Finance - Chapter 7

________ is the actual amount each common stockholder would expect to receive if a firm's assets are sold for their market value, creditors and preferred stockholders are repaid, and any remaining money is divided among the common stockholders. A) Liquidation value B) Book value C) The P/E multiple D) The present value of the dividends

A) Liquidation value

Which of the following is true of preferred stocks? A) Preferred stock with a conversion feature allows holders to change each share into a stated number of shares of common stock. B) Like bonds, preferred stocks are due for payment on a fixed maturity date along with interest. C) Restrictive covenants of preferred stocks include provisions about listing of stocks on the securities exchange and determining the price of stock. D) A firm's bond indenture indicates how many authorized preferred shares and bonds it can issue.

A) Preferred stock with a conversion feature allows holders to change each share into a stated number of shares of common stock.

________ are promised a fixed periodic dividend that must be paid prior to paying any common stock dividends. A) Preferred stockholders B) Common stockholders C) Bondholders D) Creditors

A) Preferred stockholders

________ are financial instruments that allow stockholders to purchase additional shares at a price below the market price, in direct proportion to their number of owned shares. A) Rights offering B) Treasury stocks C) Preemptive rights D) Proxy statements

A) Rights offering

Which of the following is true of common stocks? A) The common stock of a corporation can be either privately or publicly owned. B) Firms often issue common stock with no par value. C) Preemptive rights often result in a dilution of ownership. D) A firm's corporate charter indicates the rate at which dividends are paid.

A) The common stock of a corporation can be either privately or publicly owned.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of issuing preferred stock from the common stockholders' perspective? A) There is a seniority of preferred stockholder's claim over common stockholders. B) The preferred stockholders have superior voting rights in the selection of board of directors. C) The preferred stockholders are always paid a higher proportion of dividend payments. D) Issuance of preferred stocks will result in a higher risk, to the disadvantage of common stockholders.

A) There is a seniority of preferred stockholder's claim over common stockholders.

Which of the following is typically a feature of preferred stocks? A) They are settled prior to common stocks during liquidation. B) They are mostly noncumulative in nature. C) They are paid dividends that grow at a constant rate. D) They carry voting rights and have maturity date.

A) They are settled prior to common stocks during liquidation.

If the expected return is above the required return on an asset, rational investors will ________. A) buy the asset, which will drive the price up and cause expected return to reach the level of the required return B) buy the asset, which will drive the price down and cause the expected return to reach the level of the required return C) sell the asset, which will drive the price up and cause the expected return to reach the level of the required return D) sell the asset, since price is expected to decrease

A) buy the asset, which will drive the price up and cause expected return to reach the level of the required return

Dividends in arrears that must be paid to the preferred stockholders before payment of dividends to common stockholders are ________. A) cumulative B) nonparticipating C) participating D) convertible

A) cumulative

Holders of equity capital ________. A) own the firm B) receive interest payments C) receive guaranteed income D) have loaned money to the firm

A) own the firm

ADRs are ________. A) securities, backed by American depositary shares (ADSs), that permit U.S. investors to hold shares of non-U.S. companies and trade them in U.S. markets B) securities, backed by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), that permit all investors to hold shares of U.S. companies and trade them in U.S. markets C) securities, backed by American depositary shares (ADSs), that permit non-U.S. investors to hold shares of U.S. companies and trade them in U.S. markets D) securities, backed by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), that permit U.S. investors to hold shares of non-U.S. companies and trade them in international markets.

