following IS NOT one of the three other influential factors of hypochondriasis? A stressful life event, such as death or illness. Having suicidal thoughts or past family history of suicide. Numerous instances of disease in the family during childhood. Realizing the benefits of being the ill person.

In a study described in the text, when a case history of antisocial personality disorder was ascribed to a male client, therapists diagnosed it correctly. When the same behavior was ascribed to a woman the client was more frequently labeled dependent personality disorder. their different diagnosis probably reflects a belief by therapists, accurate or not, that males are more likely to display antisocial behavior. their different diagnosis proved the existence of gender bias. all of these

In the DSM-IV-TR, there are ________ groups of criteria for mental retardation, which is included on Axis _____. 4; II 3; II 5; I 2; III

In the case ofO'Connor v. Donaldson (1975), the Supreme Court ruled that: if a defendant is found guilty and is sent to a mental institution but recovers from the mental illness, he or she can then be sent to prison. a person cannot be involuntarily committed if he or she is non-dangerous and capable of surviving safely in freedom. sex offenders can be involuntarily committed at the end of a prison sentence if they are still considered a danger to others. more than just a promise of improving quality of life is required to commit someone involuntarily.

In the case ofWyatt v. Stickney , the court ruled that mentally retarded residents of mental health facilities should be moved to all of the following EXCEPT: smaller living units. group residences. independent living. less structured living.

In the relapse prevention treatment model, incidents of relapse are viewed as: inevitable consequences of people not committed to treatment. episodes brought on by temporary stress or a situation that can be changed. temporary symptoms that result from physiological cravings for the substance. proof that the treatment was not successful.

InRiggins v. Nevada , the Supreme Court ruled that: people cannot be confined to a mental health facility against their will. people cannot be forced to take antipsychotic medication. people cannot be forced to take any kind of medication. people cannot be forced to receive treatment to become competent.

Joan has been living with HIV for three years and has just started participating in a stress management support group. Based on previous research, what might Joan expect from her participation? An increase in the amount of antigens in her system. An increase in the activity of helper T and natural killer T cells. An increase in immune functioning, but only for the first few weeks of the group. An increase in depression as she discusses her illness.

Julie constantly worries that her house will burn down if she does not unplug and check all of her electrical appliances before she leaves the house. She has developed a routine of unplugging and checking that takes her about 1 hour to complete before she can leave the house. After performing this routine, she feels a little less anxious, although her anxiety quickly returns after she leaves the house. Even though Julie recognizes that her actions are excessive, she feels like she has no control over these behaviors. Based on these symptoms, what problem does Julie seem to have? generalized anxiety disorder obsessive compulsive disorder specific phobia no disorder

Learning disabilities are characterized by performance that is substantially above what would be expected given the person's age, IQ, and education. below what would be expected given the person's age, IQ, and education. lower than 50% of the person's peer group. diminished from one year to the next.

Many people have fantasies of unlimited power, brilliance or beauty, but a man who also believes himself grandly unique, entitled to special privileges, is arrogant, and expects to be admired and recognized as superior while envying others who are successful, might find himself with a psychological diagnosis. Which personality disorder would apply? psychology study guide author the one named for the mythological Greek character Narcissus the one named for the Greek word for "uterus" borderline personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder

Margery has four symptoms of somatization disorder (two pain symptoms and two gastrointestinal symptoms). No medical basis has been found for these symptoms. These symptoms impair Margery's functioning. Which of the following best fits Margery? no disorder undifferentiated somatoform disorder somatization disorder conversion disorder

Mary was 18 years old when she was involved in a serious car accident. Before the car accident her IQ was 95 and she was living independently. Now, her IQ is 50 and she has impairment in many of her adaptive functions. Under DSM-IV, what would Mary's diagnosis be? Mild Mental Retardation none of these answers Mental Retardation, Severity Unspecified Moderate Mental Retardation

Of people with DID, the ratio of females to males is as high as: 2:1 9:1 7:1 4:1

People with avoidant personality disorder report childhood experiences involving: parental reinforcement of conformity. rejection and conflict with others. being taught to be careful about making mistakes. excessive attention and affection from parents.

Personality disorders involve enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that cut across many times and places. all of these may cause functional impairment. may cause subjective distress.

Research regarding use of the "not guilty by reason of insanity" (NGRI) defense has found that the public: underestimates how often people use the defense in felony cases. overestimates how often people use this defense successfully. underestimates how often people who use this defense are set free. overestimates how long people who are judged NGRI are confined to a hospital.

Research suggesting that cigarette smoking by teenagers increases the risk for developing anxiety disorders as adults indicates that the negative effects of smoking are permanent. environmental factors can affect susceptibility to the development of anxiety disorders. adolescents have underdeveloped brain circuits. nicotine decreases anxiety levels.

Rita suffers from a panic disorder. After she begins exercising her heart rate increases. A cognitive theorist would predict that Rita would interpret the increased heart rate in a catastrophic way. all of these experience a surge of anxiety after interpreting the heart rate increase as something dangerous. be likely to experience a panic attack if she interprets any additional physical sensations as signs of increasing danger.

Sapolsky's research with baboons is consistent with which of the following statements about humans? Humans who live in small groups (e.g., families) are less likely to experience chronic stress than humans who live alone. Individuals who work under supervisors who are critical at unexpected times and in unexpected ways are likely to experience a prolonged stress response. Aggressive individuals are most likely to be physically healthy because their anger stimulates the release of energizing stress hormones. Individuals who have access to consistent sources of food, warmth, and shelter are less likely to experience stress than individuals for whom those resources are inconsistent.

Simone and her husband have sex about once a month. Simone says she wants to have sex but can't seem to achieve adequate lubrication to make sex enjoyable. Simone's symptoms are most consistent with: impotence. sexual arousal disorder. sexual aversion disorder. vaginismus.

Somatization disorder and antisocial personality disorder are often associated with gender and may be explained by similar underlying neurological mechanisms. Which of the following statements best describes this relationship? Males and females both have inhibition and activation systems, but males have better developed activation systems and females have better developed inhibition systems. Behavioral inhibition and activation systems (fight/flight systems) are characterized by differing behavioral outcomes in males and females due to cultural norms. Women with antisocial personality disorder may have an underlying deficit in the behavioral activation system and men with somatization disorder may have an underlying deficit in the behavioral inhibition system. none of these

Some authors have argued that personality disorders are biased against females. What information supports this argument? Many women with one personality disorder also meet criteria for another personality disorder. More women are diagnosed with histrionic and dependent personality disorders, but the actual prevalence is equal in males and females. Several personality disorders represent extreme versions of stereotypically masculine traits. One study found that psychologists incorrectly diagnosed more men as having histrionic personality disorder.

Studies of links between Type A behavior patterns and coronary heart disease (CHD) have revealed which of the following? all of these a positive relationship between Type A behavior and CHD no relationship between Type A behavior and CHD a negative relationship between Type A behavior and CHD

Substance-induced delirium is often treated with antidepressants. benzodiazepines. cold-turkey withdrawal. psychostimulants.

Supportive counseling for caregivers of people with dementia may involve assertiveness training, though little evidence for its effectiveness exists. all of these are true except a includes information about the causes and treatments of the disorder, and even about financial and legal issues. seems to be more necessary for African-American families than for white families.

Susan has a systolic blood pressure of 145 and a diastolic blood pressure of 95. Susan's blood pressure would be deemed too low, and therefore unhealthy. cause for concern, even though her blood pressure is not categorically high. considered high by World Health Organization standards. considered normal.

The AAMR description of different levels of mental retardation is based on: what the person is able to learn. the level of support or assistance people need. the IQ score of the person. the ability of the person

The DSM-IV system of diagnosis is __________, whereas, many theorists propose that personality disorders occur on a continuum, rather than an all-or-none dichotomous fashion. These theorists propose changing to a ______________ system of diagnosis. trait based; behavior based category based; dimension based behavior based; trait based dimension based; category based

The disorders grouped under the category of cognitive disorders share the common impairment of memory. all of these perception. thinking.

The families of people with ADHD show an increased rate of all of the following disorders EXCEPT: substance abuse. somatoform disorders. conduct disorder. anxiety disorders.

The immune system protects the body from foreign materials known as: macrophages. antigens. antibodies. immunoglobulins.

The major aspect(s) involved in the assessment of sexual behavior include(s): psychophysiological assessment all of these answers thorough medical evaluation interviewing

The most commonly used medication for children with ADHD is: antidepressants. stimulants. opioids. anxiolytics.

The predominant cognitive deficit displayed by individuals with Alzheimer's disease is facial agnosia. impairment of their memory. aphasia. apraxia.

The right to treatment promotes patient movement from dependent to independent living units. all EXCEPT c promotes patient movement from smaller to larger living units. requires the least restrictive treatment option possible. includes minimum staff-to-patient ratios.

The symptoms of conversion disorder mimic: sexual dysfunctions. neurological disorders. gastrointestinal disorders. chronic pain conditions.

The term "hysteria" has historically linked dissociative disorders and somatization disorder. somatoform and dissociative disorders. somatoform disorders with their subtypes. conversion disorders with the schizophrenias.

Under ________, the government takes responsibility for protecting the public health, safety, and welfare, and can create laws and regulations to ensure this protection. the Durham rule police power the duty to warn parens patriae power

Unlike most boys his age, young Tim spends most of his time with girls, playing games usually associated with girls. According to one theorist, this pattern may contribute to homosexual development in Tim because it makes boys more exotic. all of these answers derive from the theory. it makes boys more attractive. it makes girls too familiar to consider as sex partners.

What Supreme Court case established that criminal defendants must be able to understand the charges against them and assist with their own defense? Jackson v. Indiana Dusky v. U.S. Thompson v. County of Alameda Medina v. California

What does glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) do? Regulate dopamine production. Preserve and possibly restore neurons. Break down amyloid plaques. Cure hypothyroidism.

