fish anatomy: external and internal

ovary

(female) single, large sac located in the same position in the body as are the testes in the male. the ovary produces white spherical eggs, which fill the cavity to capacity in the spring

testes

(male) paired, lobulated structures, posterior to the duodenum and stomach, and dorsal to the intestine. they produce sperm, which is transported to the outside by a duct called the vas deferens and eliminated through the genital pore

Spleen

A related circulatory organ; and elongated structure lying on the posterior dorsal surface of the stomach. It is concerned with the production and maintenance of the blood cells.

operculum

A semi circular flap that covers the gills

lateral line system

A sensory organ system restricted to the fishes in aquatic stages of amphibians; it enables a fish to detect localized disturbances from currents or vibrations caused by fixed or moving objects.

esophagus

A short, straight tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

urinary bladder

A small sac of the most posterior, ventral area of the body; functions to Store urine

pancreas

A small, folded Organ located at the ventral border of the duodenum; manufactures pancreatic juices that further digest proteins

Heart

A two chambered, muscular organ that receives blood from the body, circulates it to the gills for oxygenation to the body, and then back to the heart. Blood in the fish passes from the artrium to the ventricle without being oxygenated

Arteries

Carry blood from the heart to the body tissues

Veins

Carry blood to the heart from the body tissues

muscular system

Controls body movements

Intestine

Final digestion and absorption of food from the duodenumtakes place here

anus (inner)

Outside opening of the intestine through which solid waste is passed

Excretory system

Remove metabolic waste products from the blood

Respiratory system

Serves in the exchange of gases with the environment

circulatory system

The transport system of the body supplies oxygen and nourishment to body cells and removes metabolic wastes

skin

envelope for the body and the first line of defense against disease; it also affords protection from, and adjustments to, environmental factors that influence life.

urinary papilla

external projection of the male urinary bladder. Waste products (urine) are eliminated from the body through a urinary pore. In the female, urine is eliminated through the abdominal pore

anterior

forward or front

digestive system

functions to both mechanically and chemically break down food into simple components that can be easily absorbed by the blood and passed throughout the body to provide body cells with nourishment

mucous glands

glands located in the skin, the secretions (release) of which give The slimy touch and odor to the fish

gas bladder or swim bladder

helps regulate depth independently of body motion; located ventral to the kidney and dorsal to the sex organs

Posterior

hind or rear

Digestive glands

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

what is essential to odor perception?

movement of water

anus (outer)

opening through which feces are eliminated from the fish body

gills

organs of respiration that have thin walls that are supplied with blood capillaries, as are our lungs

pelvic fins

paired fins found close together on the ventral surface of the fish trunk

pectoral fins

paired fins found on either side of the perch

Kidneys

paired, elongated masses pressed against the dorsal body wall

duodenum

partially digested food is passed from the stomach to this organ for final digestion. The duodenum forms an S shaped loop from its origin at the stomach

stomach

receives food from the esophagus and digests the foods protein components

liver

reddish brown, lobed organ situated just anterior and dorsal to the stomach. It produces bile, which aids in fat digestion and the regulation of nutrient levels in the blood

gall Blatter

removes metabolic waste products from the blood

Reproductive system

responsible for the production of sex cells and their delivery to produce offspring; sex organs are separate in the perch.

ctenoid

scales

Gill arches

serve as attachments for the gills

anal fin

single fin located behind the anus on the ventral side and supported by soft rays

palate

solid roof extending from the mouth cavity to the pharynx(throat)

fish with dorsal mouth

surface feeder

cteni

teeth

fish scales

thin, flexible plates that provide a flexible "armor" to protect the fish. They are used in growth and age studies. The scales of perch are called ctenoid because The exposed portion bears TINY, spiny structures called cteni

intestinal diverticula

three blind sacs located at the anterior most part of the duodenum where it connects to the stomach. The pancreatic and bile ducts open here.

Gill filaments

tiny fingers running at right angles to the length of each gill. Oxygen dissolved in water diffuses through the thin wall of each gill filament into capillaries, and carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.

Median

toward the middle

collecting ducts

tubes that drain each kidney. In the male, they connect to the urinary bladder. In the female, they connect to the kidney to a urogenital sinus where the urinary bladder is incorporated into the oviduct

eye

two large spherical eyes are located on each side of the head

nostril

two pairs, each pair opens into an olfactory (smell) chamber and allows water to pass through the chamber. The movement of water is essential to perception.

homocercal

type of caudal found on the perch

caudal fin

The fleshy end of the tail surrounded by this fin; the type of caudal Fin found on the perch is called the homocercal

anterior dorsal fin

Single fin found on the dorsal side of the fish and supported by 13 to 15 spiny rays

posterior dorsal fin

Single fin located directly behind the anterior dorsal fin and supported by 7 to 8 soft rays

fat bodies

White mass is located under the intestine; they function to store food reserves

oviduct

a funnel like structure where the urinary bladder is incorporated. eggs are expelled through the abdominal pore.

ventral

abdominal or lower

gill openings

allow water passing through gills to exit

olfactory chamber

allows water to pass through the nostrils and into the chamber.

mouth

at anterior end of the animal. the position of the mouth reflects the manner whereby the fish feeds. the fish possessing the terminal mouth feeds by overtaking prey while swimming. the fish possessing a dorsal mouth is usually a surface feeder if the mouth is ventral the fish is usually a bottom feeder

Dorsal

back or upper

Gill rakers

bony structures located on each girl arch and pointing towards the pharynx. Collectively, they act as a strainer preventing food and other particles from being carried across the gills, which could cause the gills injury

fish with ventral mouth

bottom feeder