A) securities, backed by American depositary shares (ADSs), that permit U.S. investors to hold shares of non-U.S. companies and trade them in U.S. markets

Stock rights provide the stockholder with ________. A) the right to purchase additional shares in direct proportion to their number of owned shares B) the right to elect the board of directors C) cumulative voting privileges over the preference stockholders D) the opportunity to receive extraordinary earnings

A) the right to purchase additional shares in direct proportion to their number of owned shares

A group formed by an investment banker to share the financial risk associated with underwriting new securities is called a(n) ________. A) underwriting syndicate B) selling group C) investment banking consortium D) broker pool

A) underwriting syndicate

Which of the following is true of outstanding shares? A) A firm cannot sell more shares than the outstanding shares mentioned in the charter. B) Authorized shares become outstanding shares when they are issued or sold to investors. C) Outstanding shares are indicated in a firm's corporate charter. D) Outstanding shares are the shares repurchased by the firm.

B) Authorized shares become outstanding shares when they are issued or sold to investors.

Which of the following is a difference between common stock and bonds? A) Bondholders have a voice in management; common stockholders do not. B) Bondholders have a senior claim on assets and income relative to stockholders. C) Stocks have a stated maturity but bonds do not. D) Dividend paid to stockholders is tax-deductible but interest paid to bondholders are not.

B) Bondholders have a senior claim on assets and income relative to stockholders.

________ is the value of a firm's ownership in the event that all assets are sold for their exact accounting value and the proceeds remaining after paying all liabilities (including preferred stock) are divided among common stockholders. A) Liquidation value B) Book value C) The P/E multiple D) The present value of the common stock

B) Book value

Which of the following is true of equity? A) equityholders do not have voting rights. B) It does not mature, so repayment is not required. C) It is a temporary form of financing for a firm. D) Equity financing is obtained from creditors.

B) It does not mature, so repayment is not required.

Which of the following is true of the issuance of nonvoting common stock? A) It is issued in the event of a hostile takeover to preserve the interests of existing owners. B) It helps the corporation to raise capital through the sale of common stock, without giving up its voting control. C) It helps the existing stockholders to automatically transfer their voting rights to new stockholders without any legal proceeding. D) It tends to result in the dilution of voting rights of current stockholders.

B) It helps the corporation to raise capital through the sale of common stock, without giving up its voting control.

Which of the following is true of par value of a common stock? A) It is determined on the basis of the stock's market value. B) It is an arbitrary value established for legal purposes in a firm's corporate charter. C) It indicates the market value at which the stock was originally sold. D) It allows stockholders to purchase additional shares at a price below the market price.

B) It is an arbitrary value established for legal purposes in a firm's corporate charter.

Which of the following is an attribute of investment bankers? A) They make long-term investments for banking institutions. B) They bear the risk of selling a security issue. C) They act as middlemen between the issuer and the banker. D) They provide the issuer with advice relating to the amounts of dividend to be paid.

B) They bear the risk of selling a security issue.

Which of the following is a marketable security? A) mutual funds B) Treasury bill C) provident fund D) forward contracts

B) Treasury bill

Because equityholders are the last to receive any distribution of assets as a result of bankruptcy proceedings, they expect ________. A) fixed dividend payments B) greater returns from their investment in the firm's stock C) all profits to be paid out in dividends D) warrants to be attached to the stock issue

B) greater returns from their investment in the firm's stock

If expected return is less than required return on an asset, rational investors will ________. A) buy the asset, which will drive the price up and cause expected return to reach the level of the required return B) sell the asset, which will drive the price down and cause the expected return to reach the level of the required return C) sell the asset, which will drive the price up and cause the expected return to reach the level of the required return D) buy the asset, since price is expected to increase

B) sell the asset, which will drive the price down and cause the expected return to reach the level of the required return

A proxy statement gives shareholders the right ________. A) of one vote for each share owned B) to give up their vote to another party C) to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new common stock is issued D) to sell their share of stock at a premium

B) to give up their vote to another party

Which of the following is true of common stock ? A) It is often considered quasi-debt due to fixed payment obligation. B) It has less restrictive covenants than debt. C) It gives the holder voting rights which permit selection of the firm's directors. D) Its holders have priority over preferred stockholders in the event of liquidation of assets.

C) It gives the holder voting rights which permit selection of the firm's directors.