What is the relationship between alcohol use and sexual arousal and behavior? At high doses, alcohol makes people feel more like having sex, but this effect is reversed at low doses. Alcohol use makes it more difficult for men to achieve erection and for women to achieve lubrication. Alcohol increases the length and quality of the arousal phase and improves the quality of orgasm. Alcohol at low doses makes people more inhibited and less likely to initiate conversations or sexual relations.

What pervasive developmental disorder is characterized by a severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to 4-year period of normal development? autistic disorder childhood disintegrative disorder Asperger's disorder Rett's disorder

What type of delirium may be diagnosed in a person who has taken too much of a particular type of medication? Delirium due to multiple etiologies. Substance-induced delirium. Delirium due to a medical condition. Delirium not otherwise specified.

What was the Supreme Court's decision inMedina v. California ? An incompetent defendant cannot be held indefinitely and after a reasonable period of time, must be found competent, set free, or civilly committed. The defense bears the burden of proof in establishing a criminal defendant's incompetence. A defendant is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was caused by mental disease or defect. Mental health professionals have a duty to warn people who are at risk of being harmed by one of the mental health professional's clients.

When asked to memorize and then recall a list of words, subjects who were asked to simulate amnesia: recalled more words than subjects with hypnotically induced amnesia. showed below-chance levels of recognition of the word list. exhibited above-chance levels of recognition of the word list. recalled the same number of words as subjects with hypnotically induced amnesia.

When is a diagnosis of AIDS made? After living with HIV for 10 years. When a serious disease develops. After the first positive HIV test. When the person first contracts HIV.

Which Supreme Court decision substantially limited the government's ability to commit individuals unless they were dangerous? Durham v. Carpenter Addington v. Texas Montgomery v. Virginia O'Donnell v. California

Which disorder can be diagnosed definitively only at autopsy by the presence of large numbers of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles? delirium dementia of Alzheimer's type vascular dementia Huntington's disease

Which form of treatment for paraphilia is carried out entirely in the imagination of the patient? orgasmic reconditioning covert desensitization relapse prevention exposure and response prevention

Which is true of avoidant personality disorder? Behavioral interventions for anxiety and social skills problems have had some success. both behavioral interventions for anxiety and social skills problems have had some success and treatments are similar to those used for social phobia. Treatments are similar to those used for social phobia. As with most personality disorders, research on treatment effectiveness is lacking

Which legal principle forms the basis for the insanity defense? If a person poses a danger to themselves or others, the government must take steps to protect society from this person. Under certain circumstances, people are not responsible for their behavior and it would be unfair to punish them. At certain times, individuals are unable to legally look after their own affairs and need someone else to do this. If a person poses a danger to themselves or others, the government must take steps to protect the dangerous individual.

Which of the following MUST occur in order for a person to develop posttraumatic stress disorder? Being born with a vulnerability to anxiety. Experiencing a traumatic event. Watching a scary movie on television. Observing someone show fear around a particular animal.

Which of the following best describes the effect of opioid intoxication? increased aggressiveness euphoria and drowsiness hypervigilance and paranoia visual hallucinations

Which of the following drugs has NOT been shown to be effective (compared to placebo) in the treatment of social phobia? Paxil Beta-blockers Zoloft MAO inhibitors

Which of the following has NOT been examined as a possible cause for schizotypal personality disorder? Damage to the left hemisphere of the brain. Abuse during childhood. A schizophrenia genotype. Prenatal exposure to influenza.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the performance anxiety associated with sexual dysfunction? negative affect positive expectations arousal cognitive processes

Which of the following is NOT true about ADHD? Teens with ADHD are more likely than others to have car accidents. Most children with ADHD do not have ongoing difficulties as adults. Over time, children with ADHD tend to become less impulsive. Three times more boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD

Which of the following is NOT true about sexual activity in older adults? Decreases in sexual activity are correlated with decreases in overall health. Fewer men than women in this age group continued to be sexually active. Half of men and 36% of women age 70-79 continue to be sexually active. The speed and intensity of vasocongestive responses decrease with age.

Which of the following is NOT true about treatment of paraphilias? Psychosocial treatments for paraphilia are not readily available outside of specialized treatment centers. Paraphilias seem to be one of the most difficult-to-treat psychological disorders. Without treatment, paraphilias tend to be chronic disorders. Treatment for paraphilia seems to have long-lasting effects, with success for longer than 10 years.

Which of the following is NOT typically part of an assessment of sexual behaviors? a thorough medical evaluation a CT or MRI scan of the brain an interview and self-report questionnaires a psychophysiological assessment

Which of the following is an example of chronic pain? Last month, Elaine broke her ankle. It is still healing, but she does not experience any pain in the ankle. Six months ago, Julia pulled a muscle in her lower back. The muscle has healed, but the pain persists. Eight months ago, Roger was in a serious car accident and broke, or fractured, many bones. His pain has decreased over time, and is almost gone. Seven weeks ago, Kevin had surgery on his knee. He experienced a lot of pain at first, but it has subsided as he has recovered from surgery.

Which of the following is not considered in the text as a cognitive factor related to causes of substance-related disorders? none of these opponent process theory - negative reinforcement sense triggers expectancy effect

Which of the following is true about sexual practices in the United States? The regular use of condoms during sexual intercourse has not increased over the last 20 years. Sexual practices in the United States are very similar to those in Britain and France. There are more females than males engaged in exclusively homosexual activity. Masturbation is positively correlated with better sexual functioning in older age.

Which of the following is true of most people with profound mental retardation? They can live independently with minimal supervision. They require assistance for eating and bathing. They have an IQ between 25 and 40. They can be trained to perform various job tasks.

Which of the following isnot a cognitive disorder? Amnestic disorder Mental Retardation Delirium Dementia

Which of the following sexual disorders are gender-specific? dyspareunia and premature ejaculation vaginismus and premature ejaculation hypoactive sexual desire disorder vaginismus and sexual arousal disorder

Which of the following statements characterize men with sexual dysfunction? They experience negative affect. all of these answers They are distracted by nonsexual stimuli. They show decreased arousal under "performance demand" conditions. They show decreased arousal under "performance demand" conditions and they experience negative affect.

Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur in someone with hypochondriasis? Realization that the presence of an illness could qualify the individual for full-time disability benefits. Interpreting momentary flutters in the stomach as a sign of illness. Reluctance to visit the doctor for fear of having a panic attack. Enjoyment of the immediate attention that is received when visiting a doctor.

While both factitious disorders and malingering have feigned symptoms that are under voluntary control, they differ in that the goal of factitious disorders is _______, whereas, the goal of malingering is _______. to manipulate the system to gain a desired end; to assume the sick role. to assume the sick role; to manipulate the system to gain a desired end. to avoid societal punishment or responsibility; to gain positive attention. to present oneself in a more favorable light; to avoid societal punishment or responsibility.

Why does the hippocampus degenerate in response to chronic stress? With chronic stress, catecholamine levels decrease. The hippocampus needs catecholamines in order to function and without them, the hippocampus breaks down. Cortisol levels increase with stress. Cortisol kills hippocampal cells, which limits the ability of the hippocampus to stop the stress response, leading to more cortisol production. Glucocorticoids are released by the hippocampus. With chronic stress, and chronic release of glucocorticoids, the hippocampus eventually starts to degenerate. The hippocampus releases corticotropin-releasing factor in response to stress; with chronic stress, this substance is depleted, which kills cells in the hippocampus.

Why is body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) classified as a somatoform disorder? It involves intentional production of physical symptoms. Its central feature is a preoccupation with somatic issues. It tends to co-occur with other somatoform disorders. It has the same inherited genetic cause as other somatoform disorder

A court case has established that psychologically disordered individuals who are incompetent to stand trial must do as much as possible that might make them competent to stand trial. do not have a guaranteed right to treatment to make them competent. cannot be forced to take psychotropic medications to make them competent to stand trial. have a right to treatment. cannot be responsible for the burden of proof.

A diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in the same client is called comorbidity. may indicate the disorders are poorly defined. all of these may reveal substantial overlap among the disorder categories.

A pervasive pattern of overconcern with orderliness, control, and perfectionism, at the expense of openness and flexibility is the DSM-IV definition of histrionic personality disorder. is the DSM-IV category known as schizotypal personality disorder. is the DSM-IV definition of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. can be typical of people who grade these exams.

A type of amnestic disorder that results from prolonged and excessive alcohol use is McGowin-Swenson syndrome. Broca-Mandling syndrome. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Monger-Rolland syndrome.

About 75% of mental retardation cases are caused by: a chromosomal abnormality. a recessive gene abnormality. psychosocial and biological factors. alcohol exposure in the womb.

According to the text, ________ are the most frequently prescribed drugs for GAD. antipsychotics SSRI's benzodiazepines beta-blockers

According to the text, which is NOT true in the treatment of paranoid personality disorder? Clients usually seek help for problems such as anxiety or depression, rather than for their personality disorder. No therapy has been shown to greatly improve the lives of those with the disorder. Paradoxical intervention is used; i.e. therapists intentionally lie to these clients to create mistrust. Clients often do not remain in therapy long enough to be helped.

Acute stress disorder is really PTSD occurring directly after the trauma. is a new disorder in DSM-IV. all of these answers can include dissociative symptoms.

After John Hinckley tried to kill President Reagan in 1981, he was hospitalized rather than imprisoned. The jury ruled he was not responsible because a mental disease made him unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his act at the time of the shooting. his behavior was the result of a mental disease or defect. a mental disease or defect made him lack capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his act, or to conform to the law. a defect of reason made him unable to know what he was doing, or that it was wrong.

All of the following are types of learning disorders in DSM-IV-TR except mathematics disorder. disorder of written expression. school performance disorder. reading disorder.

Amniocentesis is a cognitive mental disorder. used to determine the degree of disability in a child. a method of testing for the presence of Down syndrome before birth. an x-linked disorder.

