FINAL FINAL
A learning theory would be most likely to emphasize the role of ________ in the onset of anxiety disorders. a. conditioning b. linkage analysis c. dissociation d. flat affect
a
A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates: a. stimulus generalization. b. dissociation. c. agoraphobia. d. linkage analysis.
a
Elsa, a 50-year-old teacher, is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: a. is NOT classified as an illness. b. The APA has no opinion about homosexuality. c. is classified as an illness. d. does NOT put her at greater risk for mental health problems.
a
Identify the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. a. the medical model b. the humanistic approach c. the psychoanalytic perspective d. the biopsychosocial approach
a
If you have an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, you may be suffering from: a. a social phobia. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. persistent depressive disorder.
a
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most common compulsion is: a. washing and counting. b. fighting and other forms of aggressive behavior. c. eating and gambling. d. suicide attempts.
a
In one study (Seal et al., 2007) of 103,788 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, _____ percent were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, in which the most frequent diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder. a. 25 b. 8 c. 45 d. 12
a
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must: a. last for two or more weeks. b. alternate with symptoms of mania. c. last for one week. d. be caused by a medical condition.
a
Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. panic disorder. d. histrionic personality disorder.
a
Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past two days, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of: a. This behavior is not indicative of a disorder. The symptoms would need to be severe and prolonged to indicate a disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. dissociative disorder.
a
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder while Rana's is not? a. All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. b. The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. c. The behavior causes Naima distress. d. The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima.
a
Physicians and mental health workers use the detailed "diagnostic criteria and codes" in the _____ to guide medical diagnoses. a. DSM-5 b. medical model c. Freudian theory d. ADHD
a
Regarding suicide, researchers have reported which of the following? a. Research has shown that all of these facts about suicide are true. b. Suicide rates are much higher among people who are wealthy, nonreligious, and unmarried. c. Women are much more likely than men to attempt suicide. d. White Americans are nearly twice as likely as Black Americans to kill themselves.
a
Seven months ago Quinn witnessed the gruesome murder of a close friend. Although many people expected him to suffer from this, he seemed to have the opposite reaction. He developed a greater appreciation for life, his relationships with his family became more meaningful, and he became more involved in his faith. Quinn's response is known as: a. posttraumatic growth. b. fear conditioning. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. bipolar disorder.
a
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely suffers from: a. panic attacks. b. bipolar disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. phobias.
a
Some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ________, which floods the body with stress hormones. a. limbic system b. frontal lobe c. motor cortex d. cerebellum
a
Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help if a panic attack should strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder with: a. agoraphobia. b. germ phobia. c. social phobia. d. public phobia.
a
The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just over 1 in _____ adult Americans "suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year." a. 4 b. 10 c. 125 d. 1000
a
The acronym "DSM-5" stands for: a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. b. Disorders: Simple and Multifaceted, 5th Edition, Technical Revision. c. Deviations from Standard Mentality, 5th Edition (Technical Release). d. Developmental and Secondary Mental Disorders Manual, 5th Translation.
a
The most common scheme for classifying psychological disorders is the: a. DSM-5. b. biopsychosocial approach. c. learning perspective. d. medical model.
a
Which of the following was the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. Schizophrenia
a
_____________ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawal, and insomnia. a. Posttraumatic stress disorder b. Narcolepsy c. Sleep apnea d. Night terrors
a
______________ is to anxiety as a(n) ______________ is to a windy day. a. Panic disorder; hurricane b. Bipolar disorder; calm day c. Schizophrenia; forest fire d. Phobia; overcast day
a
Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n): a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. phobia. c. mood disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder plagues some ___ percent of children, and the appearance of the disorder occurs from ages ____ to 17. a. 15; 10 b. 11; 7 c. 5; 7 d. 9; 12
b
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a: a. psychoanalytic model. b. biopsychosocial model. c. medical model. d. humanistic model.
b
Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____________ model of psychological disorders. a. psychoanalytic b. medical c. humanistic d. biopsychosocial
b
Identify the age group that is most likely to display the key symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. a. 1-year-old infants to 3-year-old children b. 4- to 17-year-old children c. 31- to 40-year-old men d. 18- to 30-year old women
b
In a disorder called _____, the person suffers from repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform. a. social phobia b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder
b
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Pukari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Pukari is most clearly showing signs of: a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. posttraumatic stress disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c
___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania. a. Major depressive disorder b. Schizophrenia c. Bipolar disorder d. Generalized anxiety disorder
c
_____________ are characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. a. Personality disorders b. Psychotic disorders c. Anxiety disorders d. Adjustment disorders
c
A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? a. the United Kingdom b. France c. Japan d. the United States
d
A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? a. the United States b. Nigeria c. Italy d. Shanghai
d
According to the textbook, DSM-5 has been criticized for: a. representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives. b. not including homosexuality as a mental disorder. c. including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders. d. including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement.
