Final Quiz 11.1a (RHIT)

After the researchers see the number of subjects they will have to interview, they reexamine their criteria. The researchers could decrease the number of subjects while having the least impact on the reliability of the study by decreasing p or increasing B. increasing p or decreasing B. decreasing p and increasing B. increasing p and decreasing B.

decreasing p or increasing B.

The major purpose of random assignment in a clinical trial is to ensure that the study groups are comparable on baseline characteristics. facilitate double-blinding. reduce selection bias in allocation of treatment. help ensure that study subjects are representative of the general population.

reduce selection bias in allocation of treatment. -- A clinical trial uses random assignment because it must have as little selection bias as possible in the treatment allocated

The ability to obtain the same results from different studies using different methodologies and different populations is confidence. specificity. reliability. validity.

reliability. -- Reliability is the repeatability of scientific observations; can another person replicate the study using the same instrument and get the same result --- Confidence is the confirmation that the data can be trusted as accurate -- Specificity is the greatest level of detail --- Validity is the degree to which scientific observations actually measure or record what they are supposed to measure

Sea Side Clinic (SSC) provides episode of care service for four insurance companies. Data on services provided and reimbursement received are provided below. The most profitable insurance company for the units of services Sea Side Clinic performs is service A with Lifecare. service B with Be Healthy. service B with Get Well. service A with SureHealth.

service B with Be Healthy ---- Be Healthy, Service B = 89,425.65 / 417 = 214.45 Lifecare, Service A = 31,196.55 / 259 = 120.45 Get Well, Service B = 96,929.25 / 465 = 208.45 SureHealth, Service A = 54,631.50 / 462 = 118.25

Looking at the graph above, you can assume that more people were admitted to the facility with infections than without infections. acquired infections in the hospital than were admitted with infections. were admitted to the facility with infections than is typical for U.S. hospitals. were admitted to the facility with infections than acquired infections in the hospital.

were admitted to the facility with infections than acquired infections in the hospital.

CMS has increased the weight for MS-DRG A by 14%, increased the weight for MS-DRG B by 20%, and decreased the weight for MS-DRG D by 10%. Given these new weights, which MS-DRG generated the most revenue for Venice Bay Health Center? MS-DRG A MS-DRG D MS-DRG B MS-DRG C

MS-DRG C --- MS-DRG A = 2.023 increased by 0.14 (14%) = an increase of 0.283 MS-DRG A = 2.023 plus 0.283 = a new weight of 2.306 MS-DRG B = 0.987 increased by 0.20 (20%) = an increase of 0.197 MS-DRG B = 0.987 plus 0.197 = a new weight of 1.184 MS-DRG C = 1.925 ... no changes MS-DRG D = 1.243 decreased by 0.10 (10%) = a decrease of 0.124 MS-DRG D = 1.243 minus 0.124 = a new weight of 1.119 MS-DRG A = 2.306 multiplied by 323 = 744.84 MS-DRG B = 1.184 multiplied by 489 = 578.98 MS-DRG C = 1.925 multiplied by 402 = 773.85 MS-DRG D = 1.119 multiplied by 386 = 431.93 The results show that the MS-DRG still has the highest volume is MS-DRG C with 773.85.

The MS-DRG that generated the most revenue for Venice Bay Health Center is MS-DRG B. MS-DRG C. MS-DRG D. MS-DRG A.

MS-DRG C ---- MS-DRG A = 2.023 multiplied by 323 = 653.43 MS-DRG B = 0.987 multiplied by 489 = 482.64 MS-DRG C = 1.925 multiplied by 402 = 773.85 MS-DRG D = 1.243 multiplied by 386 = 479.80 The results show that the MS-DRG with the highest volume is MS-DRG C with 773.85.

What is the biggest problem with the pie graph displayed above? There is not enough variation in the patterns to clearly distinguish between females and children. The total males and females do not equal the total children, adolescents, and adults. There are no definitions for children, adolescents, and adults. There is more than one variable displayed on the chart.

There is more than one variable displayed on the chart.

The physicians at Sunset Shore Clinic reported the following statistics last Tuesday. The physician who performed the highest number of services overall last Tuesday was Dr. Howe. Wooley. Truba. Masters.

