Finance Ch. 10
A conventional cash flow pattern associated with capital investment projects consists of an initial ________. A) outflow followed by a broken cash series B) inflow followed by a broken series of outlay C) outflow followed by a series of inflows D) outflow followed by a series of outflows
C
In the case of annuity cash inflows, the payback period can be found by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash inflow.
True
Independent projects are those whose cash flows are unrelated to one another; the acceptance of one does not eliminate the others from further consideration.
True
Net present value profiles are most useful when selecting among mutually exclusive projects.
True
On a purely theoretical basis, NPV is a better approach when selecting among two mutually exclusive projects.
True
On a purely theoretical basis, NPV is preferred over IRR because NPV assumes a more conservative reinvestment rate and does not exhibit the mathematical problem of multiple IRRs that often occurs when IRRs are calculated for nonconventional cash flows.
True
On a purely theoretical basis, NPV is the better approach to capital budgeting than IRR because NPV implicitly assumes that any intermediate cash inflows generated by an investment are reinvested at the firm's cost of capital.
True
One weakness of payback period approach is its failure to recognize cash flows that occur after the payback period.
True
Projects having higher cash inflows in the early years tend to be less sensitive to changes in the cost of capital and are therefore often acceptable at higher discount rates compared to projects with higher cash inflows that occur in the later years.
True
Research and development is considered to be a motive for making capital expenditures.
True
The discount rate is the minimum return that must be earned on a project to leave a firm's market value unchanged.
True
The major weakness of payback period in evaluating projects is that it cannot specify the appropriate payback period in light of the wealth maximization goal.
True
The payback period is generally viewed as an unsophisticated capital budgeting technique, because it does not explicitly consider the time value of money by discounting cash flows to find present value.
True
The payback period of a project that costs $1,000 initially and promises after-tax cash inflows of $2,000 each year for the next three years is 0.5 years.
True
The payback period of a project that costs $1,000 initially and promises after-tax cash inflows of $3,000 each year for the next three years is 0.333 years.
True
The ranking approach involves the ranking of capital expenditure projects on the basis of some predetermined measure such as the rate of return.
True
A firm with limited dollars available for capital expenditures is subject to ________. A) capital dependency B) capital gains C) working capital constraints D) capital rationing
D
An annuity is ________. A) a mix of cash flows in conventional and nonconventional B) a stream of perpetual cash flows C) a series of constantly growing cash flows D) a series of equal annual cash flows
D
The ________ is the discount rate that equates the present value of the cash inflows with the initial investment. A) payback period B) net present value C) cost of capital D) internal rate of return
D
A $60,000 outlay for a new machine with a usable life of 15 years is an operating expenditure that would appear as a current asset on a firm's balance sheet.
False
A capital expenditure is an outlay of funds invested only in fixed assets that is expected to produce benefits over a period of time less than one year.
False
A nonconventional cash flow pattern associated with capital investment projects consists of an initial outflow followed by a series of inflows.
False
Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting short-term investments that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owners' wealth.
False
Economic value added is the difference between an investment's net operating profit after taxes and the accounting profit.
False
For a project that has an initial cash outflow followed by cash inflows, the profitability index (PI) is equal to the present value of cash inflows divided by the cost of capital.
False
The accept-reject approach involves the ranking of capital expenditure projects on the basis of some predetermined measure, such as the rate of return.
False
The availability of funds for capital expenditures does not affect a firm's capital budgeting decisions.
False
The capital budgeting process consists of four distinct but interrelated steps: proposal generation, review and analysis, decision making, and termination.
False
A conventional cash flow pattern is one in which an initial outflow is followed only by a series of inflows.
True
A nonconventional cash flow pattern is one in which an initial inflow is followed by a series of inflows and outflows.
True
A project's net present value profile is a graph that plots a project's NPV for various discount rates.
True
One of the primary motives for adding fixed assets to a firm is ________. A) expansion B) replacement C) renewal D) transformation
A
The first step in the capital budgeting process is ________. A) review and analysis B) implementation C) decision making D) proposal generation
D
Which of the following is a strength of payback period? A) a disregard for cash flows after the payback period B) only an implicit consideration of the timing of cash flows C) merely a subjectively determined number D) a measure of risk exposure
D
If a project's IRR is greater than 0 percent, the project should be accepted.
