final fire officer
NFPA ___ standard for professional qualifications for fire investigator
1033
By 1915 ASTM E __, standard test methods for fire tests of building construction and materials
119
NFPA ___ standard for training fire service rapid intervention crews
1407
NFPA ___ standard for the organization and deployment of the fire suppression operations, emergency medical operations and special operations to the public by volunteer fire departments
1720
More that __ ___ of the disoriented firefighter deaths occurred in enclosed structures.
3/4
Softening the target by applying ___to___ seconds of water into the compartment dramatically reduces fire development and improves condition
30 to 90
National statistics indicate that 1 in every ___ fires is of incendiary origin.
4
__ percent of vehicle fires were caused by mechanical failure or malfunction.
47
The ___ step in laymans size up procedure is making fire attack decisions
4th
NFPA 1500 requires standardized IDLH exiting be practices when the SCBA cylinder reaches a level of ___L or more.
600L
Chief Paul Lesage 2009 determined __% of errors on the fire ground happen when individuals fail to intervene in known or observed unsafe situations.
74
Part of the ___ percent reduction in the aviation industry's accident rate is attributed to the development, refinement and system wide adoption of crew resource management.
80
NFPA___ guide for fire and explosion investigations
921
Opened structure
A building that has Windows or doors of sufficient number and size to provide for prompt ventilation and emergency evacuation.
Public information officer
A command staff position that is responsible for gathering and releasing incident information to the news media and other appropriate agencies. This position reports directly to the incident commander.
National Response Framework (NRF)
A comprehensive, national, all hazards approach to domestic incident response that describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents; it builds upon the national incident management system, which provides a consistent template for managing incidents.
Mayday
A situation where a fire fighter is experiencing a life threatening emergency
Strike team
A specific combination of the same kind and type of resources, with common communications and a leader.
Staging
A specific function in which resources are assembled in an area at or near the incident scene to await instructions or assignments.
Branch
A supervisory level established in either the operations of logistics function to provide an appropriate span of control
Division
A supervisory level established to divide an incident into geographical areas of operations.
Division supervisor
A supervisory position in charge of a geographical operation at the tactical level.
Branch director
A supervisory position in charge of a number of divisions and/ or groups. This position reports to a section chief or the incident commander
Strike team leader
A supervisory position that is in charge of a group of similar resources.
Logistics section chief
A supervisory position that is responsible for providing supplies, services, facilities and materials during the incident. The person in this position reports directly to the incident commander.
Planning section chief
A supervisory position that is responsible for the collection, evaluation, dissemination and use of information relevant to the incident. This position reports directly to the incident commander.
Operations section chief
A supervisory position that is responsible for the management of all actions that are directly related to controlling the incident. This position reports directly to the incident commander.
Incident command system(ICS)
A system that defines the roles and responsibilities to be assumed by personnel and the operating procedures to be used in the management and direction of emergency operations.
Limited
At the point, edge, or line beyond which something cannot or may not proceed; confined or restricted within certain limits.
A ____ is composed of the resources responsible for operations within a defined geographical area.
Division
___was created in the wake of massive southern california wildfires.
FIRESCOPE firefighting resources of southern california organized for potential emergencies
In 1982 the framework was adopted as a cornerstone of the
National Interagency Incident Management System(NIIMS)
Vigilant
On the alert and watchful.
Command staff
Positions that are established to assume responsibility for key activities in the incident management system that are not a part of the line organization; these include safety officer, liaison officer, and public information officer.
Incident action plan(IAP)
The objectives reflecting the overall incident strategy, tactics, risk management, and member safety that are developed by the incident commander. Incident action plans are updated throughout the incident.
Incident commander
The person who is responsible for all decisions relating to the management of the incident and is in charge of the incident site.
Safety Officer
The person who is responsible for monitoring and assessing safety hazards and unsafe condition; develops measures to ensure personnel safety.
A____ is an organizational element with functional responsibility for a specific incident activity, such as planning and logistic, or a specific geographic assignment.
Unit
Enclosed structure
a building that lacks Windows or doors of sufficient number and size to provide for prompt ventilation and emergency evacuation
Finance/administration section
a section of the incident management system that is responsible for the accounting and financial system that is responsible for the accounting and financial aspects of an incident, as well as any legal issues that may arise.
Group
a supervisory level established to divide the incident into functional areas of operation.
Group supervisor
a supervisory position in charge of a functional operation at the tactical level. This position reports to a branch director, the operations section chief, or the incident commander.
Crew integrity
a system in which firefighter's stay together as a team of two or more members.
4 fire cause classifications
accidental, nature, incendiary, undetermined
Dr. James reasons cites 2 reasons explaining why holes appear in the layers of defense
active failures and latent conditions.
Stephen Kerber wrote
analysis of changing residential fire dynamics and its implications on firefighter operational timeframes
The 13R system does not protect the ___ ___ or the void spaces
attic area
The inherent risks associated with emergency operations demand ___ supervision at all times
close
Strategic level
command level that entails the overall direction and goals of the incident.
3 methods for heat transfer
conduction, convection, radiation
The fire officer must consider 3 types of evidence
demonstrative, documentary and testimonial evidence
Cause determination can be approached 3 step process
determine source of ignition, determine the fuel that was ignited, determine the circumstances
9 functions of command
determining strategy, selecting incident tactics, setting the action plan, developing the ICS organization, managing resources, coordinating resource activities, providing for scene safety, releasing information about the incident, and coordinating with outside agencies.