d
The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 was released in: a. 2000. b. 2010. c. 1994. d. 2013.
d
According to ________ theory, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses. a. psychoanalytic b. biopsychosocial c. medical d. social-cognitive
a
All of the following are no longer diagnostic labels in DSM-5 EXCEPT: a. hoarding disorder b. Asperger syndrome c. autism d. mental retardation
a
Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n): a. bipolar disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. dissociative disorder. d. major depressive disorder.
a
DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with: a. both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them. b. very rough guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders. c. comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing only treatment-resistant mental disorders. d. pictures of "crazy" people.
a
Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n): a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. persistent depressive disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. phobia.
a
The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
The mass-killing shooters have one thing in common: They tend to be: a. young males. b. older men with psychological disorders. c. young women with gang affiliation. d. those with psychological disorders.
a
The onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder occurs around: a. late childhood and the early teens. b. the late twenties and early thirties. c. the early teens and late teens. d. the late teens and twenties.
a
Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant called Paxil that will help increase her ____________ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter. a. serotonin b. acetylcholine c. GABA d. glutamate
a
Which of the following is TRUE about ADHD? a. The majority of those with ADHD are boys. b. Minority youth more often receive an ADHD diagnosis than do Caucasian youth. c. The majority of those with ADHD are girls. d. The diagnosis and rate of medication use varies very little from state to state.
a
Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE? a. Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder. b. People with psychological disorders are the least stigmatized group in modern society. c. In much of the popular media, people with psychological disorders are portrayed in positive, but stereotyped ways, such as being creative geniuses or artistic prodigies. d. Research has shown that even people with mild psychological disorders tend to be dangerous and prone to violence.
a
Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. People with mental disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence. b. Restricting gun ownership by those with psychological disorders will greatly reduce gun violence. c. Those who have a psychological disorder are more likely to be violent if the violence is triggered by substance abuse. d. Those with psychological disorders are more likely to be violent toward others.
a
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective. a. social-cognitive b. psychoanalytic c. biological d. humanistic
b
Jake's family members are quite unhappy with his behavior. There have been instances when he behaves violently and talks in a different voice, saying that his name is Rocky. However, the next moment he behaves normally, as though nothing had happened. When his family members tell him how he behaved, he denies any awareness of his bad behavior. It is most likely that Jake is experiencing: a. posttraumatic stress disorder. b. dissociative identity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
b
Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to: a. communicate about their clients. b. Mental health professionals use diagnostic labels to do all of these things. c. comprehend the underlying causes of psychological problems. d. choose the most effective course of treatment.
b
Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. phobia. d. persistent depressive disorder.
b
Most combat-stressed soldiers do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor: a. dissociation. b. resiliency. c. mania. d. catatonia.
b
People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from: a. panic disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. panic attacks.
b
People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder: a. suffer from delusions. b. are tense and apprehensive all of the time. c. interrupt conversations and act impulsively. d. are prone to sleep too much.
b
Sean has trouble paying attention in class and cannot seem to focus at all during lecture. During exams his mind wanders and cannot seem to focus. He also rarely completes any assignments because he cannot sit still long enough to complete the work. Sean most clearly exhibits symptoms of: a. anxiety disorder. b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. psychosis.
b
Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing: a. panic disorder. b. PTSD. c. OCD. d. schizophrenia.
b
Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of: a. bipolar disorder. b. panic disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. persistent depressive disorder.
b
When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n): a. obsession. b. compulsion. c. delusion. d. hallucination.
b
Which of the following is FALSE about ADHD? a. Male children are the most likely to be labeled with the diagnosis. b. More adults than children are given the diagnosis of ADHD. c. ADHD is heritable. d. Minority youth are more likely to receive the diagnosis.
b
Which of the following was eliminated from the DSM in 1973? a. dysthymia b. homosexuality c. dissociative identity disorder d. panic disorder
b
Which of the following was the highest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? a. schizophrenia b. depressive disorders c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. phobias
b
______________ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms, including extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Generalized anxiety disorder
b
______________ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms, including extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. a. Schizophrenia b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Generalized anxiety disorder
b
35-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from a(n): a. major depressive disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. phobia. d. low self-esteem.
c
According to psychologists and psychiatrists, a behavior is disordered if it is: a. dysfunctional. b. deviant. c. A behavior must exhibit all of these factors to be considered disordered. d. distressful.
c
After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrates the: a. shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective. b. dangers of the dissociative identity disorder. c. biasing power of diagnostic labels. d. unreliability of the DSM-5.