Asperger's disorder shares characteristics similar to autistic disorder except for the language delay present in Asperger's disorder. impairments in social relationships seen in autistic disorder. the language delay present in autistic disorder. impairments in social relationships seen in Asperger's disorder.

Biofeedback is a process of stress reduction requiring subjects to tense muscles in order to facilitate better relaxation. the process through which neurotransmitters are released into synaptic clefts. a process through which patients monitor their own physiological functions. used by farm animals to store and recycle unused food for later consumption.

Biological treatments for dementia are usually ineffective because vitamin E treatments have proven ineffective. no medications exist that provide even temporary symptom relief. there is no effective treatment for the primary disorder. persons with dementia rarely participate in treatment.

Blaine graduated from high school with a B+ average. During college, at the age of 22, he was in a severe car accident and almost died. After the accident, Blaine's IQ was measured as 65. Based on DSM-IV-TR criteria, which of the following best describes Blaine's mental function? mild mental retardation severe mental retardation none of these moderate mental retardation

Chronic pain is predicted by all of the following factors EXCEPT: low social support and anxiety. possible compensation resulting from a disability claim. having to work despite the pain. poor coping skills and depression

Delirium is characterized by: deterioration of a broad range of cognitive functions. a break with reality that is not drug-induced. acute confusion, disorientation, and impaired consciousness. difficulty remembering information and no other problems.

How do individuals with blood-injury-injection phobia differ from those with other phobias? in their familial history of the disorder in their physiological reaction both in their physiological reaction and in their familial history of the disorder in their avoidance behavior

If a person with dissociative identity disorder seeks treatment, the treatment-seeking personality is usually the: cross-gender identity. impulsive identity. host identity. protector identity.

In Congress, the laws were changed so that individuals could be committed to mental hospitals more easily if they were in need of treatment. This led to an increase in the number of patients admitted to mental hospitals. decrease in the number of patients admitted to mental hospitals. more patients admitted involuntarily. deinstitutionalization. more patients admitted voluntarily.

Joseph is staying up all night to study for an exam. He begins to feel sleepy around 1 a.m. and takes a drug to help him stay awake. Which substance will make Joseph feel more awake? a barbiturate a benzodiazepine an amphetamine alcohol

Juan is intensely fearful that he will develop the flu. He avoids visiting most public places and no longer hangs out with his friends and relatives. At work, Juan always keeps his office door closed, talking to coworkers only by telephone. In addition, Juan takes his temperature every 30 minutes to check for fever. Juan's behavior is consistent with: somatization disorder. hypochondriasis. illness phobia. conversion disorder.

Maladaptive changes that occur due to acute ingestion of a substance are part of: tolerance. withdrawal. intoxication. abuse.

Malingering differs from factitious disorder in that in malingering, symptoms are intentionally feigned and in factitious disorder they are not. malingering may include extending the symptoms to family members by proxy. in malingering, there is an identifiable external gain. family-oriented psychotherapy is a more effective treatment for factitious disorder than for malingering.

Many diseases that are biological in nature are affected by psychological factors. are affected by stress. all of these answers are affected by behavioral choices.

Mayou and colleagues proposed that ________ should be renamed "health anxiety disorder" and placed with the anxiety disorders. conversion disorder somatization disorder illness phobia hypochondriasis

Mrs. Thompson brought her 4-year-old daughter, Carmen, to the emergency room stating that the child had been vomiting nonstop throughout the morning. Carmen's condition improved over the course of several days. On the day of her discharge from the hospital, a nurse walked in as Mrs. Thompson was giving Carmen a drink of floor cleaner. Mrs. Thompson's behavior is consistent with: malingering. factitious disorder. Munchausen syndrome by proxy. conversion disorder by proxy.

Researchers have identified protective factors that help prevent the development of PTSD after a person experiences a traumatic event. All of the following are protective factors EXCEPT: experiencing strong social support from many people. using coping strategies such as active problem solving. becoming angry and placing blame on others. receiving support and assistance from family members.

The anxious and fearful personality disorders are categorized on: none of these. Cluster C. Cluster A. Cluster B.

The beliefs of the general public about the insanity defense fail to reflect reality in that the insanity defense is no longer legal in most states. the insanity defense is rarely abused, except in highly publicized cases. the insanity defense is used successfully far less often than the public believes. the insanity defense does not mean that the person does not go to jail.

The breath analyzer test for alcohol intoxication works because of the fact that: alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream. alcohol crosses the blood-brain barrier. alcohol is exhaled from the lungs. alcohol is metabolized by the liver.

The criteria developed by the American Law Institute suggested that individuals were not responsible for their criminal behavior if they suffered from a mental disorder. they could not remember it. due to mental illness, they could not control or recognize the inappropriateness of criminal behavior. they did not recognize that their behavior was wrong and could not control it.

The development of deviant patterns of sexual arousal may be associated with levels of "desired" arousal in consenting adults. early sexual fantasies that are reinforced through masturbation. all of these deficiencies in consensual adult social skills.

The most common phobia, the fear of public speaking, is an example of agoraphobia. specific, situational phobia. social phobia. none of these answers specific phobia.

Were the goals of deinstitutionalization met? No; the number of mentally ill homeless people did not change. Yes; people with mental illness moved into nursing homes and jails. No; a network of community mental health centers was not created. Yes; large state-run mental hospitals were built and opened.

What are the potential effects of increased levels of stress hormones in stress response? The ability of the hippocampus to "turn off" the body's stress response may be compromised. The high level of stress hormones will cause the stress response to stop. Both "among the aged, deficits in problem-solving skills and dementia may develop" and "the ability of the hippocampus to "turn off" the body's stress response may be compromised". Among the aged, deficits in problem-solving skills and dementia may develop.

What is the common link among somatoform disorders? Both they all stem from anxiety and they are a subset of dissociative disorders. They all stem from anxiety. In each of the disorders, individuals are pathologically concerned with the appearance or functioning of their bodies. They are a subset of dissociative disorders.

What research evidence suggests that at least some people with dissociative identity disorder are not consciously and voluntarily simulating alters? People with DID are usually eager to demonstrate their symptoms and do so in a fluid fashion. Several studies have shown that different alters have the same psychophysiological profiles. One person with DID showed changes in brain function when switching from one alter to another. Research participants asked to simulate DID are able to produce reasonably plausible alters.

Which of the following accurately indicates the effects associated with the drug category? Hallucinogens help build muscle mass and can cause aggression. Stimulants produce temporary analgesia and euphoria. Depressants cause behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation. Opiates alter sensory perception and can produce hallucinations.

Which of the following chromosomes hasnot been linked to the onset of Alzheimer's disease? 19 21 2 14

Which of the following correctly identifies the relationship between psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and criminality? Not all criminals are psychopaths, but all criminals have antisocial personality disorder. Psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and criminality are distinct and do not occur in the same individuals. People with antisocial personality disorder may be psychopaths and/or criminals. All psychopaths meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder, but are not necessarily criminals.

Which of the following hasnot been implicated as a possible cause of dementia? Alzheimer's disease lack of blood flow to the brain due to stroke axon-depleting cytosis head trauma

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of sex disorders involving pain? Women report more cases of dyspareunia than do men. The two types of pain disorders are dyspareunia and vaginismus. Prevalence of vaginismus does not vary significantly in different cultures. Vaginismus is more common than dyspareunia.

Which of the following is NOT true about hypertension in the United States? About 28% of 35- to 64-year-olds have hypertension. Blood pressure is considered high if it exceeds 160 over 95. Elevations in systolic blood pressure are most associated with disease risk. African Americans are twice as likely as whites to develop hypertension.

Which of the following is NOT true of personality disorders? They are categorized in Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR. Personality disorder symptoms cause significant impairment or distress. Personality disorder symptoms are exhibited only in stressful situations. DSM-IV-TR lists 10 personality disorders.

Which of the following is characteristic of delirium? Delirium is characterized by reduced clarity of consciousness and cognition. Delirium was one of the first disorders to be recounted in history. all of these Delirium develops over a course of several hours or days.

Which of the following is not a communication disorder? selective mutism stuttering Asperger's disorder expressive language disorder

Which of the following is not a paraphilia? exhibitionism fetishism sadistic rape sexual sadism

Which of the following might be considered in treating an individual with schizotypal personality disorder? social skills training anti-depressant medication all of these encouraging acceptance of the behaviors without major changes

Which one of the following is NOT one of the personality dimensions in the five-factor model? agreeableness neuroticism hyperactivity conscientiousness

Which stage of the sexual response cycle does NOT have a sexual dysfunction associated with it? orgasm desire resolution arousal

While conducting his relaxation procedure, Jim silently repeats a sound to minimize distracting thoughts. The name for this procedure is progressive muscle relaxation. biofeedback. relaxation response. autogenic relaxation training.

Why are the majority of people who suffer from agoraphobia women? Women are more likely to employ cognitive distortions in which they appraise events as threatening. The hormonal system in women sensitizes the female nervous system to stress and anxiety. Cultural factors make it more acceptable for women to avoid situations and to report their fears. Chromosomal features related to sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis are more common in women.

You are thinking about the test you have next week, and you are really concerned because you have not done well on the past tests. You notice that your heart is beating a little faster than usual. Your experience is most likely to be: an alarm reaction. panic. anxiety. fear.

_______ is defined as recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving acts in which the psychological or physical suffering of a victim is sexually exciting to a person. Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving acts of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer is characteristic of ________. Sexual sadism; sadistic rape Sexual masochism; sadistic rape Sexual sadism; sexual masochism Sadistic rape; sexual masochism

_______ refers to psychological dissatisfaction with one's biological gender. Dyspareunia Transvestic fetishism Gender identity disorder Paraphilia

________ are psychoactive substances that are among the most likely to produce physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal. These substances include alcohol and anxiolytic drugs. Hallucinogens Stimulants Depressants Opioids

________ is a psychosocial treatment carried out entirely in the imagination of the patient. Imaginary relapse reconditioning Orgasmic reconditioning Covert sensitization Relapse prevention

"Pa-leng" is a phobia stemming from paternal abuse. the sound that money makes when it falls into the therapist's pocket. a Japanese form of obsessive-compulsive disorder. a fear of cold found in Chinese cultures.

