Final Review

What percent of adults did researchers recently estimate had suffered a clinically significant psychological disorder during the prior year?

26%

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of which disorder?

ADHD

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

Bipolar

Between 1994 and 2003, adolescent with String mood swings were increasingly likely to be diagnosed as suffering from which disorder?

Bipolar disorder

Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. She most likely suffers from which disorder?

Catalonia

What are the false beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia called?

Delusions

Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by which major symptom?

Depression

Describe some of the symptoms/causes of schizophrenia

Disorganized/fragmented thinking

Calvin Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-life threatening behaviors. Mr.Pott's emphasized best illustrates which psychological perspective perspective on the disorder?

Evolutionary

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from which disorder?

Generalized Anxiety

What is one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations

Vigorous activity in the thalamus of schizophrenia patients has been found to be associated with symptom of the disorder?

Hearing voices

Give at least one example of cognitive change that accompanies depression?

Increased expectation in negative outcomes

A deluded Scotsman, Daniel M'Naughten, tried to assassinate a Government official in 1843. He was sent to a mental hospital rather than to a prison because he was judged to have symptoms of which disorder?

Insanity

Describe two ways for people to break the vicious cycle of depression

Internalize, own limitations, and recognize past mistakes

What is a major characteristic of a phobia?

Irrational and persistent fear

What is a fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behavior?

Leads to bias of our perceptions

Which part of the brain (that floods the body with stress hormones) may be more sensitive in those suffering from PTSD?

Limbic System

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from which disorder?

Major Depression

Learned helplessness is most clearly associated with which disorder?

Major Depression

According to the medical model, how are psychological disorders defined?

Need to be diagnosed and cured

Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of which neurotransmitter?

Norepinephrine

After watching her sister's fearful response to the sight of a spider, Kerri became intensely fearful of spiders. This best illustrates that a specific phobia can be learned through which psychological term?

Observational learning

What is a common characteristic of mania?

Optimism

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of which disorder?

PTSD

Which disorder would show found increased activity in the amygdala during a PET scan?

Paranoia

Psychiatrist and psychologists are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it has what major characteristic?

Personally distressful

An abnormal shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with which disorder?

Schizophrenia

Low birth weight is a known risk factor for which disorder?

Schizophrenia

Which country did a World Health Organization study of 20 countries show the highest prevalence of mental disorders during the pior year?

USA