Final MU

By the early 1920s, radio became the recording industry's first real competition with superior sound quality. The engineers at Bell Telephone Laboratories were charged with developing a new phonograph recording system, which included the invention of the condenser microphone and led to this improved system:

the Westrex system

Why did Freeman seek an alternative way to create the string sounds of the Mellotron?

An early Mellotron cost more than a house and needed four people to move it.

Which of the following is the best definition of a modern "sampler"?

An electronic or digital musical instrument that uses sound recordings of real instrument (or other) sounds or excerpts from pre-recorded songs.

What was a defining element of the Moog and Buchla synthesizers?

voltage controlled modular units

What did Marconi introduce in the last years of the 19th century to improve prior telegraph technology?

wireless telegraphy

German engineers perfected this technology during the Second World War:

magnetic tape recording

The three main factors of Yamaha's initial success were: location, interacting with businesses small and large, and ___________________.

marketing to schools by providing free books and instruments

This device created in 1857 traced sound waves onto soot-covered paper for the purpose of studying acoustics:

phonautograph

In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the __________, which embossed sound waves into a sheet of tinfoil wrapped around a cylinder.

phonograph

In 1894, George Thomas was the first to do this:

project a series of images to accompany the live performance of a song

How was sound captured (not stored) for recording from 1901 to the mid-1920s?

acoustic horn

What music distribution technology became popular in the automobile starting in the mid-60s?

tape cassettes and cartridges

What was the name of the machine that produced the score for Hitchcock's "The Birds"?

the Trautonium

The three subcategories of electrophone are electroacoustic, ___________, and electronic.

electromechanical

Developed in 1887, Berliner refined Edison, Bell, and Tainter's designs to create the _____________, which used wax discs in place of the wax cylinder.

gramophone

Which of the following is the best example of what Mark Katz calls "Performative Quotation"?

"Fight the Power" by Public Enemy

Which of the following was the first film to use a fully electronic score?

"Forbidden Planet" in 1956

We probably would have never heard of Moog if it had not been for this recording sensation of 1968 by Wendy Carlos:

"Switched-On Bach"

Which of the following was the first feature film with pre-recorded music and spoken dialog, synced up to the film using the Vitaphone system?

"The Jazz Singer" in 1927

Which of the following is NOT an influence that dictated the type of music used on TV in the earliest years?

"The Lawrence Welk Show" was universally criticized and did not dictate the programming of other variety shows.

Which of the following is the best definition of the Music Industry Value Chain?

A cluster of groups concerned with the exploitation of music, which can be subdivided into three interconnected branches consisting of music performance, rights, and recording.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the "Top 40 music machine" today?

A focus on producing albums.

Why was the original printing process for music called a "two-impression process"?

A staff of horizontal lines was printed in a first impression; then, the musical designs (cast in type so that they could be printed at any position on the staff), were printed in a separate impression

In Katherine Cabula's lecture about the history and invention of the toy piano, she stated that the typical range of pitches for the instrument are between ten (10) and thirty-six (36) notes.

False

Symbols called neumes were used to indicate the exact pitches within each syllable of plainchant.

False

The earliest computer-based notation systems had a user-friendly, graphic interface.

False

Which of the following was one way that radio broadcast assisted in the development of the electronic music scene during the mid-20th century?

Government or university owned broadcast studios could afford the latest in electronic equipment and granted composers regular access to it.

This style of notation includes a collection of attempts at conveying musical concepts or performance instructions that are beyond the capabilities of standard notation.

Graphic notation

What did Reginald Fessenden do in 1906 that was so ground-breaking for mass media's future?

He broadcast a short program of his voice as well as both recorded and live music on Christmas Eve that was heard as far down the Atlantic seaboard as Norfolk, Virginia.

In the presentation "History of Production in Hip Hop", Nick Vasquez stated that hip hop's earliest musical influences stemmed from the music traditions of which region?

Jamaica

"The difference between 'sound effects' and 'music' is perception": this statement was aptly demonstrated during the presentation by __________.

Moe Umar

Which of the following is NOT an industry-wide change brought about by streaming?

More artists than before are breaking through to worldwide success .

How did Freeman achieve a convincing string ensemble sound?

Multiple sound generators were each modulated by a different vibrato oscillator, so that each had a different depth and speed, simulating the vibrato of multiple players.

During the mid-1970s, television in the UK and Australia was busy popularizing this genre of entertainment, which opened the way for MTV in 1981:

Music video

Overall, the changes made to orchestral instruments during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries centered on improving which characteristics of performance?

Power, consistency, and control

Which of the following was NOT an advantage of using tape for recording and production?

The short playing times brought back the popularity of the single.

How was sound captured (not stored) for recording after the mid-20s?

electric microphones

Which of the following was NOT a way that vibrato helped violinists overcome the limitations of early recording technology?

relaxed standards for executing technical passages

What machine did RCA's acoustic lab develop, hoping to someday replace live musicians?

the Mark I and II.