A central feature of hypochondriasis is a distrust of medical personnel. interpretation of harmful stimuli as nonthreatening. more acute physical sensations than someone without hypochondriasis. interpretation of almost any physical sensation or symptom as threatening.

A client you are treating for her sexual dysfunction relates a recent situation where a sexual encounter seemed likely. In that situation she probably none of these had excessively high expectations. all of these underestimated how physically aroused she was. became totally focused on sex alone, to the exclusion of any distraction.

A man wakes up and is unable to remember anything about his past, including who he is. He is likely suffering from: depersonalization disorder. selective amnesia. localized amnesia. generalized amnesia.

A man who persistently worries about being humiliated or embarrassed when talking to women is showing signs of: specific phobia. panic disorder. agoraphobia. social phobia.

A person infected with HIV the diagnosis of AIDS is made at the discretion of individual physicians. is diagnosed with AIDS after the infection is discovered. is diagnosed with AIDS upon the development of AIDS-related complex. is diagnosed with AIDS only after the development of one of several serious diseases e.g., wasting syndrome.

A probable psychological cause of substance-related disorders is none of these negative reinforcement. positive reinforcement. both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

A psychologist who analyzes and recommends improvements in health care systems and health policy formation is most likely a specialist in: behavioral medicine. clinical psychology. neuropsychology. health psychology.

A specific phobia involving motorcycles can develop as a result of a predisposition to develop fear combined with watching another person experience a motorcycle accident. hearing your mother repeatedly warn you about the doom associated with motorcycles. experiencing a traumatic event yourself, such as a motorcycle skid. all of these answers

According to Fausto-Sterling, a "merm" is someone who has: ovaries and some aspect of male genitalia. both testes and ovaries. gender identity disorder. male genitalia and some aspect of female genitalia.

After Mr. Khalil's 85th birthday he began to experience difficulties that appeared to be characteristic of delirium. His psychologist is careful about making a diagnosis, as she realizes that a diagnosis of delirium in the elderly is difficult since the majority of assessment techniques that are used to make such a diagnosis were designed primarily for use with children. since the DSM-IV criteria are so rigid that many people with the disorder do not get properly diagnosed. all of these due to the combination of medical illnesses and medications used to treat illnesses within the elderly population.

All but which of the following may be related to nocturnal panic? all are related slow wave sleep sleep apnea nightmares

Alzheimer's disease progresses _______________and eventually accounts for approximately _____ percent of all cases of dementia. rapidly; 40 rapidly; 60 gradually; 70 gradually; 50

As you prepare to open your own Sexual Disorders Clinic, you need to order some specialized equipment. All of the following devices can be used to measure the ability of individuals to become sexually aroused except penile strain gauge. vaginal photoplethysmograph. All of these are appropriate measures. sphygmomanometer.

Autism is more prevalent among ________ with IQs under 35 but more prevalent among ________ in the higher IQ range. males; females neither males nor females; females males; neither males nor females females; males

Avoidance of internal physical sensations is called: apprehension expectation. agoraphobic avoidance. anxiety sensitivity. interoceptive avoidance.

Batman is walking down a dark alley in Gotham City. Suddenly, a dark figure jumps out from behind a trash bin and points a gun at him. Batman turns and runs, faster than a speeding bullet. This is an example of anxiety. panic. wimpy behavior. alarm response.

Before diagnosing intermittent explosive disorder, what disorder must be ruled out? antisocial personality disorder Alzheimer's disease psychotic disorder all of these

Caffeine is a ________ that affects the brain stem by ________. depressant; blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter adenosine. stimulant; aiding in the reuptake of the neurotransmitter adenosine. depressant; aiding in the reuptake of the neurotransmitter adenosine. stimulant; blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter adenosine.

Characteristics of autistic disorder include which of the following? restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior significant impact on social interactions and communication all of these

Compared to homeless men, homeless women are more likely to be involuntarily committed because they are perceived as: more likely to be a danger to others, even if they do not exhibit aggressive behavior. more likely to experience hallucinations and delusions, and to act on those experiences. mentally ill and in need of treatment, which they will not seek for themselves. less capable of caring for themselves, and thus at greater risk of harming themselves.

Competence to stand trial involves _________ at the time of the trial. ability to assist in one's own defense the absence of a diagnosed psychological disorder mental health understanding the charges and ability to assist in one's own defense understanding the charges

Elliot constantly worries about his health, his finances, his job security, and the stability of his marriage. Often, his worries keep him awake at night, causing him to be so fatigued at work that he cannot perform his duties adequately. His wife is becoming frustrated with him, since he is so preoccupied with his worries that he is unable to do the dinner dishes when it is his turn. Elliot's problem might be diagnosed as panic disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. simple phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

Every year during finals week in December, Judy came down with a severe cold. It was the only cold she got each year. Which is the most likely explanation for this pattern of colds? Judy's roommate caught a cold every December and gave it to Judy. There is no rational explanation. It is just a random pattern of colds. Cold viruses are present only in December. The stress of final exams left Judy more susceptible to colds.

In a study of false memory, researchers asked 3-year-old girls who visited a physician's office whether they were touched in their genital area. The results of this study suggest that young children are not very accurate in reporting what happened to them. suggest that 60% of the children who were examined genitally, inaccurately reported that they were not examined. suggest that 60% of the children who were not examined genitally, inaccurately reported that they were. all of these

Jason believes that his nose is unusually large, ugly, and out of proportion to his face (objective observers would say that his nose is average). When he sees or talks to someone, Jason believes that the other person is looking only at his nose, thinking about how huge and ugly it is. When he is in any public setting, Jason is constantly worrying about others looking at his nose. He does not have any other social concerns. Nonetheless, Jason avoids social situations as much as possible. These problems cause significant impairment in Jason's life. Which of the following best describes Jason's symptoms? social phobia dissociative identity disorder somatization disorder body dysmorphic disorder

Jenna, a recently-married young woman, described episodes of "spacing out." During these episodes, she feels as if she is observing herself from outside of her body. Her experiences seem "dream-like" and she reports feeling completely separated from what is going on around her. It is likely that Jenna is experiencing _______. detachment disorder stress associated with being newly married post-traumatic episodes depersonalization disorder

Jim is unable to cut down or control his substance use. He has been experiencing decreased effects when taking the same amount of drugs. Jim's drug use has begun to disrupt his work and family responsibilities. According to DSM-IV, what would Jim's diagnosis be? substance intoxication substance dependence none of these substance abuse

Lisa's therapist has her imagine having painful seizures at the same time that Lisa is thinking about using cocaine, a technique known as ________. relapse prevention controlled use aversive treatment covert sensitization

Malingering refers to reporting child abuse. warning the potential victims of the mentally ill. hanging around on street corners. feigning symptoms, possibly to avoid criminal prosecution. warning the potential victims of the mentally ill and feigning symptoms, possibly to avoid criminal prosecution

Manuel walks into his house and has a strong feeling that someone else is there, even though he does not see anyone else. This experience is called: superstitiousness. idea of reference. magical thinking. illusion.

Paula has frequent panic attacks, but only when she views the national news on television. However, she does not experience a panic attack every time she sees the national news. Paula's panic attacks would be classified as situationally bound. unexpected. justified. situationally predisposed.

People with depersonalization disorder tend to: be more attentive than others. have above average spatial reasoning. experience frequent mood shifts. inhibit emotional expression.

Personality disorders are found in what percentage of the general population? 5% to 5.2% 10% to 30% 2% to 10% 0.5% to 2.5%

Research by Liebeskind and colleagues showed that postsurgical pain in rats: increased the likelihood of following treatment recommendations. lowered the rate of metastases compared to the non-surgery group. doubled the rate at which cancer spread to the lungs. led to a severe addiction to pain medication.

Research by the textbook authors showed that rapists, as compared to nonrapists: were less aroused by audiotaped depictions of rape. were less aroused by audiotapes of non-sexual aggression. were more aroused by audiotapes of consensual sexual intercourse. were more aroused by audiotaped depictions of rape.

Ritualistic, repeated actions designed to prevent intrusive thoughts are called obsessions. delusions. pink elephants. compulsions. convulsions.

Schizoid personality disorder shares each of the following characteristics with the other Cluster A personality disorders EXCEPT: social isolation. difficulty relating to others. constricted affect. ideas of reference.

Somatization disorder is strongly linked, through family and genetic studies, to: obsessive-compulsive disorder. posttraumatic stress disorder. anxiety disorders. antisocial personality disorder.

Substance abuse is defined as weekly use of a substance. daily use of a substance. more than three glasses of wine or four glasses of beer. the use of substances to the point that education, job, or relationships with others are disrupted.

The Durham rule used what criterion to determine whether a person's mental state influenced the criminal act? Whether an "average citizen" would excuse the act. Whether the individual knew that the act was wrong. Whether the act was within the person's control. Whether the act was caused by a mental illness.

The definition of substance abuse according to the DSM-IV TR is based on: the type of substance that is used. how much of the substance is consumed per day. how much of the substance is consumed per week. how significantly the substance interferes with the user's life.

The educational system has developed an additional method of classification for mental retardation which is split into three categories: trainable, educable, and severe mental retardation. is used to identify the ability of students. assumes that certain individuals will not benefit from academic or vocational training. all of these

The following list of exercises would most likely be an example of which type of treatment 1.) shop in a crowded supermarket, 2.) walk five blocks away from home, 3.) drive none panic control treatment. cognitive behavioral treatment. gradual exposure treatment.

