Final Questions
Please match the type of authority with its definition Traditional: Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs Charismatic: Power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional persona; qualities Rational-Legal: Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
. . . . .
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results B. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research C. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand D. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. Question options: a. Micro-level; macro-level b. Macro-level; micro-level c. They are both macro-level. d. They are both micro-level.
Macro level, micro level
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Question options: a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative
Quantitative
Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government? a. Oligrachy b. Dictatirship c. Constitutional monarchy d. Totalitarian dictatorship
Totalitarian dictatorship
The concept anomie can be defined as: a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective conciousness b. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group c. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests d. When one of more of an individual's roles clash
a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective conciousness
Education is important to society because a. ALL OF THE ABOVE
a. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan b. Erik Erikson c. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kholberg
a. Carol Gilligan
Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? a. Charismatic b. Rational-legal c. Traditional d. None of the above.
a. Charismatic
George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage b. game stage, play stage, gen other stage, prep stage c. prep, game, play, gen stage d. gen, prep, play, game stage
a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
a. Structural Functionalism
The term cyber feminism is defined by the text as a. The application to and promotion of feminism online b. The removal of feminist social activism from the physical world to the online world c. The thread of sexism overtaking internet message boards d. The growing number of young girls who are becoming addicted to World of Warcraft
a. The application to and promotion of feminism online
Alienation is defined by the text as: a. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. b. Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual. c. The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity d. The strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life
a. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.
Which of the following best describes the concept of "The Sick Role"? a. The patterns of expectations that define appropriate behavior-- b. The social sanctions faced by a person who claims to be sick-- c. The discriminatory practices used by corporations-- d. An illnesses that is questioned--
a. The patterns of expectations that define appropriate behavior--
The United States Government is a form of a. a bureaucracy b. a coercive organization c. a total institution d. a normative organization
a. a bureaucracy
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a. a conflict theorist b. a symbolic interactionist c. a cyberfeminist d. a functionalist
a. a conflict theorist
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. a primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships, -- b. a primary group is small and impersonal, a secondary group is large and -- c. a primary group is large and impersonal, a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships d. a primary group is large and impersonal, a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in fuction
a. a primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships, --
In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program---- a. an innovation b. a discovery c. a culture lag d. a cultural universal
a. an innvation
Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town---- a. ethnography b. case study c. experiment d. secondary data analysis
a. ethnography
Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers'---- a. field research b. surveys c. experiments d. secondary data analysis
a. field research
Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research a. gathering data from government studies b. educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c, interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles d. volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons
a. gathering data from government studies
What is the importance of interpretive framework? a. it leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world b. it eliminates the need for a literature review c. it relies on statistics to determine casual relationships d. it prevents researchers from making unethical decisions
a. it leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world
A paradigm can be defined as a. philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline---- b. the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion c. the consequence of a social process that are sought or anticipated d. social patterns that have undesireable consequences for the operation of society
a. philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline----
Which of the following is an example of informal sanction? a. the football team throwing a slushy-- b. Lily being sent to prison-- c. Brent illegally downloading--- d. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from---
a. the football team throwing a slushy--
Peer groups are important to adolescents because a. they help to develop a sense of identity- b. they provide the second major socialization- c. they rank higher in importance- d. they help event dependence-
a. they help to develop a sense of identity-
Emile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways . One of the most influential impacts was a.It defined the differences between sociology and psychology b. It allowed sociology and psychology to merge into one field c. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie d. It earned Emile Durkheim the title "father of sociology"--
a.It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
The term values can be defined as: a) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c) Scriptures found within the Bible. d) Federal laws and regulations.
b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? a. A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line b. A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama c. A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns d. A toll-booth employee collecting toll change
b. A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama
How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? a. Newspaper advertising revenue has greatly increased,-- b. Cable and online revenue have remained-- c. Magazine revenue has risen steadily-- d. Online advertising revenue has fallen slightly--
b. Cable and online revenue have remained--
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
b. Conflict
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media
b. Digital divide
________ described how any action that is represented frequently becomes cast into a pattern a. Institutionalization b. Habitualization c. Industrialization d. Rationalization
b. Habitualization
What was the significance of the famous case Reynolds v. Sims? a. It gave African-Americans the right to vote b. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally c. It gave women the right to vote d. It established the precedent that felons are not allowed to vote
b. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic a. Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser-- b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledgers not to socialize-- c. Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in-- d. The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair
b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledgers not to socialize--
On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of _______ a. Institutionalization b. Role performance c. Role strain d. Ascribed status
b. Role performance
When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out-Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture
b. The McDonaldization of Society
The debate about net neutrality consists of two main ideas. Which of the following is one of those sides? a. Designating those who provide internet-- b. Those who provide internet service should be treated as common- c. People should pay internet providers a premium-- d. Companies should invest in making improvements--
b. Those who provide internet service should be treated as common-
A cultural universal is a. an object or a belonging of a group b. a pattern or trait common to all societies c. the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular society d. the written document outlining appropriate behavior
b. a pattern or trait common to all societies
The term interpretive framework can be defined as a. a basis for which sociologists determine whether their interdependent and dependent variables reflect the results b. a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing c. an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions d. specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
b. a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing
The term language can be defined as a. gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world b. a symbolic system in which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted c. the exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus d. communication grounded in ideas norms and values
b. a symbolic system in which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
Durkheim defined _______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society a. the iron cage b. collective conscience c. bourgeoisie d. anomie
b. collective conscience
Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by ix corporations. This is a product of ________ a. cyberfeminism b. media globalization c. technological imbalance d. corporate isolation
b. media globalization
Susan has the newest iphone, ipad, and mac. When a new apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n) a. republican b. technophile c. PC Person d. Neo-luddite
b. technophile
What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Beatniks b) Hepcats c) Hipsters d) Hippies
c) Hipsters
_______ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer a. Industrial b. Feutal c. Agricultural d. Hunter-gatherer
c. Agricultural
Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in: a. Democracy b. Constitutional monarchy c. Anarchy d. Oligarchies
c. Anarchy
Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a. A degradation ceremony. b. Developing her sense of self. c. Anticipatory socialization. d. Developing her sense of morality.
c. Anticipatory socialization.