Wooley. ---- Howe = 18 + 5 + 6 = 29 Masters = 12 + 20 + 7 = 39 Truba = 10 + 22 + 10 = 42 Wooley = 14 + 22 + 9 = 45

Use the formula below as a resource to answer the question. If population size (N) = 1,200 and the proportion of subjects needed (p) = 0.5 and the acceptable amount of error (B) = 0.05, then sample size (n) = 300. 200. 400. 600.

300 --- Numerator: Np(1-p) 1,200 (population size) multiplied by 0.5 (p) multiplied by 0.5 (1 - 0.5) 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 --- (1200)(0.5)(0.5) = 1,200 x 0.5 = 600 multiplied by 0.5 = 300 ------------------- Denominator: (N - 1)(B2/4) + (p)(1 - p) 1200 - 1 = 1,199 -- 0.052/4 = 0.05 x 0.05 = 0.0025 /4 = 0.000625 --- (1,199)(0.000625) = 0.749 -- P(1 - p) = 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25 0.749 + 0.25 = 1 ------ Formula = 300 divided by 1 = 300

Use the historical graph below to answer the question. The total number of infections at South Beach Hospital during the first quarter (January-March) was 22. 6. 38. 12.

38 --- Use the solid line for admissions for infections, which shows for January, there were 10 patients admitted, February saw 12 patients admitted, and then March saw 10 patients admitted. This is a total of 32 patients admitted with infections. We are not counting hospital-acquired infections, as those are infections that the patient contracted while in the hospital.

The chart above shows a normal distribution. What percentage of the cases falls within the two lines showing the standard distribution between -1 and +1 on either side of the mean? 75% 95% 99% 68%

68% ---- This chart is a normal distribution or a bell curve. The empirical rule which identifies that approximately 68% of the data falls between one standard deviation and about 95% of the data in a normal distribution falls between the two standard deviations. Only one deviation is shown, therefore, the correct answer is 68%.

Sea Side Clinic (SSC) provides episode of care service for four insurance companies. Data on services provided and reimbursement received are provided below. It would be most profitable for Sea Side Clinic to increase episode of care service with Be Healthy. SureHealth. Get Well. Lifecare.

Be Healthy. ---- Lifecare = [(31,196.55 / 259 = 120.45) + (163,577.40 / 812 = 201.45)] = 321.90 / 2 = 160.95 Get Well = [(100,859.52 / 786 = 128.32) + (96,929.25 / 465 = 208.45)] = 336.77 /2 = 168.39 SureHealth = [(54,631.50 / 462 = 118.25) + (107,093.60 / 509 = 210.40)] = 328.65 / 2 = 164.33 Be Healthy = [(26,991.75 / 219 = 123.25) + (89,425.65 / 417 = 214.45)] = 337.70 / 2 = 168.85 Be Healthy should increase their episodes of care with this company

You are choosing restaurants where you might eat while you are in Chicago at the AHIMA Leadership Conference. You have collected the following information about four possible lunch restaurants that are all located within easy walking distance of the meeting site. The data are displayed below. You want to stay within the reimbursement rate allowed by your Component State Association, so it is important to you that you have at least a 95% chance of eating a lunch that costs no more than $10.00. Therefore, when lunchtime comes, you head to Au Courant or The Windy City Grill. Mario's or Au Courant. The Windy City Grill or Bon Appetite. Bon Appetite or Mario's.

Bon Appetite or Mario's.

Sandy Beach Hospital reports 1,652 discharges for September. The infection control report documents 21 hospital-acquired infections and 27 community-acquired infections for the same month. What is the community-acquired infection rate? 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.9

1.6 ---- The question states that there were 27 CAIs. The 21 hospital-acquired infections are not applicable for this question. -- Take 27 CAIs divided by 1,652 TDs = 0.016, which is written as 1.6% ---- Or take 27 (multiplied by 100 to convert to a percentage) divided by the total number of discharges (1,652): 2,700 divided by 1,652 = 1.6%.

A study found that liver cancer rates per 100,000 males among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in a major U.S. city were 48.0 and 25.4, respectively. The relative risk of developing liver cancer for male smokers compared to nonsmokers is 22.6. 48.0. 15.6. 1.89.

1.89 ---- The formula used to calculate relative risk is the number of males who smoked cigarettes divided by the number of nonsmokers. 48.0 / 25.4 = 1.89

You have been conducting productivity studies on your coders and find that 20% of their time is devoted to querying physicians about missing or unclear diagnoses. Assuming your coders work a 7-hour day, how many minutes do they spend per day querying physicians? 21 84 140 56

84 --- The coders work 7 hours per day: 60 minutes multiplied by 7 = 420 minutes per day. 420 minutes multiplied by 20% = 84 minutes per day spent querying physicians.