The four levels of mental retardation identified in DSM-IV-TR are slight, moderate, profound, intensive borderline, custodial care, intermittent care, pervasive care educable, trainable, severe, profound mild, moderate, severe, profound

The issue of the right to refuse treatment is a controversial one. seems to contradict the belief that mentally ill people may not be capable of making decisions in their best interest. appears to be supported byRiggins v. Nevada . all of these

The laws that state the conditions under which people not accused of a crime can be legally committed to a mental hospital, even against their will, are civil laws. criminal commitment laws. hospitalization laws. civil commitment laws.

The most common sexual complaint among non-treatment-seeking men is: pain during intercourse. lack of sexual partners. inability to achieve orgasm. erectile and ejaculatory difficulties.

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly overlapping one; OCD encompasses all of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder characteristics, but no characteristics of other personality disorders. none of these is as close as can be; the disorders are one and the same. is a distant one; those with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend not to have the obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors of OCD.

Undifferentiated somatoform disorder is similar to somatization disorder but with fewer symptoms and was included in DSM-III but not DSM-IV. was included in DSM-III but not DSM-IV. includes symptoms of somatization disorder and conversion disorder. is similar to somatization disorder but with fewer symptoms.

Valerie tells you that she has been receiving cognitive behavioral treatment for her generalized anxiety disorder. This treatment most likely involves none of these answers discussing the earliest memories of anxiety-provoking events and finding meaning in these fears. snapping a rubber band on her wrist when she is anxious. bringing on the worry process during therapy sessions and confronting the anxiety-provoking images and worrisome thoughts head-on. the prescription of serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication.

We are interested in prevention. Which of the following people would be most likely to develop hypochondriasis? Tracey who has a family history of breast cancer. Marissa who has a family history of somatoform disorders. Adrian who is physically susceptible to colds and flu and catches every "bug" that is going around. Jacob whose parents died from a rare but serious disease, who was then cared for by overprotective grandparents who were always worried about his "delicate condition."

What is a major distinction between hypochondriasis and somatization disorder? There is genetic evidence for somatization disorder, whereas for hypochondriasis there is not. Hypochondriasis tends to run in families, whereas somatization disorder does not. In hypochondriasis the person is concerned with the symptoms themselves, whereas in somatization disorder the person is concerned with the meaning of the symptoms. In somatization disorder the person is concerned with the symptoms themselves, whereas in hypochondriasis the person is concerned with the meaning of the symptoms.

What is the most prevalent psychological disorder? major depression schizophrenia posttraumatic stress disorder social phobia

What is the relationship between genes and learning disorders? Learning disorders do not have a genetic basis. There are different genes responsible for different learning disorders. Mathematics disorders are caused by genes but reading disorders are not. Learning disorders run in families and there seems to be a genetic basis.

What is the typical focus of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder? Increasing mood regulation and decreasing self-mutilation. Decreasing criminal activity and increasing law-abiding behaviors. Increasing independence and decreasing dependence on others. Decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation and increasing empathy.

What kind of cognitive bias do people with GAD have, compared to people who don't have GAD? They notice and are bothered by their bodily sensations, which change rapidly in response to anxiety. They believe that negative social events are more likely than negative non-social events. They remember and repeatedly recall past traumatic events. They automatically and quickly focus their attention on potential threats.

What theory of pain accommodates both psychological and physical factors? none of these answers psychophysiological pain theory behavioral medicine theory gate control theory of pain

When a person receives the verdict "guilty but mentally ill" (GBMI), s/he is not given the option of treatment. will receive treatment until recovered and then be released. all of these may receive treatment and punishment. is released on his/her own recognizance.

When clinicians use subjective impressions of clients based on interpersonal interactions, rather than behavioral observations outlined by DSM criteria, more _______________ is likely to enter into diagnostic decisions. expert opinion accuracy error bias

When exposed to the object of their phobia, most people with specific phobia show an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast, which subtype involves decreased heart rate and blood pressure, and possible fainting? animal natural environment situational blood-injection-injury

When is denial most likely to be an adaptive and positive coping mechanism? while recovering from surgery after being discharged from the hospital during rehabilitation when first diagnosed

Which of the following accurately describes the connection between alcohol use and violence? Alcohol use causes violence in individuals with no tendencies toward violence. Alcohol use increases rational thinking and therefore decreases the risk of violence. There is no connection between alcohol use and violence. Alcohol use may increase a person's likelihood of behaving violently.

Which of the following is NOT a right of people who participate in psychological research? The right to be treated with respect and dignity. The right to be protected from physical harm. The right to the safeguarding of their records. The right to review the results of the research .

Which of the following is NOT one of the conclusions made by Peplau about gender differences in human sexuality? Men are less likely to emphasize committed relationships as a context for sex. Men's sexual self-concept if more characterized by power, independence, and aggression. Men show more sexual desire and arousal. Men's sexual beliefs are more easily shaped by cultural, social, and situational factors.

Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder? Lack of remorse after having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. Reckless disregard for the safety of self and others. Style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.

Which of the following is an example of interoceptive avoidance? Martha does not enter public restrooms for fear of disease. Noel does not go to church for fear of having a panic attack while there. Ronald does not visit his mother-in-law because she makes him anxious. Chelsea does not play on merry-go-rounds because the dizziness resembles the early symptoms of a panic attack.

Which of the following is an example of therapeutic jurisprudence? Sentencing a sex offender to a 20-year prison sentence, followed by mandatory sex offender registration. Sentencing a first-time offender to probation rather than a prison sentence. Requiring a convicted thief to return the stolen goods to their owner. Requiring a drug offender to successfully complete a drug treatment program in order to avoid a prison sentence.

Which of the following is not a component of a comprehensive stress-reduction program? Clients record stressful events in a daily journal. Clients are taught muscle relaxation techniques. Through the use of cognitive therapy, the client and therapist work toward developing more realistic attitudes. Clients are urged to exaggerate the negative impact of events upon their lives in the hopes of invoking a catharsis.

Which of the following is not characteristic of dissociative disorders? individuals have typically had traumatic childhood experiences. individuals may be highly suggestive. treatment may include building coping skills. none of these answers.

Which of the following isnot an early symptom of HIV-induced dementia? clumsiness forgetfulness social withdrawal language deficits

Which of the following statements is true about ADHD? Children in the United States are more likely to receive a diagnosis of ADHD than children in other places. Research consistently finds that maternal smoking is related to an increases the likelihood of having a child with ADHD. all of these It is clear that a combination of behavioral and medical treatments is superior to medication alone. Children in the United States are more likely to receive a diagnosis of ADHD than children in other places and Research consistently finds that maternal smoking is related to an increases the likelihood of having a child with ADHD

Which of the following statements is true? As the age of the mother increases, the chance of having a child with Down syndrome also increases. Down syndrome is also known as fragile-X syndrome. People with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for dementia of the Alzheimer's type. both people with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for dementia of the Alzheimer's type and as the age of the mother increases, the chance of having a child with Down syndrome also increases.

Which proposed personality disorder may be a subtype of narcissistic personality disorder? antisocial personality disorder histrionic personality disorder depressive personality disorder negativistic personality disorder

While jogging last week, Ignacio was hit by a car. He felt pain in his left hip and was taken to the hospital. Now, he is displaying pain behavior. Which of the following is not characteristic of pain behavior? facial expressions communicating pain a change in posture and walking style continuous complaining about pain to others an active interest in resuming work and leisure activities

Why are people with paranoid personality disorder particularly difficult to treat? They need social skills training before they can engage in therapy. They frequently seek treatment but insist upon therapists with excellent credentials. They are untrustworthy, do not pay their bills, and frequently no-show. They have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with the therapist.

With regard to the civil commitment process, mental health professionals are best at: identifying institutionalized individuals who will become violent. predicting whether a particular person will become violent. predicting when a person is likely to first become violent. identifying groups of people who are at increased risk for being violent.

________ is found almost exclusively in females, and is characterized by constant hand-wringing, mental retardation, and impaired motor skills. Childhood disintegrative disorder Autistic disorder Asperger's disorder Rett's disorder

________ is presumed to be the cause of approximately 75% of cases of mental retardation. Neurobiological retardation none of these Chromosome-related retardation Cultural/familial retardation

________ is the need for greater amounts of a drug to experience the same effect, whereas ________ is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken. Dependence; withdrawal Withdrawal; tolerance Intoxication; abuse Tolerance; withdrawal

The main branches of the immune system are the B cells and the leukocytes. the bacteria, viruses, and parasites. the cellular and the digital. the humoral and the macrophages. the humoral and the cellular.

Vaillant studied 200 Harvard University sophomores over a 30-year period. He found that those who developed psychological disorders or who were highly stressed died at a significantly higher rate. were tired of being sophomores for so long. were also chronically ill. were less likely to finish their degrees. were also chronically ill and died at a significantly higher rate.

You operate an anxiety-reduction clinic and know you can make predictions about your clientele. Who is most likely to seek treatment? people with GAD these groups are equally likely to seek treatment overly reactive people with normal fears people with blood-injection-injury phobia people with situational phobia

Being diagnosed as severely mentally retarded means the person has lower levels of cognitive functioning than if diagnosed as profoundly mentally retarded.

Benzodiazepines do not seem to be any more clinically effective than placebos for generalized anxiety disorder.

Children who have expressive language disorder have very limited speech only in certain situations.

Controlled drinking has been shown to be an effective cure for alcohol abusers.

Criminal commitment refers to placing individuals in prison because they are mentally disordered.

Dementia of the Alzheimer's type is a subcortical dementia, and Huntington's disease is a cortical dementia.

Diminished capacity refers to the state a student is in after taking a psychology exam.

Echolalia is a phenomenon unique to autism.

Endogenous opioids are substances that are injected into the body to help stop pain.

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural stimulants in the human body.

Families of persons with dementia obtain little benefit from psychosocial interventions.

Fear is a mood state which is characterized by physical symptoms of tension and negative affect in anticipation of future disasters.

Few common diseases can be prevented, delayed, or controlled through implementing life-style changes.

Fugue states require extensive long-term treatment before memory is restored.