False
The underlying cause of conflicts in ranking for projects by internal rate of return and net present value methods is ________. A) the reinvestment rate assumption regarding intermediate cash flows B) that neither method explicitly considers the time value of money C) the assumption made by the IRR method that cash inflows are spread equally throughout the timeline D) that NPV approach favors small projects with high returns
A
Which capital budgeting method is most useful for evaluating a project that has an initial after-tax cost of $5,000,000 and is expected to provide after-tax operating cash flows of $1,800,000 in year 1, ($2,900,000) in year 2, $2,700,000 in year 3, and $2,300,000 in year 4? A) net present value B) internal rate of return C) payback D) accounting rate of return
A
In comparing the internal rate of return and net present value methods of evaluation, ________. A) internal rate of return is theoretically superior, but financial managers prefer net present value B) net present value is theoretically superior, but financial managers prefer to use internal rate of return C) financial managers prefer net present value, because it is presented as a rate of return D) financial managers prefer net present value, because it measures benefits relative to the amount invested
B
The ________ is the compound annual rate of return that a firm will earn if it invests in the project and receives the given cash inflows. A) risk-free rate B) internal rate of return C) opportunity cost D) cost of capital
B
Unlike the net present value criteria, the internal rate of return approach assumes a reinvestment rate equal to ________. A) the relevant cost of capital B) the project's internal rate of return C) the project's opportunity cost D) the market's interest rate
B
When evaluating projects using NPV approach, ________. A) projects having lower early-year cash flows tend to be preferred at higher discount rates B) projects having higher early-year cash flows tend to be preferred at higher discount rates C) projects having higher early-year cash flows tend to be preferred at lower discount rates D) the discount rate and magnitude of cash flows do not affect the ranking by NPV approach
B
Which of the following is a reason for firms not using the payback method as a guideline in capital investment decisions? A) It gives an explicit consideration to the timing of cash flows. B) It cannot be specified in light of the wealth maximization goal. C) It is a measure of risk exposure and projects the possibility of a calamity. D) It is easy to calculate and has intuitive appeal.
B
Which of the following is a reason that makes NPV a better approach to capital budgeting on a purely theoretical basis? A) It measures the benefits relative to the relative amount invested. B) The reinvestment rate assumed by this method is reasonable. C) Financial decision makers are inclined to higher rates of return. D) Interest rates are expressed as annual rates of return.
B
Which of the following is an advantage of NPV? A) It measures the risk exposure. B) It takes into account the time value of investors' money. C) It is highly sensitive to the discount rates. D) It measures how quickly a firm can breakeven.
B
Which of the following is an unsophisticated capital budgeting technique? A) internal rate of return B) payback period C) profitability index D) net present value
B
________ is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with a firm's goal of maximizing owners' wealth. A) Recapitalizing assets B) Capital budgeting C) Ratio analysis D) Securitization
B
________ projects do not compete with each other; the acceptance of one ________ the others from consideration. A) Capital; eliminates B) Independent; does not eliminate C) Mutually exclusive; eliminates D) Replacement; eliminates
B
Comparing net present value and internal rate of return ________. A) always results in the same ranking of projects B) always results in the same accept-reject decision C) may give different accept-reject decisions D) is only necessary on independent projects
C
Fixed assets that provide the basis for a firm's earning and value are often called ________. A) tangible assets B) noncurrent assets C) earning assets D) book assets
C
The minimum return that must be earned on a project in order to leave the firm's value unchanged is ________. A) the internal rate of return B) the interest rate C) the cost of capital D) the compound rate
C
When the net present value is negative, the internal rate of return is ________ the cost of capital. A) greater than B) greater than or equal to C) less than D) equal to
C
Which of the following is a disadvantage of payback period approach? A) It does not examine the size of the initial outlay. B) It does not use net profits as a measure of return. C) It does not explicitly consider the time value of money. D) It does not take into account an unconventional cash flow pattern.
