First Aid/CPR Final Exam

Situations in which a person exhibits abnormal behavior that is unacceptable or cannot be tolerated by the victims themselves, or by family, friends, or the community is known as:

Behavioral Emergency

A stroke is also known as:

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

What mnemonic can be used to identify signs and symptoms of a bone injury?

DOTS

What is the mnemonic to identify high-risk characteristics of suicide?

SAD PERSONS scale

A hip is usually fractured by:

a fall

Anaphylactic reactions generally happen within ________ after the sting.

a few minutes to 1 hour

A lump-like deformity on the back of the wrist, along with pain, tenderness, and swelling can indicate:

a fractured wrist

Fractures of the humerus should be stabilized using:

a rigid splint

The most frequent cause of injury from lightning strike is from:

a splash

A device used to stabilize a fracture or a dislocation is called:

a splint

Which climate condition can be more stressful?

a very humid but mildly warm day

The water temperature used for rewarming a frostbitten part should be:

100-104 degrees F

Air temperature drops 3.6 degrees F for every _________ feet above the original measurement site.

1000

A body temperature of _______ degrees F can be fatal.

109

The highest recorded body temperature of someone that lived and recovered was _______ degrees F.

115.7

The third stage of labor lasts about ______ minutes or more.

15

Contractions less than ____ minutes apart and 45 to 60 seconds long, especially in a woman who has had more than one pregnancy, signal imminent delivery.

2

Type ______ diabetes are not dependent upon external insulin to allow sugar to pass from the blood into the cells.

2

If a hurricane watch is issued, you usually have ________ hours before the hurricane hits land.

24 to 36

During a breech presentation, the first aider should act to prevent suffocation of the baby if the head is not delivered within ____ minutes of the body.

3

How many bones make up each finger?

3

Most adults require about _______ quarts of water a day.

3

Transport a victim of heat exhaustion to a medical facility if no improvements is seen within:

30 minutes

Freezing cold injuries occur when air temperature is below freezing at _______ degrees F.

32

Nonfreezing cold injuries occur in cold and wet conditions with air temperatures between ________ degrees F.

32 and 55

A baby born before _______ weeks of pregnancy is considered premature.

37

If in a remote location, and after cord pulsations have stopped, tie the cord about _______ widths away from the baby and a second tie 2 inches further away from the first in order to cut the cord.

4 inches

Contractions more than ____ minute(s) apart are a good indication that there will be enough time to get the mother to a hospital.

5

You are getting enough water if you are producing clear urine at least _______ times a day.

5

Water makes up about ________ percent of an adult's body weight.

50 to 60

The lowest recorded body temperature with a full recovery was _____ degrees F.

56.6

The U.S. Coast Guard defines cold water as water with a temperature less than ________.

70 degrees F

A hurricane is a tropical storm with wind that reaches a sustained speed of at least ______ miles per hour.

74

For every suicide that occurs, there are ________ attempts.

8

Most people will die if the body temperature falls below _____ degrees F.

80

Victims of severe hypothermia have a core body temperature below:

90 degrees F

Internal vaginal bleeding caused by trauma should be treated by:

all of the above

Proper first aid for a heart attack includes:

all of the above

Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation include which of the following?

all of the above

Suicide in the United States is increasingly a problem in which age groups:

all of the above

Suicide is most common in men who are:

all of the above

The chest discomfort from a heart attack may also be accompanied by:

all of the above

The term child abuse encompasses which of the following?

all of the above

To clear a spinal injury, what criteria does a reliable person have to meet?

all of the above

To preserve legal evidence, the rape victim should not:

all of the above

To treat itching resulting from poisonous plant dermatitis, the victim can do which of the following:

all of the above

What are some common reasons for behavior changes?

all of the above

What are typical reactions to emotional injury?

all of the above

What care should be given to a woman with vaginal bleeding late in her pregnancy?

all of the above

What is the purpose of splinting a fracture?

all of the above

What should be done if a stinger is found?

all of the above

When should you seek medical attention for diarrhea?

all of the above

When would you be alerted to the possibility of child abuse?

all of the above

Which groups are at highest risk of heat illness?

all of the above

Which injury would require medical attention?

all of the above

Which of the following are appropriate first aid measures for a coral snakebite?