The use of the ________ is especially helpful in valuing firms that are not publicly traded. A) liquidation value B) book value C) P/E multiple D) present value of the dividends

C) P/E multiple

Which of the following valuation methods is superior to others in the list since it considers expected earnings? A) liquidation value B) book value C) P/E multiple D) present value of the interest

C) P/E multiple

________ is a guide to a firm's value if it is assumed that investors value the earnings of a given firm in the same way they do the average firm in the industry. A) Liquidation value B) Book value C) The P/E multiple D) The present value of the dividends

C) The P/E multiple

Rational buyers and sellers use their assessment of an asset's risk and return to determine its value. Relative to this concept, which of the following is true? A) To a buyer the asset's value represents the minimum price that he or she would pay to acquire it. B) To a seller the asset's value represents the maximum sale price. C) To a buyer the asset's value represents the maximum price that he or she would pay to acquire it. D) To a seller the asset's value represents the price at which he acquired the asset.

C) To a buyer the asset's value represents the maximum price that he or she would pay to acquire it.

Common stockholders expect to earn a return by receiving ________. A) semiannual interest B) fixed periodic payments C) dividends D) annual interest

C) dividends

According to the efficient market hypothesis, prices of actively traded stocks ________. A) can be under- or over-valued in an efficient market B) can only be under-valued in an efficient market C) do not differ from their true values in an efficient market D) can only be over-valued in an efficient market

C) do not differ from their true values in an efficient market

Preferred stockholders ________. A) do not have preference over common stockholders in the case of liquidation B) have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation C) do not have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation D) have preference over creditors in the case of liquidation

C) do not have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation

A violation of preferred stock restrictive covenants usually permits preferred shareholders to ________. A) force the company into bankruptcy B) suit against the shareholders C) force the retirement of the preferred stock at or above its par value D) force the company to repurchase the shares at a stated amount below par

C) force the retirement of the preferred stock at or above its par value

The cost of preferred stock is ________. A) lower than the cost of long-term debt. B) higher than the cost of common stock. C) higher than the cost of long-term debt and lower than the cost of common stock. D) lower than the cost of convertible long-term debt and higher than the cost of common stock.

C) higher than the cost of long-term debt and lower than the cost of common stock.

Which of the following is an advantage for a firm to issue common stock over long-term debt? A) the cost of equity financing being less than the cost of debt financing B) the primary claim of equityholders on income and assets in the event of liquidation C) no maturity date on which the par value of the issue must be repaid D) the tax deductibility of dividends which lowers the cost of equity financing

C) no maturity date on which the par value of the issue must be repaid

Shares of stock currently owned by a firm's shareholders are called ________. A) authorized shares B) issued shares C) outstanding shares D) treasury shares

C) outstanding shares

Preferred stock is valued as if it were a ________. A) fixed-income obligation B) bond C) perpetuity D) common stock

C) perpetuity

The attempt by a nonmanagement group to gain control of the management of a firm by soliciting a sufficient number of proxy votes is called a ________. A) hostile takeover B) bankruptcy proceeding C) proxy battle D) management buyout

C) proxy battle

Preferred stock is characterized by ________. A) voting rights B) maturity date C) quasi-debt nature D) preemptive rights

C) quasi-debt nature

The purpose of nonvoting common stock is to ________. A) limit the voting power of the management B) allow the minority interest to elect one director C) raise capital without giving up any voting control D) give preference on distribution of earnings to those shareholders who own the stock

C) raise capital without giving up any voting control

Treasury stock refers to the ________. A) sale of stock at a price greater than the par value B) stock issued by the US government C) repurchase of outstanding stock D) authorization of additional shares of stock by the board of directors

C) repurchase of outstanding stock

Which of the following is usually a right of a preferred stockholder? A) right to convert shares to common stock on demand B) preemptive right to participate in the issuance of new common shares C) right to receive dividend payments before any dividends are paid to common stockholders D) right to sue company in bankruptcy proceedings if promised preferred dividends are not paid