C
Which of the following is true of the accept-reject approach? A) It involves ranking projects on the basis of some predetermined measure, such as the rate of return. B) It cannot be used when the firm has limited funds. C) It can be used for making capital budgeting decisions when there is capital rationing. D) It can be used only for evaluating mutually exclusive projects.
C
Which of the following statements is true of payback period? A) If the payback period is less than the maximum acceptable payback period, management should be indifferent. B) If the payback period is greater than the maximum acceptable payback period, accept the project. C) If the payback period is less than the maximum acceptable payback period, accept the project. D) If the payback period is greater than the maximum acceptable payback period, management should be indifferent.
C
Which pattern of cash flow stream is the most difficult to use when evaluating projects? A) mixed stream B) conventional flow C) nonconventional flow D) annuity
C
________ projects have the same function; the acceptance of one ________ the others from consideration. A) Capital; eliminates B) Independent; does not eliminate C) Mutually exclusive; eliminates D) Replacement; eliminates
C
Payback is considered an unsophisticated capital budgeting because it ________. A) gives explicit consideration to the timing of cash flows and therefore the time value of money. B) gives explicit consideration to risk exposure due to the use of the cost of capital as a discount rate. C) does not gives explicit consideration on the recovery of initial investment and possibility of a calamity. D) it does not explicitly consider the time value of money.
D
The ________ measures the amount of time it takes a firm to recover its initial investment. A) profitability index B) internal rate of return C) net present value D) payback period
D
Which of the following is true of NPV profile? A) It is used for evaluating and comparing independent projects when conflicting ranking exists. B) It is a graph that illustrates a project's IRR against various values of NPV. C) It shows an inverse relationship between a project's IRR and NPV. D) It charts the net present value of a project as a function of the cost of capital.
D
Which of the following steps in the capital budgeting process follows the decision making step? A) proposal generation B) review and analysis C) transformation D) implementation
D
A project must be rejected if its payback period is less than the maximum acceptable payback period.
False
A project's net present value profile is a graph that plots a project's IRR for various discount rates.
False
An outlay for advertising and management consulting is considered to be a fixed asset expenditure.
False
For conventional projects, both NPV and IRR techniques will always generate the same accept-reject decision.
False
If a project's IRR is greater than the cost of capital, the project should be rejected.
False
If a project's IRR is greater than zero, the project should be accepted.
False
In general, projects with similar-sized investments and lower cash inflows in the early years tend to be preferred at higher discount rates.
False
Net present value profiles are most useful when selecting among independent projects.
False
On a purely theoretical basis, IRR is a better approach when selecting among two mutually exclusive projects.
False
On a purely theoretical basis, IRR is the better approach to capital budgeting than NPV because IRR implicitly assumes that any intermediate cash inflows generated by an investment are reinvested at the firm's cost of capital.
False
The financial decision makers find NPV more intuitive because it measures benefits relative to the amount invested.
False
The internal rate of return (IRR) is defined as the discount rate that equates the net present value with the initial investment associated with a project.
False
The internal rate of return assumes that a project's intermediate cash inflows are reinvested at a rate equal to the firm's cost of capital.
False
The net present value is found by subtracting a project's initial investment from the present value of its cash inflows discounted at a rate equal to the project's internal rate of return.
False
The payback period is the amount of time required for a firm to dispose a replaced asset.
False
Although differences in the magnitude and timing of cash flows explain conflicting rankings under the NPV and IRR techniques, the underlying cause is the implicit assumption concerning the reinvestment of intermediate cash inflows.
True
Certain mathematical properties may cause a project with a nonconventional cash flow pattern to have multiple IRRs; this problem does not occur with the NPV approach.
True
Conflicting rankings in the case of mutually exclusive projects using NPV and IRR often result from differences in the magnitude and/or timing of cash flows.
True
If a firm is subject to capital rationing, it has only a fixed number of dollars available for capital expenditures and numerous projects compete for these dollars.
True
In general, the greater the difference between the magnitude and/or timing of cash inflows, the greater the likelihood of conflicting ranking between NPV and IRR.