all of the above

Which of the following are clues that indicate a hazardous material spill?

all of the above

Which of the following are signs of a broke tibia or fibula?

all of the above

Which of the following can signal that delivery is imminent?

all of the above

Which of the following describes signs and symptoms of a fractured hip?

all of the above

Which of the following is correct regarding action to take if you experience a tornado?

all of the above

Which of the following is true concerning tarantula bites?

all of the above

Which of the following joints cannot not be safely reduced in a wilderness setting?

all of the above

Which of the following statements concerning depression is accurate?

all of the above

Which of the following statements concerning suicide are correct?

all of the above

Which questions should be asked of a woman in labor to determine whether there is time to transport her to a hospital?

all of the above

Which symptom commonly accompanies a pelvis injury?

all of the above

Wilderness first aid pertains to which of the following?

all of the above

You should physically fight back if attacked by which animal?

all of the above

High-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema are examples of:

altitude illnesses

The most important point to remember when faced with a aggressive, hostile, or violent behavior is to:

always size up the situation before you do anything

When applying compression to an injured ankle, the first aider should use:

an elastic bandage

Which of the following substances account for the largest category of poisoning exposures?

analgesics

Chest pain that happens when the heart muscle does not get as much blood as it needs is called:

angina pectoris

During a water rescue, what should be thrown to the victim?

anything that floats

The redness and itching of a mosquito bite can be relived by:

applying calamine lotion

Which of the following is correct regarding rising flood water?

as little as six inches of moving water can knock you off your feet

Coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and inability to speak in complete sentences without pausing for breath are all signs of:

asthma

Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms in the:

back of legs and abdominal muscles

When should a fracture be stabilized?

before you move the victim

Which spider has a characteristic red spot on the abdomen?

black widow

With an open fracture, the skin is:

broken or damaged

Which spider bite will result in a blister developing within 48 to 72 hours of the bite?

brown recluse

Sedative-hypnotics have what effect on the body?

calm anxiety

A victim struck by lightning is most likely to die from:

cardiopulmonary arrest

Downers depress which system of the body?

central nervous system

Uppers stimulate which system of the body?

central nervous system

Which is the proper first aid for someone who has taken an overdose of drugs?

check breathing, call 911, & check for injuries

Broken ribs usually occur along the side of the ________.

chest

A scorpion sting is life threatening to:

children

Which nonfreezing cold injury results in painful, red, swollen, hot-to-the-touch skin?

chillblain

What type of exposure is also known as urban exposure?

chronic

The bronchi of the lungs become thick, are unable to stretch, and are partially blocked in cases of:

chronic bronchitis

What does CSM stand for?

circulation, sensation, movement

Which type of heatstroke most often affects the elderly?

classic heatstroke

What is the most frequently fractured bone in the body?

clavicle

Rib fracture and flail chest are both examples of ________.

closed chest injures

A fracture in which the bone is fragmented into more than two pieces is called:

comminuted

Body heat loss by direct contact with a colder object is called:

conduction

Bruising of the tissue is considered a:

contusion

Body heat loss by air blowing over the skin or through porous clothing is called:

convection

America's most venomous snake is the:

coral

For an abdominal wound in which organs protrude, you should:

cover the organs with a moist, sterile dressing

A _______ occurs when a muscle goes into an uncontrolled spasm and contraction.

cramp

Which term describes the bulging out of the vagina as the fetus's head or part of the baby presses against it?

crowning

First aid for a seizure victims includes:

cushioning the victim's head

If a splinter enters the skin under the nail and breaks off flush, it can be removed by:

cutting a v-shaped notch in the nail and grasping the end of the splinter with the tweezers

When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim who is unlikely to survive?

dead

What is the main sign of a dislocation?

deformity

What does DOTS stand for?

deformity, open wounds, tenderness, swelling

Vomiting and diarrhea pose a particular risk for:

dehydration

When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim with minor injuries?

delayed care

The medical condition resulting from exposure to poison oak, ivy, or sumac is called:

dermatitis

The single best way to care for altitude illness is to:

descend to a lower elevation

The pain from a sprained finger will be ____ of the injured joint.

directly over

A _______ results when bones are displaced from their normal joint alignment.

dislocation

What injury results when a joint comes apart and stays apart?

