FINALS STUDY GUIDE PHI 2600 5 7 8 QUIZZES

According to the definition given in the lecture, which of the following actions can be described as "cyber-bullying?" Select ALL that apply:

Impersonating another (real) person Saying something untrue about another person. Publishing embarrassing photos of a person without their consent Messaging a crush over and over despite never receiving any responses Sharing someone's personal address without their consent

Some people are skeptical of the notion of anti-white racism. What types of racism, if any, could feasibly affect white people in the US? Select ALL that apply:

Implicit bias racism and overt racism

Andrew Feenberg (99) defends the value of online safe spaces. Which of the following statements most accurately sums up Feenberg's view?

In a safe space, people who suffer from disadvantageous sociological, cognitive, or medical conditions are able to share their experiences and express themselves without fear of harassment or oppresion.

Generally speaking, what is a virtue? It is the courage to do what is right. It is compassion for others. It is the crux of Kant's Categorical Imperative.

It is a prosocial and therefore desirable personality characteristic.

What is "phronesis?" (from the Aristotle reading)

It is the practical wisdom to determine the golden mean in any given scenario.

What does Borgmann (92) mean when he says that hyperreality is "morally inert?" It is morally bad in its current state, but it CAN be improved. It is morally bad in its current state, and CANNOT be improved. It is morally good in its current state. It's not necessarily a morally good or bad thing.

It's not necessarily a morally good or bad thing.

Which of the following is a disadvantage unique to males in the US? Select ALL that apply:

Males are subject to military draft. Men have less reproductive autonomy. Men are more likely to be verbally abused, and less likely to be taken seriously when they report it. Men are convicted more often and serve harsher sentences.

Which of the following is thought to be a major contributing factor to the US governments' consistent mistreatment of Native Americans?

Native Americans' spiritual worldviews are not taken seriously.

With regard to purposes, what do the existentialists claim? Our purposes are artificial but our destinies are derived from nature. We absolutely do not have any cosmic purpose(s). Existentialists were atheists, so they believed that cosmic purposes can only come from nature. Our purposes are artificial insofar as any cosmic purpose is ultimately unknowable.

Our purposes are artificial insofar as any cosmic purpose is ultimately unknowable.

Why do some sociologists believe that social media is partly to blame for the political divisiveness pervading the US, currently?

Social media platforms use algorithms to create an online environment that caters to users' political biases.

Grade school teachers reportedly "expect less" from Hispanic students and thusly do not pay them as much attention during class. As a result, Hispanic students do not receive the same quality of education as their white and Asian classmates. This is an example of:

implicit bias racism.

For Kant, immorality was tantamount to... virtue excess. anti-social personality disorder. virtue deficiency. irrationality

irrationality.

Kant wanted to devise a(n) __________________ moral theory. consequentialist virtuous utilitarian objective

objective

On June 17, 2015, Dylann Roof shot to death several black churchgoers. His intentions to kill were racistly motivated. This is an example of...

overt racism.

Since our _____________ is measured by the extent to which we fulfill our _____________, it is imperative that we develop the appropriate _____________. value theory; cosmic purpose; artificial purposes self-esteem; destinies; virtues virtue; purpose(s); value theory self-esteem; purpose(s); virtues

self-esteem; purpose(s); virtues

Which of the following is NOT one of the medical risks associated with social media use? Sleeping disorders sexual dysfunction Eye strain Postural problems

sexual dysfunction

Categorically, race and gender are most accurately understood as...

social constructs.

Harvard University has certain admissions standards that discriminate on the basis of race. These standards make it more difficult for members of certain disadvantaged minorities to be admitted. This is an example of...

systemic racism.

True or False: Social media "addiction" is neurologically similar to drug and alcohol addiction.

true

According to value theory, what makes a dollar bill valuable? A dollar bill is worthless because the value we ascribe to it is completely superficial and made-up. A dollar bill is valuable only to the extent to which it fulfills its purpose of representing capital. A dollar bill is valuable because it represents a measure of social status. The more dollar bills one has, the more socially powerful one becomes. A dollar bill is only as valuable as the work that went into earning it.

A dollar bill is valuable only to the extent to which it fulfills its purpose of representing capital.

In Kant's "four examples," which of the following assessments did Kant put forth? (from the Kant reading) Select ALL that apply: Borrowing money without any intension of paying it back would fail as a universal moral law. Denying charity to the needy fails the "fourth step" of the Categorical Imperative analysis. Suicide is permissible because one always has the right to do whatever one chooses with one's own life. One is mistaken to believe that suicide is an act of self-love.

Borrowing money without any intension of paying it back would fail as a universal moral law. Denying charity to the needy fails the "fourth step" of the Categorical Imperative analysis. One is mistaken to believe that suicide is an act of self-love.

You are walking home one evening when from across the street you see an elderly woman being mugged by two men. The men are brandishing pistols. Assuming you are unarmed and not trained to fight, what would Aristotle suggest you do in this situation? Do what you feel is right. Trust your emotions. Keep walking. It would be very dangerous (and none of your business) to intervene. Call for help (911) and try to take photos of the incident so that police can identify the criminals. Rush into the fight and try to stop the robbery from happening.

Call for help (911) and try to take photos of the incident so that police can identify the criminals.

According to the US intelligence agency, which of the following statements regarding the 2016 Presidential Election is NOT true:

Donald Trump's campaign colluded with Russian agents.

According to the lecture, which of the following conditions are thought to be caused by continued exposure to the hyperreality of social media? Select ALL that apply:

Facebook depression Reinforced biases Selfie dysmorphia

What do we mean when we say "the locus of causation for gender identity is both internal and external"?

Gender identity is influenced by innate, biological forces as well as environmental, social forces.

The "N-word" article pointed out a double standard committed by the National Footbal League. What was this double standard? The use of the "n-word" is a punishable offense, but there is a team called the "Redskins."

The use of the "n-word" is a punishable offense, but there is a team called the "Redskins."

Why does "corporeal disconnectedness" matter when it comes to social media and cyber-bullying?

There is less risk of physical confrontation involved in social media interactions, which emboldens people to act aggressively.

Choose the most accurate description of the following passage: It is a natural proclivity for human beings to want to help one another out. Therefore, it is our purpose to be compassionate toward one another. This is referring to a virtue purpose. This is referring to an artificial purpose. This is referring to destiny. This is referring to a cosmic purpose.

This is referring to a cosmic purpose.

Suppose a man changes his appearance to look like a female. His new appearance is convincing, and no one suspects that he is actually a biological male. Everyone he comes across treats him as though he were a female. According to Sally Haslanger, is this person a woman?

Yes. Haslanger's definition of womanhood involves the perceptions of others and the assumptions others make with respect to those perceptions.

What is an "attention engineer?" a nickname referring to the founders of the "big four" social media platforms: facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat. a name for people who use social media as a means for gaining attention and adulation. a computer programmer who is writes software designed to help people develop better memory and attention skills. a cognitive scientist who is highly trained in methods of manipulating humans into devoting their attention to a particular stimulus or activity.

a cognitive scientist who is highly trained in methods of manipulating humans into devoting their attention to a particular stimulus or activity.