C) right to receive dividend payments before any dividends are paid to common stockholders

In a ________, new shares are sold to the existing shareholders. A) private placement B) public offering C) rights offering D) direct placement

C) rights offering

Equity capital can be raised through ________. A) the money market B) the NYSE bond market C) the stock market D) a private placement with an insurance company

C) the stock market

A proxy statement is a statement transferring ________. A) the ownership of a bondholder to another party B) the votes of a bondholder to the another party C) the votes of a stockholder to another party D) the ownership of a stockholder to another party

C) the votes of a stockholder to another party

The preemptive right gives shareholders the right ________. A) to caste one vote for each share owned at the annual meeting of the company B) to give up their vote to another party if they do not attend the annual meeting C) to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new common stock is issued D) to sell their share of stock at a premium in the event of liquidation

C) to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new common stock is issued

Which of the following is typically a feature of common stock? A) Most common stocks are callable. B) Most common stocks are cumulative. C) Common stocks have a maturity value. D) Common stocks may or may not pay dividends.

D) Common stocks may or may not pay dividends.

Which of the following is true of efficient-market hypothesis? A) Securities are typically in disequilibrium, meaning they are fairly priced and their expected returns are more than their required returns. B) Insider trading scandals have proven that stocks are not fully and fairly priced; as a result, it would be worthwhile for investors should spend time searching for mispriced (over- or under-valued) stocks. C) At any point in time, security prices fully reflect all internal information available about the firm and its securities, and these prices are insensitive to new information. D) Since stocks are fully and fairly priced, it follows that investors should not waste their time trying to find and capitalize on miss-priced (undervalued or overvalued) securities.

D) Since stocks are fully and fairly priced, it follows that investors should not waste their time trying to find and capitalize on miss-priced (undervalued or overvalued) securities.

Which of the following is true of a common stock? A) It gives voting rights which permit determination of the amount of dividend receivable. B) It gives claims on income and assets which are superior to the claims of creditors of the firm. C) Dividends on common stock are fully tax-deductible. D) There is no fixed dividend payment obligation for the company.

D) There is no fixed dividend payment obligation for the company.

Which of the following is true of securities analysts? A) They raise initial external equity finance privately for firms. B) They are primarily involved in underwriting of securities. C) They find prospective buyers for new stocks or bonds issue. D) They use a variety of models and techniques to value stocks.

D) They use a variety of models and techniques to value stocks.

Regarding the tax treatment of payments to securities holders, it is true that ________. A) interest and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible ,while common stock dividends are tax deductible B) interest and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible, while common stock dividends are not tax-deductible C) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible, while interest is not tax-deductible D) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible, while interest is tax-deductible

D) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible, while interest is tax-deductible

A(n)________ is hired by a firm to find prospective buyers for its new stock or bond issue. A) securities analyst B) trust officer C) commercial loan officer D) investment banker

D) investment banker

If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding, it means that ________. A) each class receives a different dividend B) the par value of each class is different C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation D) one of the classes is probably nonvoting stock

D) one of the classes is probably nonvoting stock

In the Gordon model, the value of a common stock is the ________. A) net value of all assets which are liquidated for their exact accounting value B) actual amount each common stockholder would expect to receive if the firm's assets are sold C) present value of a non-growing dividend stream D) present value of a constant growing dividend stream

D) present value of a constant growing dividend stream

Common stockholders are sometimes referred to as ________. A) non preemptive right holders B) managers C) creditors D) residual owners

D) residual owners

If bankruptcy were to occur, ________ would have the first claim on assets. A) preferred stockholders B) unsecured creditors C) equity stockholders D) secured creditors

D) secured creditors

From a corporation's point of view, a disadvantage of issuing preferred stock is ________. A) that it increases financial leverage B) that it has to give fixed payments as well as voting rights to the holders C) its excellent merger security D) that the dividends are not tax-deductible

D) that the dividends are not tax-deductible

Which of the following typically applies to common stock but not to preferred stock? A) par value B) dividend yield C) legally considered as equity in the firm D) voting rights

D) voting rights

A call feature is a feature that allows preferred stockholders to change each share into a stated number of shares of common stock.