dislocation

Cold-water immersion is associated with two potential medical emergencies:

drowning and hypothermia

Prickly heat is treated by:

drying and cooling the skin

Heat edema is treated by:

elevating the legs

Using the mnemonic RICE to treat ankle injuries, the "E" stands for:

elevation

During which stage of labor does the amniotic sac break?

end of the first

The only effective treatment for a severe allergic reaction to insect stings is:

epinephrine

Body heat loss by conversion of liquid on the skin to a vapor is called:

evaporation

Healthy, active individuals who are strenuously working or playing in a warm environment are prone to:

exertional heatstroke

The "rule of thirds" is helpful when checking the victim for ______ injuries.

extremity

Psychogenic shock is also known as:

fainting

Identify the correct statement about suicide.

females attempt suicide three times more often than males

A fractured _________ is best splinted with a traction splint.

femur

When stabilizing a finger dislocation, what is the position of function?

fingers and hand in a cupping shape

A condition that occurs when several ribs in the same area are broken in one place is called:

flail chest

With the exception of fire, ________ is the most common and widespread natural disaster.

floods

How long should the injured part be elevated?

for the first 24 hours

A ________ results when there are breaks in the bone.

fracture

What can be done to help control vaginal bleeding after delivery?

gently massage the mother's lower abdomen/allow the baby to nurse

First aid for frostnip includes:

gently warming the area against a warm body, such as the armpits

What kind of diabetes develops among some pregnant women?

gestational diabetes

The first step in caring for the victim of snakebites is to:

get the person away from the snake & call 911

How should diarrhea be treated?

give the victim clear fluids

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a knee dislocation?

grotesque deformity

If the victim has a possible spine injury as well as an extremity injury:

have the victim remain still as possible and wait for EMS

Up to 50% of body's total heat production can be lost by radiation through the _______?

head & neck

After the baby is delivered, and before the umbilical cord is cut, the newborn should be held:

head slightly lower than the trunk, level with the mother's vagina

Symptoms of heavy perspiration and normal or slightly-above-normal body temperature are common with which heat illness?

heat exhaustion

Becoming dizzy or fainting after being exposed to high temperatures is characteristic of:

heat syncope

Antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants all predispose individuals to:

heatstroke

Which heat illness is life threatening?

heatstroke

Risk factors for heart disease that cannot be changed include:

heredity

By today's standards, who is the most likely to be victim of lightning strike?

hikers, campers, golfers, etc.

Which of the following insects leaves its stinger behind in the skin?

honeybee

In what position should you place the hypothermic victim?

horizontal or flat position

The mnemonic DOTS can help you remember:

how to examine an area

Very low blood sugar is called:

hypoglycemia

Inadequate sodium in the body causes ________.

hyponatremia

Premature babies are especially at risk for:

hypothermia

The term for low oxygen content in the blood/body tissues:

hypoxia

Which of the following is the correct action to take if you experience an earthquake?

if outdoors, find a clear spot

When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim who has life threatening injuries but can be saved?

immediate care

What two concerns result from an animal bite?

immediate tissue damage and later infection from microorganisms

Child abuse and neglect usually occur:

in the home

Always stabilize an injured knee in which position?

in the position found

The virus causing rabies is usually spread through:

infected saliva

If the amniotic sac ruptures more than 12 hours before birth occurs, the likelihood of ______ is increased.

infection to mother and baby

Golfer's elbow is an inflammation of the tendons on the _____ of the elbow.

inside

Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile-onset, is also known as _______.

insulin dependent

Insulin reaction results from too much ________ and not enough _______.

insulin, sugar

Too much ________ and not enough ________ leads to low blood sugar.

insulin, sugar

Fainting is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness due to:

interruption of blood flow to the brain

Most ankle sprains are caused by the ankle having turned or twisted:

inward

If a woman in labor feels she has to move her bowels, delivery:

is imminent

In a wilderness situation, reduction of dislocated joints:

is recommended for simple dislocations

What is the most common type of stroke?

ischemic

The mother experiencing a breech presentation should be placed:

kneeling head-down position with pelvis elevated

How do you care for a sucking chest wound?

leave the wound exposed to air unless controlling bleeding

If a person has fallen through ice away from the shore, and cannot be reached by using a pole or throwing a line, the rescuer should:

lie flat and push an object ahead of them, and pull the victim ashore

Which childbirth position improves blood return to the heart?

