First Major Summative: Gross Anatomy Question Set

Two muscles that are most severely affected if the axillary n is severed is a. deltoid and teres minor b. supraspinatus and infraspinatus c. subscapularis and coracobrachialis d. teres major and long head of triceps

a The deltoid and teres minor are innervated by the axillary n. The supra/infraspinatus are innervated by the suprascapular n, the subscapularis and teres major by the subscapular n, the triceps by the radial n, and the coracobrachialis by the musculocutaneous n

The pulse is usually taken on which of the following arteries? a. radial a b. ulnar a c. princeps pollicis a d. median a

a pulse is usually taken at the radial a in the elbow by brachioradialis

Which of the following statements concerning the medial epicondyle of the humerus is INCORRECT? a. the brachial artery divides at this point into the ulnar and radial branches b. the basilic vein lies in closer proximity than the cephalic vein c. it is more prominent than the lateral epicondyle d. it serves as an attachment for many of the wrist flexors e. the ulnar n grooves it posteriorly

a the brachial a divides into the ulnar and radial a more so in the anterior center between medial and lateral epicondyle

Although a number of muscles can have a slight (secondary) action in pronation and supination of the forearm and hand, there are two pronators specifically named, one supinator so identified and a most powerful supinator not bearing that designation, but very obvious when one turns a door knob. The innervation of these muscles involves the a. radial, musculocutaneous, and median n b. radial, musculocutaneous, and ulnar n c. radial and median n d. musculocutaneous and ulnar n e. medial and ulnar n

a, radial, musculocutaneous, and median n Pronators: pronator teres and pronator quadratus (median n) and aconeous (radial n) Supinators: supinator (radial n) and biceps brachii (musculocutaneous n)

Which of the following are innervated solely by the ulnar n? a. adductor pollicis b. abductor pollicis longus c. abductor pollicis brevis d. flexor pollicis brevis e. opponens pollicis

a. adductor pollicis the AbPB, FPB, and OP are part of the thenar compartment, which is one of the main exceptions of the hand that are innervated by the median n. The AbPL is innervated by the radial N, posterior interosseous because it is coming in from the posterior compartment.

The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle insert into the a. middle phalanges b. carpal bones c. metacarpal bones d. proximal phalanges e. distal phalanges

a. middle phalanges The FDS has long tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel and cause flexion of proximal and middle phalanges, as well as wrist flexion.

The posterior interosseous artery normally arises directly from the a. common interosseous a b. brachial a c. ulnar a d. radial a e. superior ulnar collateral a

a. the common interosseous a branches off into posterior and anterior interosseous a. The common interosseous a, however, branches off from the ulnar a.

Damage to the radial nerve in the spiral groove causes a. wrist drop b. numbness over medial side of forearm c. weakness in pronating forearm d. weakness in abducting the arm e. inability to oppose the thumb

a. wrist drop Wrist drop means an inability to extend the hand at the wrist, and we know that the radial n overwhelmingly innervates the extensors of the wrist. Many of the other muscles of the other answers are innervated by the medial n.

Which of the following structures lie outside the carpal tunnel? a. flexor digitorum profundus tendons b. flexor digitorum superficialis tendons c. median n d. ulnar a e. flexor pollicis longus

d The ulnar n and a run anteriorly to the carpal tunnel. Only long flexor tendons will run through the carpal tunnel, and the median N which innervates them

Which ONE of the following statements concerning the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm is false? a. most originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus b. they flex the hand at the wrist or flex the digits c. most are innervated by the median n d. most insert at the dorsum of the hand e. they are separated by the muscles of the dorsal/posterior compartment by the interosseous membrane

d most flexors will insert on the ventral (palmar) surface of the hand, whereas most extensors of the posterior compartment insert at the dorsum.

The only muscle that can act to flex the forearm but is NOT innervated by the musculocutaneous, median or ulnar nerves is a. flexor digitorum longus b. biceps brachii c. brachialis d. brachioradialis e. extensor digitorum longus

d. The brachioradialis is innervated by the radial n. So is the extensor digitorum longus, but this muscle cannot flex the forearm.

