Final Exam Review

HIV cannot live on its own outside the human body

true

HIV takes over certain white blood cells in the human body which reproduce as more HIV instead of cells to fight infection.

true

If a property owner denies an HIV+ patient the ability to rent from him based on his HIV+ status; this is a form of discrimination that violates the American with Disabilities Act

true

There is NO cure for AIDS

true

When first exposed to HIV, a person may exhibit symptoms similar to a cold or flu.

true

What is the primary effect of HIV infection?

weakened immune system

If you are likley to come in contact with others' body fluids as a part of your normal job duties, you should

wear PPE (personal protective equipment) when performing tasks that involve being exposed to body fluids

At what level of CD4 t cell count does a patient need to be in order to be diagnosed as having AIDS?

200

which law prohibits healthcare providers from discussing patients HIV status with friends, family, and neighbors

HIPAA[Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996]

HIV infects what cells?

HIV infects lymphocyte white blood cells called T-cells. HIV becomes part of the cells, and when they multiply to fight an infection, they also make more copies of HIV. As the number of healthy CD4 T-cells decrease, immune function is compromised and it's difficult for the immune system to fight infections that a healthy immune system can.

What does HIV and AIDS stand for? How are they different? Be specific.

HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS is Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome. Over time, the virus slowly decreases the immune system's ability to protect us (immunodeficiency) from "opportunistic" infections that bring on AIDS. These opportunistic infections are normally not a threat to people with healthy immune systems. The "end stage" of HIV infection is called AIDS, which is a syndrome of symptoms, diseases, and infection.

Sharing IV drugs and "drug works" exposes users to which body fluid that can carry HIV?

blood

Which of the following fluids carries enough HIV to easily transmit it from one person to another?

blood

HIV positive patients are very sickly looking, usually within weeks of becoming infected.

false

Healthcare providers must gain permission from patients before reporting positive test result to the Health Department

false

If an HIV+ person does not disclose his/her status with a sexual partner but uses some form of protection during intercourse, he/she cannot be charged with felonious assault

false

which of the following protects HIV/AID patients from being discriminated against regarding housing?

Americans with Disabilities Act

Which cells are the primary target of HIV?

CD4 T Cells

What is a T-Cell/CD4 cell? What does the count mean and what is normal?

CD4 cells are a type of lymphocyte (white blood cell), important in the immune system- sometimes called T-cells. As the number of healthy CD4 T-cells decrease, immune function is compromised and HIV positive patients become symptomatic with different type of conditions. Normal CD4 counts are between 500 and 1600.

Give 3 common myths about HIV/AIDS and why they are false.

I won't contract HIV if I'm straight and don't use IV drugs -I can catch HIV from mosquitoes -If I am HIV positive my life is over

What is the best way for an HIV+ mother to ensure that the risk of HIV being transmitted to her unborn child is reduced?

Seeking prenatal care and treatment as early in the pregnancy as possible

Explain the ELISA/EIA test and the Western Blot test. How are they used?

The HIV antibody test is known as ELISA or EIA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test. Positive ELISA tests must be confirmed with the Western Blot Test, which detects specific protein bands that are present in an HIV infected individual. In combination with a positive Elisa, a positive Western Blot is 99.9% accurate. Clients are not told they are infected with HIV unless the confirmatory test verifies that HIV antibodies are present. This test is much more specific and more costly than the EIA screening test.

What does a viral load test measure?

The amount of HIV found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid.

What method of protection has a 100% to prevent the spread of HIV through sexual contact?

abstinence

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for spreading HIV from one person to another?

kissing

Pneumocystitis carinii penuemonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, mycobacterium avium complex, and thrush are all examples of

opportunstic infections