An instrumental leader a. Promotes emotional strength and health , ensuring that people feel supported b. Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks d. Rejects gender roles in the name of he feminist movement
c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development
c. Nature vs. Nurture
Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence? a. Evangeline refuses to purchase a Droid or iPhone because-- b. Target offers a "buy two, get one free"-- c. Sarah's iPod breaks just as-- d. Jerome spills coffee on his MacBook--
c. Sarah's iPod breaks just as--
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
c. Utilitarian organization
Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the _______ a. experimental group b. control group c. dependent variable d. independent variable
c. dependent variable
Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher's Union rallies undesirable, because they force political change? a. feminist b. conflict theory c. functionalism d. symbolic interactionism
c. functionalism
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism a. Ingrid becoming upset over the course language in the australian outback b. andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove c. helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying d. joseph protesting the running of the bulls while visiting Pamplora
c. helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? a. Putting your cell phones on silent during a broadway production b. holding hands with your best friend c. incest taboos d. marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
c. incest taboos
_______ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored _______ a. dunkheim, communism b. max weber, positivism c. karl marx, communism d. camte, antipositivism
c. karl marx, communism
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? a. conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b. drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c. observing study participants without their consent d. using a control group and an experimental group during observation
c. observing study participants without their consent
______ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society a. symbolic interactionists b. conflict theorists c. structural fundementalists d. social individualists
c. structural fundementalists
A class of third is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of _______ a. the authority effect b. the regressive effect c. the hawthorne effect d. the cognizant effect
c. the hawthorne effect
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a. the yuppie craze of the 1980's b. the Kardashian obsession of the 2010's c. the hippie movement of the 1960's d. the disco invasion of the 1970's
c. the hippie movement of the 1960's
Karl Marx asserted that the means of socialist change existed in the tension between a. the enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power-- b. the bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources-- c. the working class proletariat taking the means of production-- d. the proletariat fighting each other for a position within--
c. the working class proletariat taking the means of production--
Verstehen can be defined by the text as a. to maintain a moral conscience b. to compare and contrast social facts c. to understand in a deep way d. to require proof of interpretation
c. to understand in a deep way
Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: Question options: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism
conflict theory
The term meritocracy us defined by the text as a. A status based regime in which advancement is unlikely b. the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation c. The authoritarian devalue of an employee d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills
d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills
Please define representative democracy: a. A form of government in which a small percentage of the population is represented by popular election, and the rest of the population is represented by those whose office is dependent upon noble birth. b. A government of a nation that recognizes monarchs but requires these figures to abide by the laws of a greater constitution. c. A form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group. d. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.
d. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
A total institution can be defined as a. A business which offers career advice for federal employees b. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making c. A clear chain of command found in bureaucracy d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a. Digital divide b. Design patent c. Stolen technology d. Evolutionary model of technological change
d. Evolutionary model of technological change
What is a negative risk of media globalization? a. Social media spreading awareness about social causes b. accessible technology being made available to remote societies c. The spread of computer literacy d. Governments censoring information for their benefit
d. Governments censoring information for their benefit
Medical sociology is the systematic study of a. The causes and distribution of diseases b. Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients c. The rate of which social diseases spread amongst varying socioeconomic populations d. How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
d. How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination a. The theory that man evolved slowly over time b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure
d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure
Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n): a. Expressive function b. Intrinsic function c. Elementary function d. Instrumental function
d. Instrumental function
How did Max Weber define power? a. The authority to imprison citizens without cause b. The legal resources to prosecute and punish c. Politically elected influence used to control the masses d. The ability to exercise one's will over others
d. The ability to exercise one's will over others
When a number of gay men in New York, San Francisco, and Los Angeles begin dying of a mysterious disease in the early 1980's, the public began referring to the disease as "the gay cancer" stigmatizing the disease for doctors and patients. This is an example of a. The medicalization of deviance b. The social construction of the illness experience c. The decriminalization of HIV d. The cultural meaning of illness
d. The cultural meaning of illness
Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of: a. The influences of a total institution b. The generalized other c. The influences of one's peer groups d. The hidden curriculum of schools
d. The hidden curriculum of schools
Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses a. Globalization healthcare b. Optimization healthcare c. Market-driven healthcare d. Universal Healthcare
d. Universal Healthcare
Which of the following is NOT one of Max's four types of alienation? a. alientation from the product of one's labor b. alienation from one's self c. alienation from others d. alienation from one's religion
d. alienation from one's religion
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to __________ while examining different social worlds a. reject antiquitated notions of privacy and consent b. methodically predict situational outcomes c. manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions d. gain a subjective understanding of human culture norms
d. gain a subjective understanding of human culture norms
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a. driving on the right hand side of the road b. crossing streets on cross-walks c. paying taxes d. making eye contact while speaking
d. making eye contact while speaking
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy? a. clear division of labor b. impersonality c. explicit rules d. personality-based promotion
d. personality-based promotion
Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. ----- a. ethnography b. surveys c. experiments d. secondary data analysis
d. secondary data analysis
In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement? a. feminist b. exchange theory c. functionalism d. symbolic interactionism
d. symbolic interactionism
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students---- a. laatent; manifest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent d. latent; latent
manifest; latent