Final Study Guide- Midterm

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt was reluctant to become a candidate for president because a. the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane. b. Robert La Follette had been working to secure the nomination for himself. c. President William H. Taft announced he would seek reelection. d. many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. Robert La Follette had been working to secure the nomination for himself.

In the late nineteenth century, as veterans of the Civil War retired, a. the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans. b. they were paid pensions by individual states, but not by the federal government. c. the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans. d. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions. e. they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.

d. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.

When President Woodrow Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate, a. the American public clearly supported its ratification. b. most so-called "irreconcilable" senators favored it in principle. c. he was willing to compromise on the language of the treaty but not its major points. d. he found a close ally in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, Henry Cabot Lodge. e. he refused to appeal to the public, believing the treaty should stand on its merits alone.

a. the American public clearly supported its ratification.

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by a. the political parties. b. the federal government. c. private contractors. d. state governments. e. philanthropic organizations.

a. the political parties.

In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft a. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him. b. narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan. c. was opposed by progressives and conservatives. d. had a public image very much like that of Theodore Roosevelt. e. decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.

a. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.

The Rocky Mountain school of painting a. marked a sharp departure from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters. b. helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West. c. emphasized the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples. d. first gained popular acceptance in the early twentieth century. e. was a significant influence on the abstract art that would soon flourish in Europe.

b. helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West.

During the 1920s, when $1,800 was considered the minimum annual income for a decent standard of living, the average annual income of a worker was approximately a. $700. b. $1,100. c. $1,500. d. $1,900.

c. $1,500.

The most prominent exponent of black nationalism following World War I was Select one: a. Claude McKay. b. Booker T. Washington. c. Marcus Garvey. d. W. E. B. Du Bois. e. Malcolm X.

c. Marcus Garvey.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a. resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. b. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. c. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. d. was only applied in California. e. had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America.

c. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 a. was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans. b. signified that the era of trusts was ending. c. was indifferently enforced and weakened by the courts. d. was strengthened by the courts over the next decade. e. mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.

c. was indifferently enforced and weakened by the courts.

In the late nineteenth century, immigrants in the United States a. were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before. b. took up semi-skilled craft jobs. c. avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry. d. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland. e. settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest.

d. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland.

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that a. the western frontier had ended. b. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. c. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. d. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. e. California was now the most populous state.

d. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880.

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to a. the rapid growth of urban America. b. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. c. disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments. d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. e. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.

After the United States entered World War I, a. most German Americans supported the American war effort. b. German books were removed from many American schools and libraries. c. the playing of German music was banned in many American communities. d. sauerkraut in the U.S. was renamed "liberty cabbage." e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, Democrats tended to attract greater numbers of a. Catholics. b. citizens of old American stock. c. the middle class. d. Protestants. e. northern blacks.

a. Catholics.

Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods? Select one: a. Henry James b. Charles S. Peirce c. Charles Darwin d. John Dewey e. Edward A. Ross

a. Henry James

American agriculture at the turn of the century benefited from a. foreign crop failures. b. new discoveries of silver. c. a new silver agreement with Great Britain and France. d. new federal crop subsidies. e. free trade agreements negotiated by William McKinley.

a. foreign crop failures.

During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came fro a. Italy and the Slavic countries. b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe. c. Poland, Hungary, and Russia. d. Japan and China. e. Mexico.

b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe.

In the late nineteenth century, the writer Henry George argued in favor of a. taxing only the richest Americans. b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. c. government efforts to increase land values. d. heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry. e. abolishing all taxes.

b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes.

In the campaign of 1896, William McKinley a. alienated Protestants by reaching out to Catholics. b. campaigned largely from his house. c. was significantly outspent by his opponent. d. appealed to the interests of urban industrial workers. e. embarked on an unprecedented public-speaking tour.

b. campaigned largely from his house.

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely to a. hold on to their old ethnic habits. b. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. c. break from their traditional culture. d. resist external social pressures to assimilate. e. return to the Old World for good.

c. break from their traditional culture.

Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because a. the Constitution prevented him from doing so. b. he had lost much of his public popularity. c. in 1904 he had promised not to run again. d. he was denied the nomination of his party. e. he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.

c. in 1904 he had promised not to run again.

In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by Select one: a. very poor people. b. the working class. c. moderately well-to-do people. d. people from all income backgrounds. e. very wealthy people.

c. moderately well-to-do people.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of newspapers a. resulted in most large cities being serviced by one dominant paper. b. led to a significant decline in the telegraph industry. c. was largely due to national population growth. d. saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population. e. did not coincide with a rise in journalists' salaries.

d. saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population.

The temperance movement between 1914 and 1919 a. gained momentum as a result of World War I. b. was opposed by most conservative Christians. c. saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members. d. resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment. e. gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.

a. gained momentum as a result of World War I.

In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon a. created the ideas of laissez-faire capitalism. b. led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States. c. argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers. d. led the American Federation of Labor. e. became a strong advocate of Taylorism.

b. led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States.