True
Net present value (NPV) assumes that intermediate cash inflows are reinvested at the cost of capital, whereas internal rate of return (IRR) assumes that intermediate cash inflows can be reinvested at a rate equal to the project's IRR.
True
The IRR method assumes the cash flows are reinvested at the internal rate of return rather than the required rate of return.
True
The appeal of the IRR technique is due to the general disposition of business people to think in terms of rates of return rather than actual dollar returns.
True
A sophisticated capital budgeting technique that can be computed by solving for the discount rate that equates the present value of a project's inflows to the present value of its outflows is called internal rate of return.
True
A sophisticated capital budgeting technique that can be computed by subtracting a project's initial investment from the present value of its cash inflows discounted at a rate equal to a firm's cost of capital is called net present value.
True
An internal rate of return greater than the cost of capital guarantees that the firm will earn at least its required return.
True
Capital budgeting techniques are used to evaluate a firm's fixed asset investments which provide the basis for the firm's earning power and value.
True
Capital expenditure proposals are reviewed to assess their appropriateness in light of a firm's overall objectives and plans, and to evaluate their economic validity.
True
If a firm has unlimited funds to invest in capital assets, all independent projects that meet its minimum investment criteria should be implemented.
True
If a firm has unlimited funds, it is able to accept all independent projects that provide an acceptable return.
True
If a project's payback period is greater than the maximum acceptable payback period, we would reject it.
True
If a project's payback period is less than the maximum acceptable payback period, we would accept it.
True
If net present value of a project is greater than zero, the firm will earn a return greater than its cost of capital. The acceptance of such a project would enhance the wealth of the firm's owners.
True
If the NPV is greater than $0, a project should be accepted.
True
In capital budgeting, the preferred approaches in assessing whether a project is acceptable are those that integrate time value procedures, risk and return considerations, and valuation concepts.
True
Large firms evaluate the merits of individual capital budgeting projects to ensure that the selected projects have the best chance of increasing the firm value.
True
Mutually exclusive projects are those whose cash flows compete with one another; the acceptance of one eliminates the others from further consideration.
True
Net present value is considered a sophisticated capital budgeting technique since it gives explicit consideration to the time value of money.
True
Since the payback period can be viewed as a measure of risk exposure, many firms use it as a supplement to other decision techniques.
True
The IRR is the compounded annual rate of return that a firm will earn if it invests in a project and receives the estimated cash inflows.
True
The IRR is the discount rate that equates the NPV of an investment opportunity with $0.
True
The basic motives for capital expenditures are to expand operations, to replace or renew fixed assets, or to obtain some other, less tangible benefit over a long period.
True
The capital budgeting process consists of five distinct but interrelated steps: proposal generation, review and analysis, decision making, implementation, and follow-up.
True
The payback period of a project that costs $1,000 initially and promises after-tax cash inflows of $300 for the next three years is 3.33 years.
True
The purchase of additional physical facilities, such as additional property or a new factory, is an example of a capital expenditure.
True
A $60,000 outlay for a new machine with a usable life of 15 years is called ________. A) capital expenditure B) financing expenditure C) replacement expenditure D) operating expenditure
A
A firm can accept a project with a net present value of zero because ________. A) the project would maintain the wealth of the firm's owners B) the project would enhance the wealth of the firm's owners C) the project would maintain the earnings of the firm D) the project would enhance the earnings of the firm
A
A nonconventional cash flow pattern associated with capital investment projects consists of an initial ________. A) outflow followed by a series of both cash inflows and outflows B) inflow followed by a series of both cash inflows and outflows C) outflow followed by a series of inflows D) inflow followed by a series of outflows
A
Should Tangshan Mining company accept a new project if its maximum payback is 3.5 years and its initial after-tax cost is $5,000,000 and it is expected to provide after-tax operating cash inflows of $1,800,000 in year 1, $1,900,000 in year 2, $700,000 in year 3, and $1,800,000 in year 4? A) Yes, since the payback period of the project is less than the maximum acceptable payback period. B) No, since the payback period of the project is more than the maximum acceptable payback period. C) Yes, since the risk exposure of the project is less than the maximum acceptable risk exposure. D) No, since the risk exposure of the project is more than the maximum acceptable risk exposure.