Which one of the following does not share the same nerve supply as the rest of the muscles? a. triceps b. extensor indices c. supinator d. brachialis e. brachioradialis

d. brachialis The other muscles are innervated by the radial n; posterior extensors. The brachialis, as an anterior flexor, is innervated by the musculocutaneous N (as well as some radial n)

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous n is a continuation of the a. axillary n b. radial n c. ulnar n d. median n e. musculocutaneous n

e. musculocutaneous n the other ante brachial cutaneous n that may be confusing is the medial ante brachial cutaneous, a branch of medial cord, or the posterior antebrachial cutaneous, a branch of the radial

The structure utilized as a landmark for dividing the axillary artery into three portions is the a. clavicle b. teres major c. subclavius d. first rib e. pectoralis minor

e. pectoralis minor muscle

Which of the following structures is a part of the posterior wall of the axilla? a. pectoralis minor b. inter tubercular groove c. none of the above d. serratus anterior e. subscapularis

e. subscapularis

The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the a. medial pectoral n b. the thoracodorsal n c. the long thoracic n d. the lateral pectoral n e. the lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal n 2-8

c. the long thoracic n

The thoracoacromial artery is a direct branch of the a. thyrocervical trunk b. subclavian a c. external carotid artery d. axillary a

d. axillary a

The extensor carpi radialis longus m is innervated by the a. musculocutaneous n b. radial n c. axillary n d. ulnar n e. median n

b Most extensors at the posterior forearm are innervated by the radial n (post axial muscles)

With which branch of the axillary artery is the long thoracic nerve most closely associated, i.e., which artery vascularizes the same muscle that the long thoracic nerve innervates? a. lateral thoracic b. thoracodorsal branch of subscapular c. thoracoacromial d. internal thoracic e. highest thoracic

b. thoracodorsal branch of subscapular The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic N

Of the structures listed below, which one does NOT pass deep to (under cover of) the flexor retinaculum of the wrist? a. median n b. ulnar n c. flexor pollicis longus muscle/tendon d. flexor digitorum muscle/tendon

b. ulnar n The ulnar n doesn't pass through carpal tunnel (the compartment under the flexor retinaculum), but runs anterior to it.

Closely paralleling all the deep arteries of the forearm are the a. dorsal carpal rete b. vena commitantes c. circumferential veins d. cephalic veins e. basilic veins

b. vena commitantes Common in this area, two veins will run with one artery.

Of the following muscles, which one does NOT have at least part of its origin from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon? a. extensor carpi radialis brevis b. extensor digiti minimi c. extensor pollicis longus d. extensor digitorum communis e. extensor carpi ulnaris

c. EPL the extensor pollicis longus attaches at the posterior surface of the middle third of the ulna. Other extensors that don't originate at the lateral epicondyle are the EP brevis and E indices

The serratus anterior muscle receives part of its innervation from the a. dorsal scapular n b. suprascapular n c. anterior primary ramus of c7 d. anterior primary ramus of c8 e. anterior primary rams t1

c. anterior primary ramus of c7 the serratus anterior m is innervated by the long thoracic n, which is branched from the ramus of C5, 6, & 7

The muscles that have pronation in the forearm as their prime function are innervated by the a. ulnar n b. radial n c. median n d. median and ulnar n e. median and radial n

c. median n Pronator teres is a pronator and flexor in the anterior compartment, innervated by median N. The pronator quadrates, located in the distal forearm, is also innervated by the median n. The other pronator of the upper limb is the anconeous, innervated by the radial n, but it is not located in the forearm.

The muscle containing the pisiform bone in its tendinous insertion is innervated by the a. radial n b. median n c. ulnar n d. musculocutaneous n e. axillary n

c. ulnar n The flexor carpi ulnaris is inserted into the pisiform bone. Another way to remember this is that the pisiform bone in the hand is on the most medial anterior side of the hand, so it is probably innervated by the ulnar n. (Median n: thenar/flexors, radial n: cutaneous in hand, extensors in forearm)

Which two brachial plexus structures would have to be cut in order to completely destroy function of all the abductors of the upper extremity at scapulohumeral joint? a. lower trunk and lateral cord b. lower trunk and medial cord c. upper trunk and posterior cord d. middle trunk and posterior cord e. middle trunk and lateral cord

c. upper trunk and posterior cord The posterior cord gives rise to the axillary, radial, subscapular and thoracodorsal n. The muscles that abduct the arm here are deltoid (axillary), aconeous (radial). The superior trunk produces branches of subscapular and suprascapular n, and the suprascapular n innervates the abductor supraspinatus.