The method most commonly used by a fire officer to activate local emergency plan is to notify the ___ ___
dispatch center
The best method of protecting the occupants from harm is to ___ the fire quickly
extinguish
Laymans 5 step process for analyzing emergency situations
facts,probabilities, situation, decision, plan of operation
The only way to go from a ventilation limited to a ___ ___ fire is through application of water before vertical ventilation
fuel limited
Competent ignition source has 3 components
generation, transmission, heating.
The first arriving company level officer has 3 options when arriving at the incident and assuming command
investigation, fast attack, or command mode.
Duponts dirty dozen are a comprehensive list of reasons and ways that humans make mistakes
lack of communication, complacency, lack of knowledge, distraction, lack of teamwork, fatigue, lack of resources, pressure, lack of assertiveness, stress, lack of awareness, norms.
Fire officials are charged not only with extinguishing fires but with finding their cause supreme court ___ ___
michigan v tyler 1978
The most common electrical fire scenario is ___ ___ __ ___
misuse by the occupant.
Everything that occurs at an emergency incident can be divided among these 4 major functional components
operations, planning, logistics, finance/administration
Self assessment should consider 4 critical areas
physical condition, mental condition, attitude, understanding human behavior
The first step in fire cause determination is to identify the ___ ___ ___
point of origin.
The national fire academy has developed a size up system that includes 3 phases
preincident information, initial size up, ongoing size up
Planning section
responsible for the collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of the incident and the status or resources. It includes the situation status, resource status, and documentation units as well as technical specialists. The planning section chief is part of general staff.
3 command staff
safety officer, liaison officer, and information officer
The 2nd consideration in situation assessment is the ___ ___ and limitations of the responding resources in relation to the problem
specific capabilities.
NFPA 1407
standard for training fire service rapid entry crews
Tactical priorities are subdivided into ___ and assigned to companies
tasks
___ is one of the most significant factors in size up
visualization
The 2nd phase of the size up begins on receipt of an alarm 3 questions need to be answered
what, where and how do i control it.
The situation assessment involved 3 considerations the 1st consideration is
whether the resources on scene and en route will be sufficient to handle the incident.
NFPA 1852
Standard on Selection, care, and Maintenance of Open circuit self contained breathing apparatus.
ICS General Staff
The group of incident managers composed of the operations section chief, planning section chief, logistics section chief, and finance/administration section chief
Liaison officer
The incident commander's representative or a point of contact for representatives from outside agencies.
Situational Awareness
The level of understanding and attentiveness one has regarding a sort of conditions.
Covering high risk operations in a high hazard environment required that the rules meet the following criteria(4)
1 be a short, specific set of bullet points 2 be easily taught and remembered 3 define critical risk issues 4 define "go" and "no GO" situations
The 2 major components to IAP
1 determination of the appropriate strategy to mitigate an incident,2 development of tactics to execute the strategy
4 sources for determining the point of origin requires the analysis of information
1 fire patterns, observations by witnesses, physics and chemistry of fire initiation, noting the location where electrical arcing has caused damage.
NIMS has 5 components
1 preparedness, communications and information management, resource management, command and management, and ongoing management and maintenance.
What are the 11 rules of engagement for structural firefighting
1 size up your tactical area of operation 2 determine the occupant survival profile 3 do not risk your life for lives or property that cannot be saved 4 extend limited risk to protect savable property 5 extend vigilant and measured risk to protect and rescue savable lives. 6 go in together, stay together, come out together. 7 maintain continuous awareness of your air supply, situation, location, and fire conditions 8 Constantly monitor fire ground communications for critical radio reports 9 you are required to report unsafe practices or conditions that can harm you. Stop evaluate, and decide 10 you are required to abandon your position and retreat before deteriorating conditions can harm you 11 declare a mayday as soon as you think you are in danger.
10 reasons firefighter's fail to or delay to declare a mayday
1 temporal distortion 2 reluctance to relinquish control of one's situations 3 channeled attention ( continuing with a previous selected course of action because other, more significant information is not perceived) 4 loss of situational awareness 5 fear of the unknown 6 fear of retribution 7 lack of procedural knowledge 8 attempting to fix the problems 9 pride 10 denial
Measured
Careful, restrained, calculated and deliberate.
in 1940 ___ authored fundamentals of fire tactics
Chief Lloyd Layman
A____ is composed of resources assigned to a specific function, such as ventilation, search and rescue, or water supply.
Group
NFPA 1404
Standard for Fire Service Respiratory Protection Training
NFPA 1521
Standard for fire department safety officer
NFPA 1561
Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System 1990
NFPA 1561
Standard on Emergency services incident management
In ICS what is the position always filled
Incident command
In October 2006 the _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ established structure, funding, and authority to improve national preparedness
Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
Provides a consistent nationwide template to enable federal, state, tribal, and local governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate, the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, so as to reduce the loss of life, property, and harm to the environments.
RECEO VS is an acronym that covers the critical factors in developing a strategy
Rescue, exposures, confinement, extinguishment, overhaul, ventilation, salvage.
Operations section
Responsible for all tactical operations at the incident. In national model, the operations section can be as large as 5 branches, 25 divisions/groups or units, or 125 single resources, task forces, or strike teams.
Logistics section
Responsible for providing facilities services and materials for the incident. Includes the communications, medical, and food units within the service branch, as well as the supply, facilities, and ground support units within the support branch. The logistics section chief is part of the general staff.
The 1974 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ was amended in 2007 to provide federal government disaster and emergency assistance to state and local governments, tribal nations, eligible private nonprofit organizations, and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency.
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
Rules of Engagement
Rules developed by the international Association of fire chiefs to promote safety for fire fighters and fire officers working at the task level of fire suppression operations.
The IAFC board of directors endorsed ___ __ _____ in August 2011 as "best safety practice model procedures."
Rules of Engagement