False

A preferred stockholder is sometimes referred to as a residual owner, since in essence he or she receives what is left—the residual—after all other claims on the firm's income and assets have been satisfied.

False

A prospectus is another term for a firm's annual report showing the firm's prospects for the coming year.

False

American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are claims issued by U.S. banks representing ownership of shares of a foreign company's stock held on deposit by the U.S. bank in the foreign market and issued in dollars to U.S. investors.

False

An action on the part of a firm that increases the level of expected cash flows without a corresponding increase in risk should reduce share value; an action that reduces the level of expected cash flows without a corresponding decline in risk should increase share value.

False

An underwritten issue of common stock is one in which a firm purchases insurance to cover unexpected losses suffered by shareholders.

False

Assuming that economic conditions remain stable, any management action that would cause current and prospective stockholders to raise their dividend expectations should decrease a firm's value.

False

Corporate venture capital funds are subsidiaries of financial institutions, particularly banks, set up to help young firms grow and, it is hoped, become major customers of the institutions.

False

Dilution of ownership occurs when a new stock issue results in each present stockholder having a larger number of shares and, thus, a claim to a larger part of the firm's earnings than previously.

False

Dividends paid to stockholders is tax deductible

False

If the risk-free rate decreases due to a shift in government policy, the required return goes up.

False

In an inefficient market, securities are typically in equilibrium, which means that they are fairly priced and that their expected returns equal their required returns.

False

In an inefficient market, stock prices adjust quickly to new public information.

False

In the case of liquidation, common stockholders are paid first, followed by preferred stockholders, followed by bondholders.

False

No-par preferred stock has no stated face value, but its annual dividend is stated as a percentage of the market value.

False

Preferred stock is a special form of stock having a fixed periodic dividend that must be paid prior to payment of any interest to outstanding bonds.

False

Preferred stockholders are often referred to as residual claimants.

False

Supervoting shares of common stock provide shareholders with ten times the voting power of ordinary shares of common stock.

False

The amount of the claim of preferred stockholders in liquidation is normally equal to the market value of the preferred stock.

False

The claims of the equityholders on a firm's assets have priority over the claims of creditors because the equityholders are the owners of the firm.

False

The constant growth model is an approach to dividend valuation that assumes a constant future dividend.

False

The free cash flow valuation model is based on the same principle as the P/E valuation approach; that is, the value of a share of stock is the present value of future cash flows.

False

The liquidation value per share of common stock is the amount per share of common stock that would be received if all of a firm's assets were sold for their accounting value and the proceeds remaining were divided among common stockholders.

False

The market value of common stock is related to its par value because both are sensitive to the reactions of investors to new information.

False

The par value on a common stock is used as a basis for determining its fixed dividend.

False

To a buyer, an asset's value represents the minimum price that he or she would pay to acquire it.

False

Treasury stock is generally reclassified as class B common stock and has voting rights.

False

Treasury stocks held within the corporation do not have voting rights but have a claim on assets in liquidation.

False

Under the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, currently dividends are subject to a maximum tax rate of 8 percent.

False

Unlike equityholders, creditors are owners of the firm.

False

Venture capitalists invest in promising early-stage companies in exchange for a portion of the firm's equity.

False

A common stockholder has no guarantee of receiving any cash inflows, but receives what is left after all other claims on the firm's income and assets have been satisfied.

True

A prospectus is a portion of the security registration statement that describes the key aspects of the issue, the issuer, and its management and financial position.