lying on the left side

Which childbirth position provides protection against possible aspiration during vomiting?

lying on the left side

For a fracture of the ________ third of a bone, stabilize the joints above and below the fracture.

middle

If you are attacked by a _______, you should lie down and play dead.

mother black bear or grizzly bear

What region in the United States has the highest suicide rate?

mountain

Subacute exposure is also known as ________ exposure.

mountain/exhaustion

The first step in caring for a heatstroke victim is to:

move the victim to a cool place

Should CPR be started on a victim who was submerged in water for more than 60 minutes?

no

Which of the following statements concerning swallowed poisoning is correct?

no product is effective in treating most or all poisons

Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset, is also known as ______.

non-insulin dependent

When the fracture line crosses the bone in a slanting direction, it is called:

oblique

The initial care of a conscious stroke victim should include positioning the victim:

on his/her back with head and shoulders slightly elevated

If the intoxicated person is lying down, place him or her:

on his/her left side

What position should the injested poison victim be placed in?

on his/her left side

If the fracture results in the bone protruding through the skin, it is considered a(n):

open fracture

The two classifications for fractures are:

open or closed

Tennis elbow is an inflammation of the tendons on the _____ of the elbow.

outside

Tendonitis usually results from:

overuse

What is the primary symptom of fractured ribs?

pain

What happens when the area over a flail chest injury moves in a direction opposite to that of the rest of the chest wall during breathing?

paradoxical movement

What can be used to stabilize fractured ribs?

pillow; soft material

_________ occurs when air gets between the lung and chest wall.

pneumothorax

What position should the hand be placed when splinting the wrist, hand, and fingers?

position of function

The most important care of the newborn is:

positioning, drying, keeping warm, and stimulating to breathe

A severe injury to the abdomen in which the internal organs escape or protrude from the wound is called:

protruding organ injury

Opiates have what effect on the body?

provide pain relief

Marijuana has what effect on the body?

provides a feeling of relaxation and euphoria

Body heat loss by giving off heat is called:

radiation

Which type of snake is responsible for most venomous snakebites (about 65%) in the United States?

rattlesnake

First aid for dislocations includes all of the following except?

reduce the dislocation by putting it back into its normal position

________ is a technical term that means "aligning" a dislocated joint.

reducing

The heat escape lessening position (HELP) involves the victim:

remaining as quiet as possible

Using the mnemonic RICE to treat ankle injuries, the "R" stands for:

rest

If a Homeland Security Advisory threat level of "High" is issued, you should:

review evacuation and sheltering measures for various types of attack

If instructed to stay in your home during a chemical or biological attack:

seal room with plastic sheeting and duct tape

The actual delivery of the baby takes place during the _______ stage of labor.

second

Humans lose heat largely through their:

skin

If the baby's head emerges with the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck, the first aider should:

slip the cord over the baby's head

The major danger in moving a victim quickly is the possibility of aggravating a(n) _________ injury.

spinal

A miscarriage is also called a:

spontaneous abortion

What injury results when a joint is torn or stretched?

sprain

When a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion, this is called a:

sprain

The frequency of suicide peaks during which months?

spring

If an impaled object is penetrating the chest, the first aider should:

stabilize the object

If an object has penetrated the abdominal wall, you should:

stabilize the object by placing bulky dressings around it

If a victim is stranded in a car with a power line fallen across it, the victim should:

stay in the car

During a heat wave, you should:

stay in the coolest available location

If you encounter a hazardous materials incident:

stay upwind from the incident

A _______ results when the muscle is torn as a result from being stretched beyond its normal range of motion.

strain

A person who suddenly has trouble talking, understanding speech, and has a weakness along one side of the body is probably experiencing:

stroke

The mnemonic FAST is helpful in identifying victims of:

stroke

Presence of greenish- or brownish-yellow amniotic fluid requires the first aider to:

suction the mouth and nostrils thoroughly

What is the risk in a prolapsed umbilical cord presentation?

suffocation of the baby

Too much ________ and not enough ________ leads to high blood sugar.

sugar, insulin

If a near-drowning victim was diving:

suspect a possible spine injury

If you are indoors during an earthquake, you should

take cover under a sturdy desk or table

The first step in performing triage is to:

tell all the victims who can get up and walk to move to a specific area.