A
The basic motive for capital expenditure is to ________. A) expand operations B) replace current assets C) renew current assets D) improve leverage
A
Which of the following capital budgeting techniques ignores the time value of money? A) payback period approach B) net present value C) internal rate of return D) profitability index
A
Projects that compete with one another, so that the acceptance of one eliminates the others from further consideration are called ________. A) independent projects B) mutually exclusive projects C) replacement projects D) capital projects
B
Should Tangshan Mining company accept a new project if its maximum payback is 3.25 years and its initial after-tax cost is $5,000,000 and it is expected to provide after-tax operating cash inflows of $1,800,000 in year 1, $1,900,000 in year 2, $700,000 in year 3, and $1,800,000 in year 4? A) Yes, since the payback period of the project is less than the maximum acceptable payback period. B) No, since the payback period of the project is more than the maximum acceptable payback period. C) Yes, since the risk exposure of the project is less than the maximum acceptable risk exposure. D) No, since the risk exposure of the project is more than the maximum acceptable risk exposure.
B
Some firms use the payback period as a decision criterion or as a supplement to sophisticated decision techniques, because ________. A) it explicitly considers the time value of money B) it can be viewed as a measure of risk exposure due to its focus on liquidity C) the determination of the required payback period is an objectively determined criteria D) it considers the timing of cash flows and therefore the time value of money
B
The final step in the capital budgeting process is ________. A) implementation B) follow-up C) review and analysis D) decision making
B
Which of the following is true of a capital expenditure? A) It is an outlay made to replace current assets. B) It is an outlay expected to produce benefits within one year. C) It is commonly used for current asset expansion. D) It is commonly used to expand the level of operations.
D
A sophisticated capital budgeting technique that can be computed by solving for the discount rate that equates the present value of a project's inflows to the present value of its outflows is called net present value.
False
A sophisticated capital budgeting technique that can be computed by subtracting a project's initial investment from the present value of its cash inflows discounted at a rate equal to a firm's cost of capital is called profitability index.
False
By measuring how quickly a firm recovers its initial investment, the payback period gives implicit consideration to the time value of money and ignores the timing of cash flows.
False
For calculating payback period for an annuity, all cash flows must be adjusted for time value of money.
False
If a firm has limited funds to invest, all the mutually exclusive projects that meet its minimum investment criteria should be implemented.
False
If a firm is subject to capital rationing, it is able to accept all independent projects that provide an acceptable return.
False
If a project's payback period is greater than the maximum acceptable payback period, we would accept it.
False
If the NPV is greater than the initial investment, a project should be rejected.
False
If the NPV is less than the initial investment, a project should be rejected.
False
In capital budgeting, the preferred approaches in assessing whether a project is acceptable are those that integrate time value of money, risk and return considerations, and valuation concepts to select capital expenditures that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owners' wealth.
False
Independent projects are projects that compete with one another for a firm's resources, so that the acceptance of one eliminates the others from further consideration.
False
Independent projects are those whose cash flows compete with one another and therefore more than one project needs to be accepted in order to implement the capital budgeting decision.
False
Mutually exclusive projects are projects whose cash flows are unrelated to one another; the acceptance of one does not eliminate the others from further consideration.
False
Mutually exclusive projects are those whose cash flows are constant over a specified period of time and more than one project needs to be accepted in order to implement capital budgeting decisions.
False
One strength of payback period is that it fully accounts for the time value of money.
False
The NPV of a project is the difference between an investment's net operating profit after taxes and the cost of funds used to finance the investment, which is found by multiplying the dollar amount of the funds used to finance the investment by the firm's weighted average cost of capital.
False
The payback period of a project that costs $1,000 initially and promises after-tax cash inflows of $300 each year for the next three years is 0.333 years.
False
The primary motive for capital expenditures is to refurbish fixed assets.
False
Time value of money should be ignored in capital budgeting techniques to make accurate decisions.
False