What conclusion can you make from the pie graph below? A pie graph should not be used, because the data are representational instead of quantitative. A pie graph should not be used, because the data are qualitative instead of quantitative. A pie graph should not be used, because there are too many categories for effective display. A pie graph is a good choice and is often used to display this kind of data.

A pie graph should not be used, because there are too many categories for effective display. --- As you can see, this pie graph is very difficult to read because there are too many tiny slices to communicate clearly. This indicates that a pie graph is not the most effective way to illustrate these results.

Which type of chart is the best way to illustrate a hospital's discharge statistics to compare the various services provided in the hospital: General Medicine 350 discharges Surgery 235 discharges Obstetrics 185 discharges Pediatrics 105 discharges Orthopedics 75 discharges Pie graph Line graph Histogram Scatter diagram

Histogram --- Histogram illustrates data collected over a specified length of time as well as the frequency of that data in bar form. This is the correct answer --. Line graph illustrates data over a sequence of time or another category. This is not the correct answer. -- Pie graph illustrates individual categories of data shown as a portion of the whole. This is not the correct answer. -- Scatter diagram illustrates relationships of one variable on one axis while showing a defect on the other axis. This is not the correct answer.

A transcription supervisor collected the data displayed above. What kind of data display is it? And how many errors are attributed to skipped words? This is a histogram chart; 18 errors were due to skipped words. This is a Pareto diagram; 18 errors were due to skipped words. This is a histogram chart; 12 errors were due to skipped words. This is a Pareto diagram; 12 errors were due to skipped words.

This is a histogram chart; 12 errors were due to skipped words

In statistics, the notation "ΣXY" means summed all the values of the X variable, all the values of the Y variable, and then multiplied all of these results. multiplied each pair of the X and Y scores and then summed their values. summed all the values of the X variable and then multiplied this result times the values of the Y variable. variation of the X and Y variable is multiplied then squared

multiplied each pair of the X and Y scores and then summed their values ----- To answer this question, one must know that the symbol "Σ" means the sum of. Then the pair of variables are multiplied and totaled.

Harry H. Potts was admitted to your hospital to receive a second round of chemotherapy for an invasive tumor. Four days after admission, Harry complained of a sore throat and developed a fever. Harry's throat culture was positive for strep. His strep throat will be added to the numerator of the hospital's community-acquired infection rate. added to the numerator of the hospital's hospital-acquired infection rate. considered separately because Harry H. Potts is immunosuppressed from chemotherapy. added to the denominator of the hospital's hospital-acquired infection rate.

added to the numerator of the hospital's hospital-acquired infection rate. ---- Total number of hospital-acquired infections diagnosed more than 72 hours after admission (the numerator) divided by the total number of discharges (including deaths) (the denominator). --- Harry H. Potts was diagnosed with an infection (Strep throat) after 4 days in the hospital. Therefore, his condition will be added to the numerator of the formula to calculate hospital-acquired infection rate.

The display below is a bar chart, which is commonly used to display discrete data. bar chart, which is commonly used to display continuous data. histogram, which is commonly used to display discrete data. histogram, which is commonly used to display continuous data.

histogram, which is commonly used to display continuous data. --- Histogram illustrates data collected over a specified length of time as well as the frequency of that data in bar form. -- The image shown is a histogram, because the bars are touching. --- Continuous data is information that can take various values and is not confined to integer values. -- Discrete data is quantitative Information that can be categorized. Therefore, this is a histogram that shows continuous data.

Twelve new cases of a certain disease occurred during the month of August. If 4,000 persons were at risk during August, then the prevalence was 3 per 1,000 persons. prevalence was 6 per 1,000 persons. incidence was 6 per 1,000 persons. incidence was 3 per 1,000 persons.

incidence was 3 per 1,000 persons. -- "newly reported cases." Therefore, 12 new cases divided by 4,000 population at risk = 0.003 or 3/1000 or 3 per 1,000.