Which one of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the radial nerve? a. brachioradialis b. triceps c. supinator d. pronator teres e. anconeus

d. pronator teres is innervated by the median n Remember that the PT assists with flexion, which is mostly innervated by median n. Radial n mostly innervates extensors

Normally, which one of the following is NOT a branch of the axillary artery? a. lateral thoracic a b. posterior humeral circumflex a c. thoracoacromial trunk d. suprascapular artery e. subscapular artery

d. suprascapular a The suprascapular a is a branch of the subclavian artery, which is what the axillary a is called before crossing the 1st rib.

Which one of the following muscles does NOT take origin from the medial epicondyle of the humerus? a. pronator teres b. flexor carpi radialis c. palmaris longus d. brachioradialis

d. the brachioradialis has an origin in the proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Remember that the brachioradialis crosses over the humeral-radius/ulnar attachment.

An artery that accompanies the thoracodorsal n, is a direct branch of a. subclavian a b. supraclavicular a c. transverse cervical a d. anterior circumflex humeral a e. subscapular a

e The subscapular a, a branch off of the axillary a, splits into the circumflex scapular a and the thoracodorsal a

In the anterior compartment of the forearm, innervation of the muscles is a. overwhelmingly by the ulnar n b. superficial layer by median n and deep layer by ulnar n c. shared about equally by median and ulnar n d. by the ulnar n except those relating to the thumb e. by the median n except for one wrist flexor and part of one digital flexor

e. by the median n except for one wrist flexor and part of one digital flexor The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar n, and the medial side of the flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar n.

The axilla is a cone-shaped region which a. has as its lateral wall the intertubercular sulcus into which inserts the pectoralis major muscle b. has as its major structures only the subclavian artery and vein, lymph nodes, and five definitive branches of the brachial plexus c. is bounded medially by the humerus and laterally by the serratus anterior as it covers the rib cage d. is bounded posteriorly by the subscapularis muscle and the tendon of pectoralis major and teres minor muscles e. has as its major structures the axillary artery and vein, lymph nodes, cords of the brachial plexus and other major nerves

e. has as its major structures the axillary artery and vein, lymph nodes, cords of the brachial plexus and other major nerves

Two muscles forming the posterior axillary fold are a. subscapularis and serratus anterior b. subscapularis and serratus posterior superior c. teres minor and deltoid d. trapezius and deltoid e. lat dorsi and teres major

e. lat dorsi and teres major

In the posterior compartment of the forearm, the superficial layer of muscles is a. related to wrist extension, generalized digital extension and specific extension of the index finger b. abductors and extensors of the thumb and extensors of the four fingers c. innervated by the radial and median nerves d. related to wrist extension, extension of all four fingers and specific extension of the little finger e. related to thumb movements and to wrist extension only

d. related to wrist extension, extension of all four fingers and specific extension of the little finger Main superficial posterior forearm muscles include the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, the extensor digitorum and digiti minimi, and the extensor carpi ulnaris. (wrist extension, pinky and digitorum extension) Deep to this layer includes the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indices. (abductor of thumb, extensors of thumb, and extensor of 2nd digit)

Which of the following muscles is NOT directly (wholly or in part) attached to the humerus? a. deltoid b. pectoralis major c. triceps brachii d. pectoralis minor e. teres minor

d. the pectoralis minor is attached to the ribs and the coracoid process of the scapula

In the forearm (antebrachium), which one of the following arteries travels a major part of its course between the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis muscles? a. radial b. anterior interosseous c. posterior interosseous d. ulnar

d. ulnar a Supplies both FDP and FDS.