Which of the following was NOT a consideration for RCA Victor when deciding to release the 45 format right after Columbia released their new LP?

RCA envisioned a 45 format with small enough grooves that an entire album's worth of music would be able to fit on one smaller disc.

This method of information transfer was vital to both Yamaha and Freeman's methods of creation.

Reverse engineering

Preyank Christian stated that ancient Indian music was ________________ in form and nature.

Sacred and religious

In the late 1950s, this machine was essentially a jukebox combined a with 16mm film component:

Scopitone

True or False: A majority of "Top 40" hits are currently the product of a single artist working independently.

False

True or False: Yamaha was more of a talented technician than a skilled entrepreneur.

False

Madrigal composers began in the late sixteenth century to write works explicitly for a soloist with accompaniment and led to which notational development?

Figured bass

True or False: Based on his background and in his own words, Clint Mansell would not be able to create film music without computer technology.

True

True or False: During the 50s and 60s, only studios and wealthy individuals could afford to purchase electronic music equipment like the Moog synthesizer or Mellotron.

True

For what 1971 film did Wendy Carlos use a Moog synthesizer to create both new music as well as synthesized performances of old classics like Purcell and Beethoven?

"A Clockwork Orange"

Which of the following was the first film with an all-jazz score?

"A Streetcar Named Desire" in 1951

Which of the following was the first full-length feature film with pre-recorded sound and music (but not dialogue)?

"Don Juan" in 1926

Which of the following was the first film with a full music soundtrack made up of an original, thematic underscore, synced up to the film with optical sound and using an early click track?

"King Kong" in 1933

Elements of musical borrowing can be found in all EXCEPT which of the following works?

"The Unnameable" by Samuel Beckett

Which of the following was NOT a format or disc rpm used at one time or another?

24

Serviceman Jack Mullin brought the German Magnetophone back to the US after the War and introduced it to this iconic singer, who used it to tape his broadcasts in advance, helping to establish the technology required for studio art:

Bing Crosby

Which of the following was NOT an example of "Sound as Art" in Judy Boktor's presentation?

Bohemian Rhapsody

Sara Upcraft demonstrated in her presentation that _____________ was always present: in celebrations, festivals, sacrifices, prayers, and religous as well as casual events.

Ancient Greek music

Which of the following is NOT an important development for the music video that was brought about by Michael Jackson's "Thriller"?

Choose-Your-Own-Adventure style music selection

The first successful opera was L'Orfeo, premiered in 1607 and written by this Italian composer:

Claudio Monteverdi

Samantha Rajsavong's presentation detailed the subcategories of ________.

Electrophones

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the Internet has changed music?

Finding new music continues to be a difficult process, as it has been for the past thirty years.

Around 1973, when DJs played music for the disco scene, Kool Herc played the break from the middle of one of his hard funk records, and, using two copies of the same record, he'd elongate that break to allow for dance breaks. For this reason, he's known as the Father of _________.

Hip-hop

Iran Lopez presented a lecture on which electronic instrument?

Ondes Martenot

One result of the data-fication of streaming is:

Producers are catering to the listening experience found on laptop speakers and phones .

Why are businesses in the music industry considered "high-risk"?

Products demand a high up-front investment with high uncertainty about returns on that investment.

What is it that separates Digital Sampling from traditional Musical Borrowing?

Sound, once rendered into data, can be manipulated in a variety of ways down to the smallest details, including the ambience of the room in which it was originally recorded.

Between 1930 and 1931, Warner Brothers produced this series of five musical shorts:

Spooney Melodies

The music and sound design in this 1985 video game constantly shifted to match the action onscreen, achieving a new kind of synthesis of music with gameplay.

Super Mario Bros.

This discovery in Syria in the early 1950s contains fragments of the oldest written song.

The Sumerian clay tablets

Which of the following is the best description for what lesson we learned in both Bill Fontana's sound installations and Fatboy Slim's "Praise You"?

The meaning of a sample results from a network of relationships with other samples and sounds.

Ultimately, why was the sound of popular music changed with the reconceptualization of distortion in electric guitars?

The power of this modern sound accurately articulated the experience of society's marginalized people.

Regarding his scores for "Chariots of Fire" in 1981 and "Blade Runner" in 1982, what did Vangelis say his intent was when using electronics?

To use electronics to take music further than a standard orchestra could go.

In 800, Charlemagne decreed the replacement of diverse, local plainchant traditions with Gregorian chant to consolidate his power.

True

During the late fifteenth century, moveable-type printing was combined with which other printing method to provide the elaborate letter design in liturgical collections?

Woodcut printing

This machine released in November of 2001 promised "movielike" sound, and with its new technology sound designers were given an enormous amount of power to work with:

Xbox