If a person senses a lack of control or a lack of perception of an ability to cope with stress, he or she would have a high level of self-efficacy.

If abused, all substances are physiologically addicting.

In depersonalization disorder, an individual experiences a feeling of personal detachment, which predisposes disorganized behaviors and amnesia.

It is rare for several different sexual dysfunctions to occur in the same patient.

Researchers have found that anxiety produces stuttering.

Selective mutism is a common disorder that is more prevalent among girls than boys.

Somatization disorder, although rarely diagnosed in a clinical setting, is more common in the population than are eating disorders.

Studies involving denial as a method of coping with chronic illness have shown only negative effects.

Studies presented in the text indicate that over half of all married males and females remain sexually active after the age of 80.

The "squeeze" technique described in the text is used by sexual sadists and sexual masochists to enhance arousal and sexual pleasure.

The DSM-IV characterizes multiple personality disorder as the presence of "alters" or distinct personalities within an individual.

The DSM-IV definition of substance dependence emphasizes the physiological aspects of tolerance and withdrawal.

The U.S. Supreme Court decided that civil commitment for sexual predators following their prison sentences is permitted only if it involves effective treatment.

The behavioral inhibition system in the brain is implicated in anxiety and panic.

The insanity defense is used in over 50% of all felony cases.

The outcomes, or sentences, for the verdicts "not guilty by reason of insanity" and "guilty but mentally ill" are the same.

The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorders decreases with age.

The problems associated with Rett's disorder appear before any normal development is apparent.

The symptoms of some pain disorder may not be attributable to a medical condition.

Treatment success rates for paraphilia have ranged from 70% to 100% in a large number of clinics and offices.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a reversible type of amnestic disorder caused by heavy alcohol consumption.

Early use of alcohol may predict later abuse.

Even though it is classified as a depressant, the initial effect of alcohol is an apparent stimulation.

Gender identity disorder is often referred to as transsexualism.

General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) is the process that Hans Selye theorized the body experiences in response to sustained stress.

Homelessness appears to be prevalent among individuals with schizoid personality disorder.

In legal trials, the judge and jury determine whether an individual has a "mental illness".

Individuals with paranoid personality disorder often do not remain in treatment long enough to get much help with their disorder.

It is more difficult to identify and study psychopaths with high intelligence than those with low intelligence.

It is possible to use an illegal substance repeatedly without abusing it.

It may be difficult to prove mens rea for a mentally ill person accused of a crime.

Multiple infarctions are damaged areas of the brain characteristic of vascular dementia.

OCD frequently co-occurs with BDD.

Patients suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder tend also to exhibit symptoms of other psychiatric disorders.

Psychology comes to your aid in developing excuses: exam periods are stressors shown to produce an increase in infections.

Reassurance therapy is gaining support as the treatment of choice for hypochondriasis.

Research suggests that unemployment among previously employed men increases the risk of death within the following five years.

Seventy-five percent of persons with mental retardation have no known biological cause for the disorder.

Sex reassignment surgery is a controversial treatment for gender identity disorders.

Sexual dysfunctions are the most prevalent of any physical or psychological disorder in the United States.

Somatization disorder is more common in females than in males.

Some possible confounds of sexual aversion disorder are panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Some studies suggest that the success of biofeedback is due to the fact that it increases self-efficacy.

The American Law Institute suggested that a mentally ill person found to be not responsible for his/her crime should be treated until recovered and released.

The impairment in social relationships and restricted or unusual behavior or activities found in autism are also characteristic of Asperger disorder.

The rates of comorbidity among anxiety disorders are high.

There are vast differences in prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence in different cultures.

There is incontrovertible evidence that memories of child abuse can be manufactured.

Victims of incest tend to be older than victims of pedophilia.

A man reports difficulty sleeping, distractibility, and stomachaches for the past six months. During this time, he has been worrying a lot about his mother's health, his daughter's difficulties in school, and his performance at work; he spends a lot of time worrying, and feels that he can't stop himself. What is the most likely diagnosis? generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder acute stress disorder

A person who is sexually excited by exposing his genitals to unsuspecting strangers is likely to have: exhibitionism. voyeurism. sadism. fetishism.

A person with a genetic vulnerability to substance dependence may choose not to use the substance in order to avoid becoming dependent. will be more likely to try the substance. has no control over whether he or she initiates use of the substance. will inevitably develop that dependence.

A person would not be held responsible for criminal behavior if s/he is not aware of what s/he is doing or that it is wrong under the M'Naghten rule. diminished capacity rule. Durham rule. none of these American Law Institute rule.

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluations, part of the Anxious or Fearful disorder cluster, is diagnosed as ____________ personality disorder. avoidant schizoid dependent narcissistic

About ________ of people with autism never acquire speech. one-third one-fifth one-half one-fourth

Civil commitment laws were developed in the U.S. in the: late 19th century. late 20th century. early 19th century. mid 20th century.

Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system and creates a sense of pleasure by enhancing the activity of: dopamine. GABA. serotonin. glutamate.

Deceitful, irresponsible, aggressive, irritable, and lacking remorse are characteristics describing antisocial personality disorder. bipolar disorder. schizoid personality disorder. psychology study guide authors. borderline personality disorder.

Drug use has ____ in recent years. declined increased dramatically increased slightly remained the same

Joe is being treated in a closed psychiatric ward for his panic disorder with agoraphobia. What patient rights issue arises here? Less restrictive treatments are available. The patient has a right to treatment. The patient has a right to refuse treatment. The staff-to-patient ratio is insufficient.

Juanita, a therapist, believes that her feet are too big for her body and often complains that she will never have a normal social life because of her disability. She has begun to be absent from work, instead choosing to spend exorbitant amounts of time and money shopping for "foot-binding shoes." Her symptoms suggest body dysmorphic disorder. acute stress disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. hypochondriasis

People who abuse or are dependent upon alcohol both are likely to go through periods marked by different levels of alcohol use and may be at an increased risk to behave aggressively. are likely to go through periods marked by different levels of alcohol use. may be at an increased risk to behave aggressively. were aided by a methodically sound study of Alcoholics Anonymous members by Jellinick.

Pulling one's own hair from anywhere on the body refers to trichotillomania. intermittent explosive disorder. pyromania. kleptomania.

Relapse prevention is a treatment method that both looks at the learned aspect of dependence and sees relapse as a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills. sees relapse as a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills. looks at relapse as inevitably leading to more drug use. looks at the learned aspect of dependence.

The average survival time for someone with Alzheimer's disease is estimated to be approximately 8 years. 12 years. 20 years. 10 years.

The effectiveness of reassurance and education for treating hypochondriasis is surprising because: people with hypochondriasis are not supposed to benefit from reassurance about their health. hypochondriasis is thought to be a disorder involving faulty genes. hypochondriasis is primarily a disorder of physiology, so the symptoms are supposed to be treated first. physicians typically provide a lot of reassurance and education to people with hypochondriasis.

The effects of alcohol on the glutamate system seem to be responsible for: a loss of memory for what happened during intoxication. the reduction in anxiety associated with alcohol use. loss of intellectual ability with long-term alcohol use. alcoholic cravings in people addicted to alcohol.

The legal principle underlying the concept of competence to stand trial is that it is only acceptable to: try someone if he understands the charges and can cooperate with his attorney. sentence someone to a mental institution if she has a legitimate disorder. provide treatment to an inmate if he is insane while he's incarcerated. judge and punish someone for an act if she was sane when she did it.

The most plausible explanation for the negative correlation between cigarette smoking and Alzheimer's disease is that nonsmokers live longer, and are thus more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease, which appears in later life. nonsmokers are likely to eat a healthier diet, and diet has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. smokers are likely to eat a healthier diet, and diet has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. nicotine combats the Alzheimer's disease process.

What group is particularly unreliable in reporting accurate details of events? young children older adults adolescents older children

Which of the following is essential to the diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder? Orgasm never or almost never occurs. 20-30% reduction in the frequency of orgasms in the last six months. 70-80% reduction in the frequency of orgasms in the last six months. Orgasms occur less frequently than desired.

Which of the following is(are) the right(s) of research participants? all EXCEPT b the right to privacy the right to be treated with respect and dignity the right to be included as an author on published research the right to be protected from physical and mental harm

Which of the following isnot considered a part of health psychology? performance enhancement during athletic competition forming health policies promoting and maintaining good health improving healthcare systems and delivery

Which of the following observations is NOT true of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder? They show more responsiveness on physiological measures than individuals with other anxiety disorders. They are more sensitive to threats than are other people. They exhibit more muscle tension than other people. They appear to be autonomic restrictors.

A likely explanation for the gender differences in frequency of masturbation is gender differences in attitudes toward sexuality. anatomical differences between men and women. women being socialized to associate sex with intimacy whereas men are socialized to associate sex with physical gratification. greater societal approval of masturbation in women than in men.

A major study sponsored by the National Institutes of Mental Health examined various treatments for panic disorder. Which of the following was found to be most effective in the long run (6 months after treatment ended)? drug treatment combined with cognitive-behavioral treatment cognitive-behavioral treatment alone drug treatment alone cognitive-behavioral treatment combined with placebo

Approximately what percentage of people with autism have some form of mental retardation? 75% 45% 85% 10%

As an example of gender differences in pain, women are more likely to experience ___________, whereas men are more likely to experience _____________. migraine headache; labor pain arthritis; backache migraine headache; arthritis backache; cardiac pain

Caffeine seems to block reuptake of: dopamine. adenosine. glutamate. acetylcholine.

Dissociative identity disorder has been linked to post- traumatic stress disorder. People suffering from both disorders have usually experienced ____________________, as indicated by ______________________. a depressive disorder; inter-rater agreement on DSM-III diagnoses severe trauma; retrospective case studies severe trauma; results of MMPI assessment childhood abuse; correlational case studies

Eight-year-old LaKeisha has ADHD. Her most prominent symptoms are hyperactivity and impulsivity. She is a happy child and does not have problems with depression. Based on this information alone, what is likely to be true about LaKeisha? She feels bad about her physical appearance. She is confident about her interactions with peers. She is well-liked and popular among her peers. She has a low sense of self-worth.