All of the following items mean the same thing, EXCEPT inpatient census. daily inpatient census. daily census. inpatient service day.

inpatient census

A fetal death occurring during the 21st week of pregnancy, weighing 1,000 g is considered to be a(n) late fetal death. intermediate fetal death. preterm neonate. early fetal death.

intermediate fetal death --- Intermediate fetal death is 20 weeks to less than 28 weeks gestation --- Early fetal death is fewer than 20 weeks gestation -- Late fetal death is 28 weeks or more gestational age -- Preterm neonate is born alive before 37 weeks gestation is completed

The primary difference between an experimental (randomized) clinical trial and other observational study designs in epidemiology is that in an experimental trial, the study is case controlled. study and control maps are selected on the basis of exposure to the suspected causal factor. study is prospective. investigator determines who is and who is not exposed.

investigator determines who is and who is not exposed. --- In the experimental (randomized) study, the researcher manipulates one variable and observes what follows while comparing the results to a group with no manipulation.

You want to graph the number of patients admitted to three different medical staff services on each day of the last month. Because you have a large number of observations (one for each day of the month) and you want to be able to compare the observations for each of the three services on one data display, your best choice is a line graph. histogram. bar chart. table.

line graph -- Line graph illustrates data over a sequence of time or another category -- Histogram illustrates data collected over a specified length of time as well as the frequency of that data in bar form. -- Bar chart illustrates the values of various types or categories of data providing the ability to compare data visualized by the height of the bar --- Table uses columns and rows to organize data

You have made a list of the advantages and disadvantages of a measure of central tendency. The measure of central tendency you are describing is the mean. mode. range. median.

mode. --- Mean: The arithmetic average. -- Median: The midpoint of a list of data that has been arranged in order from highest to lowest. -- Mode: The data that appears most often in a list. There also can be no mode or several modes, such as tallying election results. -- Range: An identification of the lowest and the highest of a list.

The data display below is a heterogeneous curve. positive skewed curve. normal distribution or curve. negative skewed curve.

normal distribution or curve --- Normal distribution curve, also known as a bell curve, illustrates a distribution that occurs naturally -- Heterogeneous curve illustrates differences across the units being studied --- Negative skewed curve illustrates an atypical distribution, which is higher on the left side of the graph --- Positive skewed curve illustrates an atypical distribution, which is higher on the right side of the graph

The data displayed in the histogram below could best be described as negatively skewed. normally distributed. positively skewed. evenly distributed.

positively skewed -- Evenly distributed would have all of the bars at an equal level. -- Negatively skewed would show the largest data to the left. --- Normally distributed would look like a bell curve with the largest data in the center. --- Positively skewed shows the largest data to the right. This is the correct answer.

A distribution is said to be positively skewed when the mean is shifted to the left. bimodal. multimodal. shifted to the right.

shifted to the right. --- Shifted to the right is data that is positive is skewed to the right --- Bimodal is the statistical distribution that has two maxima -- Multimodal is the statistical distribution that has several maxima --- Shifted to the left is data that is negative is skewed to the left

Which statistical analysis would be the best technique to use on the following problem? A study compared the effects of retesting on the scores of students who failed a writing test. Students who did not pass on their first attempt were allowed to retest. Results showed that students had higher mean scores at retest whether they attended additional training before retesting or not. t-test ANOVA regression descriptive stats

t-test --- ANOVA, short for Analysis of Variance, is a statistical method in which the variation through a set of observations is divided into distinct components. This is not the correct answer. -- Descriptive stats, that is, descriptive statistics are brief coefficients that summarize a given set of data which are often a sample of a population. This is not the correct answer. --- Regression is a measure of the relationship between the mean value of one variable and other corresponding values of other variables. This is not the correct answer. ---- t-Test is a method to determine whether the differences between means of two groups are significant and related in any way. This is the correct answer.

A major disadvantage of cross-sectional studies is that prevalence rates cannot be calculated. they cannot provide information on both exposure and disease status in the same individual. they are usually more expensive and can take a long time to complete. the time sequence of exposure and disease is usually not known.

the time sequence of exposure and disease is usually not known. -- A major disadvantage of cross-sectional studies is that the time sequence of exposure and disease is usually not known.

The name given to the error committed when the null hypothesis is rejected and it is actually true is alternative hypothesis. type II error. type I error. selection bias.

type I error --- Type I error, also known as a significance level, occurs when the researcher rejects a null hypothesis when that null hypothesis is true. This is the correct answer. -- Type II error occurs wh