As president, Rutherford B. Hayes a. refused to make political compromises with Democrats. b. promised to serve only one term. c. helped to unify Republicans and Democrats. d. called for a modest expansion of Reconstruction programs. e. promised to take the South back from the "Redeemers."

b. promised to serve only one term.

In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to a. encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. b. improve the safety and quality of consumer products. c. protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers. e. All these answers are correct.

d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking a. the legality of segregation. b. restrictions on black education. c. the loss of black voting rights. d. the crime of lynching. e. the arguments of Booker T. Washington.

d. the crime of lynching.

Mining in the West a. did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War. b. flourished until the 1930s. c. saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors. d. kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base. e. saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations

e. saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations

President Theodore Roosevelt's policies, in regard to Asia, were intended a. to favor Japan. b. to favor Russia. c. to favor China. d. to secure American dominance there. e. to prevent both Japan and Russia from becoming dominant there.

e. to prevent both Japan and Russia from becoming dominant there.

Al Smith lost the 1928 presidential election, in part because a. he failed to carry the South. b. of a financial scandal within his campaign. c. of his close connections to the oil industry. d. he both failed to carry the South and maintained close connections to the oil industry. e. All these answers are correct.

a. he failed to carry the South.

Beginning in 1898, the American war in the Philippines a. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths. b. saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict. c. was led by General George Pershing. d. saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict. e. went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.

a. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths.

In the workplace, the "open shop" meant a. no worker was required to join a union. b. skilled workers were required to join a craft union. c. labor unions had the right to organize that particular industry. d. workers had no right to join a union. e. workers would be allowed to come and go as they pleased.

a. no worker was required to join a union.

In 1919, the racial climate in the United States a. worsened in both the North and South. b. worsened in the South but not in the North. c. improved in both the North and South. d. improved in the North but not in the South. e. generally stayed the same as it had been before the war.

a. worsened in both the North and South.

After the conflict between Russia and Japan in 1904-1905, a. relations between Japan and the Roosevelt administration steadily improved. b. President Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, including to Japan, as a show of force. c. the Japanese military presence in the Pacific declined. d. the Russian government collapsed. e. President Roosevelt negotiated a secret free trade agreement with Russia

b. President Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, including to Japan, as a show of force.

Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event? a. Homestead strike b. Pullman strike c. Haymarket Square riot d. Railroad strike of 1877 e. All these answers are correct.

b. Pullman strike

Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism a. included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop. b. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive. c. were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself. d. differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs. e. suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade.

b. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.

Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West shows a. showed the realities of life on the frontier. b. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States. c. did not include representations of Indians. d. ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself. e. often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley.

b. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.

During the 1920s, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters a. was formed by the American Federation of Labor. b. was one of the few unions led by African Americans. c. organized against sleeping car manufacturer A. Philip Randolph. d. was one of the few unions led by African Americans, and it was formed by the American Federation of Labor. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. was one of the few unions led by African Americans.

The Knights of Labor a. was primarily a trade union. b. did not allow women to join. c. began as a secret fraternal organization. d. focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours. e. tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.

c. began as a secret fraternal organization.

The 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn a. took place in Wyoming. b. saw the destruction of the entire Seventh Cavalry. c. was a short-lived Indian victory. d. marked the start of prolonged warfare in the Dakotas. e. saw the Sioux united under Sitting Bull and Geronimo.

c. was a short-lived Indian victory.

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, a. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women. b. many states gave full voting rights to women. c. New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote. d. Illinois was the first state east of the Mississippi to grant women the right to vote. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of a. the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment. b. the growing political strength of Democrats. c. the Panic of 1873. d. perceptions of black and carpetbag misgovernment in the South. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

William Jennings Bryan was nominated for president in the 1896 election by the a. Farmers' Alliance. b. Democrats. c. Populists. d. Republicans. e. Democrats and Populists.

e. Democrats and Populists.

In the 1870s in the Far West, the largest single Chinese community was located in a. Seattle. b. Sacramento. c. San Diego. d. Los Angeles. e. San Francisco.

e. San Francisco.

The term "muckrakers" referred to Select one: a. western progressives. b. Social Darwinists. c. socialists. d. critics of imperialism. e. Social critics and journalists.

e. Social critics and journalists.

The first civilian governor of the Philippines, who gave Filipinos broad local autonomy, was a. Emilio Aguinaldo. b. Arthur MacArthur. c. Elihu Root. d. Theodore Roosevelt. e. William Howard Taft.

e. William Howard Taft.

Edward Bellamy's 1888 book, Looking Backward, a. described an America engaged in a second civil war due to concentrated wealth. b. promoted the virtues of economic competition. c. depicted a world presided over by an industrialist-king modeled on J. P. Morgan. d. accepted the necessity of class divisions in a capitalist economy. e. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

e. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 called for the federal government to a. purchase and coin silver. b. expand the nation's currency supply. c. change the ratio of silver to gold to 20:1. d. abandon the gold standard. e. purchase silver but not coin it.

e. purchase silver but not coin it.