External cues to panic attacks are only places where panic attacks have occurred in the past. may be places similar to the one where the original panic attack occurred. may include increases in heart rate or respiration. none of these

Marjorie stopped attending temple for fear that she would yell obscenities at the rabbi during service. This is an example of none of these an obsessive impulse. a compulsion. a phobia. a ritual.

Somatization disorder is very difficult to treat. Which of the following is not a typical treatment approach for the disorder? reduction of stress traditional psychotherapy reassurance reduction of help-seeking behavior

What is the most likely explanation why men tend to masturbate more frequently than women? Male primates masturbate more frequently than female primates. Masturbation is more convenient for men because of their erectile response and ease of achieving orgasm. It is culturally more acceptable for men to masturbate than women. Women are less likely to view sexual activity as connected with emotional intimacy and romance.

Which of the following is NOT true about Head Start? It combines educational, medical, and social supports for at-risk children and their families. One study showed that all children in Head Start programs benefit significantly from it. One study showed that at-risk kids in Head Start had higher IQ's than at-risk kids not in Head Start. It provides early intervention for children who are at risk for cultural-familial retardation.

________ is a method in which a drug with a similar chemical makeup is given in place of an addictive drug, and ________ are used to block the effects of psychoactive drugs. Relapse prevention; agonist drugs Agonist substitution; antagonist drugs Antagonist substitution; agonist drugs Relapse prevention; antagonist drugs

________ refers to the physiological reaction called drunkenness or high. Substance use none of these Substance abuse Substance dependence

cannot be expected to understand the charges against him/her. all of these will be hospitalized instead of tried. is not competent to stand trial. cannot assist in his/her own defense.

A blind person is referred to a clinician by an optometrist, who can find no physical evidence for the blindness. The clinician asks the patient to perform a series of visual tasks. Following the assessment, the clinician concludes that her patient is suffering from a conversion disorder. What observation would lead to this conclusion? The patient performed at a chance level on the task. The patient demonstrated high anxiety during the visual task and performed at the level that chance would predict. The patient performed worse than chance on the visual task until given motivation to perform correctly, at which time he performed better than chance would predict. The patient performed better than chance on the visual task until given motivation to perform correctly, at which time he performed worse than chance would predict.

Alcohol may influence which of the following systems? glutamate system serotonin system all of these GABA system

Dr. Myers prescribes medication to help control a patient's seizures. The patient reports that the medication also makes her feel calm and helps her sleep. Dr. Myers most likely prescribed a(n): amphetamine. hallucinogen. benzodiazepine. opiate.

Factors that affect whether alcohol will cause organic damage include blood alcohol levels attained while drinking. frequency of use. all of these whether the body has time to recover between binges.

George lives every day on a strict schedule. He must have everything perfect and organized, and is excessively devoted to his work. However, he has difficulty completing projects. Which personality disorder is he likely to be diagnosed? dependent paranoid obsessive-compulsive borderline

Hallucinogenic drugs can be produced synthetically. include LSD. all of these occur naturally in a variety of plants.

In Meletzky's treatment of paraphilias, treatment was considered a failure if the patient: completed all treatment sessions. demonstrated no deviant sexual arousal on physiological tests. had unsubstantiated legal charges of deviant sexual activity. reported no deviant arousal or behavior since treatment ended.

In Selye's conception of the general adaptation syndrome, what is the stage in which we mobilize various coping mechanisms to respond to stress? exhaustion acute stress resistance alarm

In the treatment of tension headaches, Holroyd argued that biofeedback is successful because it: produces a meaningless placebo effect. increases levels of the corticosteroids in the brain. instills a sense of control over the pain. provides a distraction from the pain.

In the treatment you offer most of your clients with anxiety disorders, you seek to relax muscle tension and reduce blood pressure and heart rate. The exception is specific phobia. social phobia. blood-injection-injury disorder. panic disorder with agoraphobia. panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Increased levels of cortisol in response to chronic stress may increase susceptibility to infectious disease. may compromise hippocampal activity. all of these answers may lead to brain damage.

It was initially assumed that emotional disorders seemed to make us more susceptible to developing physiological disorders. Current evidence has suggested that depression raises immune system functioning. supported this initial assumption. suggested that depression lowers immune system functioning. been inconclusive.

One psychological component of addiction may involve taking a drug in order to avoid negative feelings associated with coming down from a high. What theory describes this use of substances to avoid worsening lows? substance cycle theory polydependence theory opponent-process theory tolerance theory

One reason that the APA is developing guidelines for clinical intervention is to reduce the level of skill needed by therapists. reduce the pay rate for therapists. ensure that individuals receive effective and personalized treatment. increase the use of expensive treatment.

Patients with BDD were often also diagnosed with depression. heart problems. all of these diabetes.

Preliminary research with the drug D-cycloserine suggests that it: should never be administered to patients undergoing behavioral therapy. should be given one hour after the patient completes a trial of exposure. should be used one hour prior to an exposure or extinction trial. should be taken four times a day, every day, throughout psychotherapy.

Programs to prevent injuries in children are less effective than repeated warnings. are typically not effective since most injuries are due to fate. are almost nonexistent in most communities. have not been evaluated for their effectiveness.

Psychological factors may contribute to the development of cancer through all the following mechanisms EXCEPT: regulating the expression of genes that control tumor growth. causing changes in immune system functioning. regulating RNA repair processes. regulating the activity of cancer-causing viruses.

Psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder usually involves medication. all of these both ritual prevention and exposure to feared stimuli. exposure to feared stimuli. ritual prevention

Psychoneuroimmunology is an immune disorder associated with decreased activity of macrophages. feelings of stress arising from relationships with other people. the study of psychological influences on the neurological responding implicated in the immune response. the study of the effects of immune-suppressing drugs on psychological functioning and behavior.

Psychosocial treatments of autism initially focused on the notion that autism was caused by faulty parenting. have clinical importance that was shown by Lovaas' research. all of these were initially psychodynamic.

Reports from war veterans wounded in combat indicating that soldiers did not feel pain at the time of injury are evidence that they probably were not injured very badly. both war veterans are reluctant to report feeling pain for fear that they won't appear brave and they probably were not injured very badly. there is a significant psychological component to the experience of pain. war veterans are reluctant to report feeling pain for fear that they won't appear brave.

Sportscaster John Madden's fear and avoidance of flying is an example of panic disorder with agoraphobia. generalized anxiety disorder. specific phobia. panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Susie, a 6-year-old girl, recently had her IQ tested; she falls within the normal range. Susie lacks interest in social relationships, and rarely acknowledges others. Her parents say that she tends to play by herself, and to engage in fairly meaningless, repetitive behaviors. Susie's language skills are normal. Which of the following seems to best describe Susie's symptoms? expressive language disorder ADHD Asperger's disorder autistic disorder

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California is a landmark case related to what issue? right to refuse treatment informed consent duty to warn criminalization of the mentally ill

The StanfordThree Community Study involving community intervention to change behavior and prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) was successful in lowering the risk of developing CHD in only one of the three cities involved. equally successful in all three cities. more successful when community intervention was combined with personal counseling. not successful in reducing the risk of developing CHD in any city.

The autohypnotic model suggests that: hypnotizability is lowest in childhood and increases as an individual ages. individuals who are hypnotizable are also capable of hypnotizing others and convincing them of ambiguous physical symptoms. individuals who are hypnotizable may be able to use dissociation as a response to severe trauma. hypnotizability is highest in childhood and decreases as an individual ages.

The average number of alter personalities in people who have dissociative identity disorder is: 50. 5. 15. 25.

The main element in psychological treatment of panic disorders is hypnosis. teaching avoidance techniques. exposure to the feared symptoms. benzodiazepines.

The term opioids refers to ________ substances that have a narcotic effect, while opiates are ________ that have a narcotic effect. all; chemicals in the brain synthetic; all substances all; substances found in the poppy naturally occurring; synthetic drugs

The text differentiates two types of substance dependence. The type associated with tolerance and withdrawal is referred to as _______ dependence, whereas the type associated with drug-seeking behaviors is referred to as _______ dependence. psychological; physiological alcohol; marijuana physiological; psychological marijuana; alcohol

Therapy for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may target the fear that underlies the need for orderliness. What is this fear? Fear that others will deceive them. Fear of coming into contact with germs. Fear that what they do will be inadequate. Fear of being unable to take care of oneself.

This week's first client shows a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. You diagnose ___________personality disorder, one of the Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic cluster of disorders. histrionic schizoid narcissistic avoidant

Treatment of conversion disorders is supported by Freudian theory. follows a family systems model. deals with removing secondary gain. deals with removing secondary gain and is supported by Freudian theory.

Two important aspects of a definition of substance dependence are ________ and ________. alcohol delirium; tolerance relapse; tolerance tolerance; withdrawal withdrawal; relapse

What is considered to be "normal" sexual behavior will vary greatly depending on gender. is remarkably similar across cultures. is culture-dependent. should be determined by the legislature or ruling group. is determined by the dominant religious organizations.

What is the most important advantage of using categorical models of personality disorders? Such models provide more information about each person. Such models acknowledge that personality disorders are extreme versions of normal personality. Such models simply and conveniently classify individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder categories. Such models are more flexible because they allow both categorical and dimensional descriptions of a person.

What points have been used to argue for a connection between borderline personality disorder and PTSD? A large percentage of people with borderline personality disorder were abused as children. The borderline personality disorder symptoms of identity confusion, emptiness, and fears of abandonment are found in immigrants. All of these. Both disorders involve difficulties in mood regulation, impulse control, and interpersonal relationships.

