final PHSY

According to self-determination theory, competence motivation involves _____.

"Self-Efficacy" and "Mastery"

Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques commonly used in _____.

Family therapy

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created by _____.

Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan.

Which of the following is true about the concrete operational stage of reasoning

7/11 years individual uses operation and replaces initiative reasoning with logical reasoning.

A test taker of the _____ is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures, including events leading up to the situation described, the characters' thoughts and feelings, and the way the situation turns out.

Thematic Apperception Test

The _____ calms the body

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Gabriela's mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela's mother _____.

encourages her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior

Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as _____.

individual psychology (Adler)

John does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental health professional. He might best be served by contacting a _____.

self-help support group

Social loafing refers to the _____.

tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state

Bipolar

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?

Flashbacks and nightmares.

A fear becomes a phobia when _____.

an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobia.

Eysenck suggested that extraverts and introverts differ in arousal in which part of the brain?

cerebral cortex.

________ intelligence is higher in middle adulthood than in young adulthood. ________ intelligence is higher in young adulthood than in middle adulthood.

crystalized. Fluid.

Walter Mischel's view of situationism states that _____.

personality varies considerably from one context to another

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.

self-serving bias

Which of these reflects a change included in the newest (fifth) edition of the DSM?

Autism spectrum disorder.

In 1973 Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital. What did the results of this study demonstrate?

Being labeled with a mental disorder creates a self-fulfilling prophecy that changes the way mental health

A(n)_____ is a mental framework for understanding what it means to be male or female in one's culture

Gender schema

"Personology" refers to _____.

Refers to the study of the whole person

A professor conducts an experiment in which she asks her students to either hold a pen between their teeth or hold a pen between their lips. Holding the pen between one's teeth mimicked the facial expression of smiling. After 5 minutes, she finds that the students who held the pen beneath their teeth reported being happier than those who held it between their lips. These results most likely will support the _____.

facial feedback hypothesis.

A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior

faulty cognitions

When a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered _____.

maladaptive (abnormal behavior)

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, performance is best under conditions of _____ arousal

moderate

Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious?

psychodynamic perspective

The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is _____.

self actualization

_____ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group

stereotype threat

One potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is _____, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs.

tardive dyskinesia

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior. Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence_____.

the amygdala is developed earlier than the prefrontal cortex

According to Rogers, we are all born with a need for_____, or a need to be liked, loved, and accepted by those around us

unconditional positive regard

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the behavioral inhibition system is

is responsive to cues for punishment, frustration, and uncertainty.

Approximately _____ of the participants in Milgram's obedience experiment administered the maximum 450-volt shock to the victim

2/3

Approximately what percentage of participants in Solomon Asch's study conformed to the group's pressure to select the incorrect line?

35

Individuals who suffer from anorexia nervosa weigh less than _____ of what is considered normal for age and height and refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level.

70 percent.

Ted is a superficially charming person but is indifferent to the pain of others. He has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes. Ted would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?

Antisocial

A child decides to steal a small item from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into the Hawk Club. The child reasons that the stealing behavior is acceptable because it is what his friends expect of him. According to Kohlberg, this child is operating at the _____ level.

Conventional

Sharon is seeing a new doctor after many different medications have failed to help with her condition. This doctor tells her that many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment of _____.

Depression

Soccer players are expected to congratulate and shake hands with the opposing team, even when their team loses the game. This is an example of _____.

Display rule

A(n) _____ is a type of self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different.

Empirically keyed test

Which researcher tracked individuals who had experienced bereavement, and looked at their patterns of grief?

George Bonanno

_____ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining unanimity in a team.

Groupthink

Which of these is the primary tool used in the United States for the classification of mental disorders?

ICD (International classification of diseases and related health problems)

According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when individuals _____.

Incorporate new information into exciting knowledge

The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's

Infant Attachment

Four-month-old baby Oscar is a participant in a preferential looking experiment. Researchers show Oscar two photos, one of which is of his mother's face, and the other which is of a female stranger's face. The photos are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photos is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for his mother's face over the stranger's face?

Oscar can discriminate his mother's face from a stranger's face

is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group while _____ is an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.

Prejudice

_____ treat depression by inhibiting reabsorption of serotonin in the brain.

SSRIs.. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational

You watch as another student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain the student's behavior?

She is a clumsy person

Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses

Systematic desensitization

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers" - that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance - the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Andrea is a preterm infant who was born 37 weeks after conception. Which of the following characteristics will decrease the probability of Andrea experiencing developmental problems?

all

Tranquilizers are _____ drugs.

antianxiety.

Learned helplessness and negative attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.

cognitive

When people try to convince Alan to stop smoking, he replies, "It's not dangerous, my Uncle Bob smoked all his life and lived until he was 93." This statement, which is an example of self-justification, illustrates Alan's attempt to reduce _____.

cognitive dissonance

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Which therapist is most closely associated with client-centered therapy?

humanistic therapy. therapist provides a warm supportive atmosphere to improve the clients self concept.

You are a humanistic therapist. A potential client is unfamiliar with your school of therapy and asks you to sum it up. You tell him the primary premise of humanistic therapy is that _____.

individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves

The _____ of Schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions

positive symptoms / negative symptoms

Neuroleptic drugs _____.

reduce schizophrenic.

Therapy benefits most individuals with psychological problems at least through the first _____ and possibly longer

six months

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

social contagion.

Which of the following brain structures plays a central role in the experience of fear?

Amygdala

Social desirability is _____.

when a participant responds in accordance to social norms, or in a manner in which they believe the researcher would desire, rather than how they truly feel or believe. Social desirability is a way of being admired by a group."

The bystander effect is most likely to occur _____.

when someone is witnessing an emergency and there are several other bystanders present

The _____ of an emotion refers to whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant. The _____ of an emotion is the degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individual's being active, engaged, or excited versus more passive, relatively disengaged, or calm

valance / arousal level

Which of the following was proposed by Kubler-Ross?

She proposed a stage model of confronting death, in which the dying individual progresses from denial to acceptance.