True

Although preferred stock provides added financial leverage in much the same way as bonds, it differs from bonds in that the issuer can pass a dividend payment without suffering the consequences that result when an interest payment is missed on a bond.

True

Angel capitalists or angels are wealthy individual investors who do not operate as a business but invest in early-stage companies in exchange for a portion of equity.

True

Any action taken by a financial manager that increases risk will also increase the required return.

True

Because preferred stock is a form of ownership and has no maturity date, its claims on income and assets are secondary to those of the firm's creditors.

True

Behavioral finance is a growing body of research that focuses on investor behavior and its impact on investment decisions and stock prices.

True

Common stock can be either privately owned by private investors or publicly owned by public investors.

True

Common stockholders are often referred to as residual claimants.

True

Cumulative preferred stocks are preferred stocks for which all passed (unpaid) dividends in arrears must be paid along with the current dividend prior to the payment of dividends to common stockholders.

True

Efficient-market hypothesis is the theory describing the behavior of an assumed "perfect" market in which securities are typically in equilibrium, security prices fully reflect all public information available and react swiftly to new information, and, because stocks are fairly priced, investors need not waste time looking for mispriced securities.

True

Firms occasionally repurchase stock in order to alter capital structure or to increase the returns to the owners.

True

Holders of equity have claims on both income and assets that are secondary to the claims of creditors.

True

If a market is truly efficient, investors should not waste their time trying to find and capitalize on mispriced securities.

True

If the expected return is less than the required return, investors will sell the asset, because it is not expected to earn a return commensurate with its risk.

True

If the expected return were above the required return, investors would buy an asset, driving its price up and its expected return down.

True

In an efficient market, securities are typically in equilibrium, which means that they are fairly priced and that their expected returns equal their required returns.

True

In an efficient market, stock prices adjust quickly to new public information.

True

In an efficient market, the expected return and the required return are equal.

True

In the case of liquidation, bondholders are paid first, followed by preferred stockholders, followed by common stockholders.

True

In valuation of common stock, the price/earnings multiple approach is considered superior to the use of book or liquidation values since it considers expected earnings.

True

Interest paid to bondholders is tax deductible.

True

Investors purchase a stock when they believe that it is undervalued and sell when they feel that it is overvalued.

True

Preemptive rights allow common stockholders to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new issues are made.

True

Preemptive rights allow existing shareholders to maintain voting control and protect themselves against the dilution of their ownership.

True

Preferred stock has characteristics of debt since it provides a fixed periodic cash payment.

True

Small business investment companies (SBICs) are corporations chartered by the federal government that can borrow at attractive rates from the U.S. Treasury and use the funds to make venture capital investments in private companies.

True

Stock rights allow stockholders to purchase additional shares of stock in direct proportion to the number of shares they own.

True

The book value per share of common stock is the amount per share of common stock that would be received if all of a firm's assets were sold for their accounting value and the proceeds remaining were divided among common stockholders.

True

The common stock book value model ignores a firm's expected earnings potential and generally lacks any true relationship to the firm's value in the marketplace.

True

The constant growth model is an approach to dividend valuation that assumes that dividends grow at a constant rate indefinitely.

True

The free cash flow valuation model can be used to determine the value of an entire company as the present value of its expected free cash flows discounted at the firm's weighted average cost of capital.

True

The free cash flow valuation model is based on the same principle as dividend valuation models; that is, the value of a share of stock is the present value of future cash flows.

True

The market value of common stock is completely unrelated to its par value.

True

The number of authorized shares of common stock is always greater than or equal to the number of outstanding shares of common stock.

True

The required return can be affected by changes in the risk free rate, even if the risk premium remains constant.

True

The tax deductibility of interest lowers the cost of debt financing, thereby causing the cost of debt financing to be lower than the cost of equity financing.

True

Treasury stock generally does not have voting rights, does not earn dividends, and does not have a claim on assets in liquidation.

True

Unlike creditors, equityholders are owners of the firm.

True