Which area of the brain is most often associated with anxiety? orbital frontal lobe occipital lobe limbic system medulla

Which of the following is a DSM-IV-TR symptom of inattention? Often fidgets with hands or feet, or squirms in seat. Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly. Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities. Often interrupts or intrudes on others.

Which of the following is a procedure used to strengthen more appropriate patterns of sexual arousal? the squeeze technique klismaphilia orgasmic reconditioning telephone scatologia

A child with separation anxiety disorder has the fear that: other kids will bully him on the playground. she will perform poorly in school. she was adopted. something bad will happen to him or his parents.

Cortisol is: a neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety. a portion of the brain that stimulates the HPA axis in response to stress. a neurohormone whose chronic secretion enhances hippocampal and immune functioning. a hormone that stimulates the hippocampus to turn off the stress response.

DSM-IV calls for categorical judgments about the diagnosis for Personality Disorders. Imagine that the new DSM-V appears just as you earn your professional license in a few years, and it calls for dimensional determinations, as many current psychologists suggest. This change would mean differential diagnosis. deciding whether to reject the Personality Disorder diagnosis. deciding whether another diagnosis is more appropriate. determining the severity of the personality disorder.

Dependent personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder have the following in common: feelings of inadequacy sensitivity to criticism need for reassurance from others all of these none of these

Experts agree that hypochondriasis is basically a disorder of: emotion. behavior. physiology. cognition.

Genes identified as _____________ give a person a nearly 100% chance of developing Alzheimer's disease. susceptible influential degenerative deterministic

George Vaillant's study of over 200 Harvard men suggests that stress-related factors that lead to psychological disorders are not related to the development of later physical disorders. stress, depression, and anxiety are related. stress-related factors that lead to psychological disorders may also contribute to the development of later physical disorders. both stress-related factors that lead to psychological disorders may also contribute to the development of later physical disorders and stress, depression, and anxiety are related.

Gino is a recovering alcoholic. To help with his treatment, Gino's physician prescribed a drug causing Gino to experience shortness of breath and severe vomiting if he drinks. What drug has the physician prescribed? Amyl Nitrate PCP MDMA Antabuse

How is recreational steroid use different from other substance use? Steroid have no legitimate medical uses. Steroid use never leads to steroid dependence. Steroid use is much safer than other substance use. Steroid use does not produce a high like other substances.

Marybeth is quite passive in her relationships and job. She accepts the pain and suffering caused by others, without complaining. Which proposed personality disorder fits best with Marybeth's characteristics? negativistic depressive sadistic self-defeating

Nicotine is a(n) ________, alcohol is a ________, and morphine is a(n) ________. depressant; stimulant; opioid opioid; hallucinogenic; stimulant stimulant; depressant; hallucinogenic stimulant; depressant; opioid

On the planet Neptar, civilians worship the sap from the ginga tree. On ceremonious holidays, the planet's executive director prepares jam from the sap and performs trance-like aerobics routines. She is probably suffering from dissociative trance disorder. Amok. schizophrenia. none of these

Tamara is a first grader at Eastwood Elementary School. Her teachers report that she is a poor listener and has difficulty completing her assignments on her own. She repeatedly gets up from her desk and wanders around the room, talking to classmates. When Tamara must stay in her seat during story time, she squirms. When the teacher asks questions about the story, Tamara blurts out the answers. Tamara's symptoms are consistent with: Tourette's. Asperger's. Conduct disorder. ADHD.

The "guilty but mentally ill" (GBMI) verdict is different from the "not guilty by reason of insanity" (NGRI) verdict in that: people given a verdict of GBMI can be taken to prison but they must receive treatment for their mental illness. people given a verdict of GBMI are detained in psychiatric hospitals and do not serve prison terms. only in GBMI are people assumed to have no knowledge that what they did was wrong. people given a verdict of GBMI can be treated for their mental illness and also serve a full prison term.

The incidence of ___________ shows the largest difference between the genders in sexual behaviors. casual sex unprotected sex oral sex masturbation

The shift to focusing on psychological factors in illness is referred to as a revolution in public health because it has health policy implications. there was a great deal of debate in medical circles as to whether psychological factors played a role in physical illness. it figured prominently into the debate over health care reform. previously the focus was much more on infectious disease.

The term "psychosomatic medicine" is no longer in favor because it implies a strong psychological component for somatic illnesses. "neurasthenia" is the preferred term. it is hard to spell. it implies that the other disorders that are studied (those without a more obvious physical component) do not have a strong biological component.

Tom thinks he shows his love and worthiness as a sex partner by working hard at the office and keeping the house in good repair. His wife Maria can't feel sexy unless he woos her with gifts and loving words. Theorist John Gagnon would say they differ in their irrational beliefs. proposals. cognitive restructuring. texts. scripts.

What is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States? excessive sun exposure high-risk sexual behavior obesity smoking

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of pedophilia? It is most commonly directed at girls who are beginning to mature physically. It involves the use of physical force to get a child to perform sexual activities. It involves an attraction to male children more often than female children. It is often rationalized by the perpetrator as a way to teach children about sexuality.

Which of the following is an example of a primary characteristic of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? unpopularity with peers low self-esteem poor academic achievement hyperactivity

Which of the following is the most routinely used illegal substance in the United States? opioids cocaine heroin marijuana

Which technique appears to be the most effective treatment for phobias? Hypnosis during which phobia-related conflicts are banished from the unconscious. Challenging the client to see that the fears are irrational, unrealistic, and excessive. Rapid and repeated exposure to the feared stimulus followed by immediate escape. Structured and consistent exposure to the feared stimulus under therapeutic supervision.

You have a friend who plans to use alcohol as part of a seduction scenario. You warn of the increased risk of unprotected sex in these conditions. You also point out the effect(s) of alcohol on sexual arousal and behavior: alcohol increases central nervous system functioning, thus making it easier for men to achieve erection but more difficult for women to achieve lubrication. alcohol increases arousal and facilitates performance. alcohol makes one socially more inhibited. alcohol suppresses central nervous system functioning, thus making it more difficult for men to achieve erection and for women to achieve lubrication.

About 50% of patients who seek treatment at sexuality clinics complain of sexual aversion. vaginismus. hypoactive sexual desire. premature ejaculation. loss of appetite.

According to the text, each stage of sexual activity has disorders associated with it. These stages, in order, are arousal, desire, orgasm. arousal, orgasm, desire. desire, orgasm, arousal. lather, rinse, repeat. desire, arousal, orgasm.

Movement of patients with disorders out of institutions or mental hospitals and into group homes is called transinstitutionalization. neither was one goal of deinstitutionalization or and into group homes is called transinstitutionalization. was one goal of deinstitutionalization. has been successful for most clients and for society. both was one goal of deinstitutionalization and and into group homes is called transinstitutionalization.

A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is more likely to be male than female.

ADHD is not considered a serious problem because most children eventually stop displaying the symptoms as adults.

According to research by John Hastings, marijuana is more addictive than caffeine.

Antagonist treatments involve providing the person with a similar, but safe drug, as a substitute for an addictive drug.

Anxiety appears to be an inherited trait, although panic does not.

Jim is sexually attracted to Susan and he constantly fantasizes about her. Jim's fantasies would be considered fetishism.

Localized amnesia is less common in dissociative disorders than is generalized amnesia.

Lykken found a general learning deficit to account for psychopaths' impairment in learning to control their impulses.

Major signs of withdrawal seen with other drugs also occur with marijuana.

Neurons in the brain often regenerate after they are damaged and die.

One accepted approach to the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder is the use of tranquilizers.

Only a small percentage of DID patients have also had other disorders, such as substance abuse, depression, borderline personality disorder, anxiety attacks, and eating disorders.

Only women suffer from vaginismus and only men suffer from dyspareunia.

Pat has high blood pressure, which has been traced to previously diagnosed kidney disease. Pat has essential hypertension.

Pervasive dependency is the predominant criterion for the schizotypal personality disorder diagnosis.

Positive reinforcement is considered as a cause of substance related disorders, in that people may use drugs to escape unpleasant situations.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, which occurs within the first month after exposure to a stressful event, involves flashbacks, avoidance of objects associated with the event, and symptoms of arousal.

Wisocki and her colleagues discovered that the primary focus of anxiety in the elderly is the moral decadence of their children.

A definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be made only after specific types of damage to the brain are found in autopsy.

A likely comorbid disorder of schizotypal personality disorder is paranoid personality disorder.

A person must be able to understand the charges against him/her and to assist in his/her own defense in order to be judged competent to stand trial.

A study presented in the text revealed that a higher percentage of males than females report they masturbate.

Adults with avoidant personality disorder were likely avoiding relationships even in childhood and adolescence.

African-Americans are overrepresented among those who are involuntarily committed to state psychiatric institutions.

An individual who does not go to the movies because she or he is afraid of having a panic attack would be diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Antisocial personality disorder and childhood conduct disorder are both associated with illegal drug involvement and other criminal activities.

Approximately 30% of all homeless people are believed to be severely mentally ill.

As a general rule, the more intense the trauma, the more likely it is that an individual will develop post-traumatic stress disorder.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common reasons for referral of children to mental health services in the United States.

Changing high-risk behavior is the only effective prevention strategy for AIDS

Children diagnosed with childhood disintegrative disorder follow normal patterns of development until they reach two to four years of age.

Combat and sexual assault are the most common traumas contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Conversion disorders, like somatization disorder, are more frequently found in women and usually occur during adolescence or after.

Delirium brought on by withdrawal from drug use is usually treated with benzodiazepines.

Delirium is more prevalent among cancer patients, people with AIDS, and older adults.

Delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder are all types of cognitive disorders.

Dementia pugilistica is named after boxers who suffer trauma due to repeated blows to the head.

In the DSM-IV-TR, autistic disorder, Rett's disorder, Asperger's disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder are formally recognized as being different from each other.

Individuals with mental illness found guilty of nonviolent crimes can be committed for periods up to eight times as long as people without mental illness may spend in prison.

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