c
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by: a. linkage analysis. b. the medical model. c. a biopsychosocial approach. d. the learning perspective.
c
Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of: a. anxiety disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. d. psychosis.
c
He insisted that madness was not demon possession, but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. a. David Rosenhan b. Sigmund Freud c. Philippe Pinel d. Carl Rogers
c
Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The ___________ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated. a. biopsychosocial b. organic c. medical d. psychoanalytic
c
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ are among is the most common obsessions. a. delusions of being controlled b. fear of snakes and spiders c. worries about germs, dirt, or other forms of contamination d. delusions of grandeur
c
In psychiatry and psychology, diagnostic classification aims to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. prompt research into its causes. b. suggest appropriate treatment. c. identify those who are deemed treatable. d. predict the disorder's future course.
c
Juan has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems is Juan not likely to exhibit? a. distractibility b. impulsiveness c. perfectionism d. fidgetiness
c
Lynette is released after a 4-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she can't afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself in regard to her hospital stay? a. It is against the law for her to NOT disclose that she was in a mental hospital. b. She SHOULD tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react more positively and empathically toward those labeled "mentally ill." c. She should NOT tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled "mentally ill." d. Negative attitudes toward those labeled "mentally ill" only exist in Western Europe, so she doesn't need to worry about telling potential landlords she was in a psychiatric hospital.
c
Nicole refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Nicole's behavior is _____ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life. a. disturbed b. unusual c. maladaptive d. stressful
c
People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from: a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. a phobia. d. panic disorder.
c
People who suffer from ____________ are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives. a. bipolar disorder b. dissociative disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. schizophrenia
c
Suffering can lead to ______________; that is, a challenging crisis can lead to an increased appreciation for life, more meaningful relationships, and changed priorities. a. schizophrenia b. dissociative identity disorder c. posttraumatic growth d. generalized anxiety disorder
c
Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the: a. WAIS-R. b. WISC-R. c. DSM-5. d. APA Manual.
c
Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has become intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a: a. major depressive disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. social phobia. d. low self-esteem.
c
What is the most likely trigger for the few people with psychological disorders who do commit violent acts? a. the predisposition to violent behavior b. access to guns c. substance abuse d. being agitated by others
c
Which of the following is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5? a. Asperger syndrome b. ADHD c. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder
c
Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE? a. Those with psychological disorders are much more prone to random violent crimes than others. b. Studies have found that those with severe psychological disorders are more likely to be violent toward others. c. Studies have found that those with psychological disorders are more likely to be a victim of crime than those without a psychological disorder. d. Focusing gun restrictions only on mentally ill people will likely reduce gun violence.
c
Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for: a. association studies. b. linkage analysis. c. the medical model. d. a biopsychosocial approach.
d
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of: a. linkage analysis. b. the DSM-5. c. the psychoanalytic theory. d. the medical model.
d
Compared with people who have recently immigrated from Mexico, Mexican Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder—a phenomenon known as: a. epigenetics. b. taijin-kyofusho. c. susto. d. the immigrant paradox.
d
David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices," saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and displayed no other symptoms. They were all: a. found to be sane, and not admitted into the hospital. b. sued by the hospital for pretending to be insane. c. initially diagnosed as mentally ill, but were released immediately. d. diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."
d
Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting? a. distractibility b. impulsiveness c. fidgetiness d. A person with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviors.
d
If you avoid situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, you may be suffering from: a. anorexia nervosa. b. schizophrenia. c. social phobia. d. agoraphobia.
d
In _____________, a person exhibits persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions. a. the confirmation bias b. the adaptation-level phenomenon c. a belief perseverance d. a psychological disorder
d
In terms of pervasiveness, ____________ is to psychological disorders as the common cold is to mild physical illnesses. a. schizophrenia b. antisocial personality disorder c. dissociative identity disorder d. depression
d
Individuals with intense fears of specific objects or situations that disrupt their ability to cope are known to have: a. social anxiety syndrome. b. fright syndrome. c. environmental syndrome. d. phobias.
d
John has been having difficulties getting out of bed and is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from a(n): a. antisocial personality disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. bipolar disorder. d. major depressive disorder.
d
Maxine spends hours each day, without success, trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n): a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. panic disorder. c. histrionic personality disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d
Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from: a. reinforcement. b. stimulus generalization. c. observational learning. d. conditioning.
d
Uncontrollable thoughts and worries are to _____ as uncontrollable behaviors are to _____. a. anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa b. compulsions; obsessions c. hallucinations; delusions d. obsessions; compulsions
d
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder? a. extreme anxiety and increased physical arousal b. avoiding stimuli that trigger memories of the traumatic event c. intrusive, frequent memories of the traumatic event d. multiple personalities
d