Inflammation of a tendon from overuse is called:

tendonitis

Which of the following statements concerning electrical injuries is true?

the 110 volts of household current is enough to be deadly

When using the "rule of thirds" when examining an extremity:

the bone is divided into thirds

Which bone is the largest bone in the body?

the femur

A hip fracture is a fracture of:

the upper end of the femur

Which of the following is true concerning the appearance of venomous snakes?

they have elliptical pupils & triangular heads

During which stage of labor is the placenta expelled?

third

Labor is a _______ stage process.

three

When applying an arm sling, the injured arm's hand should be placed in a _______ position in the sling, and above the level of the elbow.

thumb-up

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium that is carried by a:

tick

The safest way to carry an injured victim is:

to carry them on a stretcher

Which method is safest for reducing an anterior shoulder dislocation?

traction and external rotation; and simple hanging traction

A fractured femur is best splinted with a:

traction splint

A fracture which cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis is called:

transverse

Which nonfreezing cold injury results from exposure to moisture and cold for prolonged periods of time?

trenchfoot

Which nonfreezing cold injury results in tissue loss and infection?

trenchfoot

The process of prioritizing or classifying injures victims is called:

triage

A ___________ is a series of waves generated by an undersea disturbance.

tsunami

Upon finding a victim who is paralyzed by electrical current, the first aider should:

turn off the electricity before touching the victim

When splinting the forearm, keep the victim's thumb:

turned upright

When splinting the wrist, hand, and fingers, keep the victim's thumb:

turned upright

What could be done to separate a threatening farm animal from a victim?

use food to lure the animal away

If you are unable to evacuate your home during a hazardous materials incident:

use plastic sheeting and tape to secure doors and windows

The best way to remove a tick is to:

use tweezers

The painful pressure caused by accumulation of blood under a fingernail or toenail can be relieved by:

using a knife, needle, or small drill bit to pierce through the nail

The tightening of blood vessels in skin that is exposed to cold is called:

vasoconstriction

In most motor vehicle accidents, the first aider should:

wait for EMS personnel to get the victims out of the car

Reach-throw-row/go identifies the sequence for which type of rescue?

water rescue

In most states, when are you legally obligated to stop and give help at the scene of a motor vehicle accident?

when are you involved in an accident

A newborn should begin to breathe:

within 30 seconds

Tennis elbow results from sharp, quick twists of the ____.

wrist

Should CPR be started on a victim of hypothermia if the victim shows no signs of life?

yes

An important point of first aid for the heatstroke victim is:

you should start cooling the victim before EMS personnel arrive

Which test can be used to identify a scorpion sting?

"tap test"

Type ______ diabetes require external insulin to allow sugar to pass from the blood into the cells.

1

About _______ people from lower elevations who visit areas 6,000 feet to 12,000 feet above sea level experience acute mountain sickness.

1 in 4

A woman can be expected to lose up to ______ to _______ cup(s) of blood after delivery.

1 to 2

About _______ percent of lightening strikes result in death.

10

If chest discomfort lasts more than ______ minute(s), assume that the victim is having a heart attack.

10

How soon will swelling begin after a pit viper bite?

10-15 minutes

A seizure is the result of:

abnormal firing of the brain's cells

What type of exposure is also known as immersion exposure?

acute

A dislocation is considered simple if it involves:

all of the above

A rape victim may hesitate to report rape for which reasons?

all of the above

A ring that is stuck on a finger can be removed by:

all of the above

CPR has no effect on recovery and should not be started in which of the following situations?

all of the above

Characteristics of altitude illness include which of the following?

all of the above

Depressed persons can be recognized by their:

all of the above

First aid for all frostbite injuries includes:

all of the above

First aid for nonpoisonous snakebites includes which of the following?

all of the above

First aid for spouse abuse includes:

all of the above

Ground signals should be:

all of the above

How should a first aider treat a victim with a pelvis injury?

all of the above

Identify the correct statement about suicide.

all of the above

If trapped in a vehicle during a winter storm:

all of the above

If you must assist with the delivery of the baby, an important guideline to remember is:

all of the above

In cases of severe hypothermia, the first aider should:

all of the above