FIU EVR1001 Exam 3

________ is(are) anything that alters the balance of incoming solar radiation relative to the amount of heat that escapes out into space. A. A radiative forcer B. Albedo C. Radiation forcers D. Milankovitch cycles E. Climate enforcers

a

____________________ energy is renewable and has a low environmental impact. A. Sustainable B. Reusable C. Renewable D. Fossil fuel E. None of these answers

a

n atom that spontaneously emits subatomic particles and/or energy is called ______________. A. radioactive B. isotopic C. fissionary D. fusionary E. none of these answers

a

Choose the energy source that is most renewable. A. coal B. biodiesel C. oil D. natural gas E. nuclear energy

b

The meteorological conditions in a given place on a given day refer to its _________. A. climate B. weather C. habitat D. ecosystem E. none of these answers

b

Which of the following choices is NOT a fossil fuel? A. oil B. peat C. natural gas D. coal E. none of these answers

b

Which renewable energy source has the greatest environmental footprint? A. geothermal energy B. biomass C. wind D. active solar energy E. ocean (tidal)

b

in 2009, the Supreme Court gave the EPA the authority to regulate greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide under the: A. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). B. Clean Air Act (CAA). C. Toxic Substances Act (TOSCA). D. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). E. None of these answers—the EPA lacks the authority to regulate greenhouse gases.)

b

sotopes are atoms that have the same number of _____________ but a different number of ______________. A. neutrons; protons B. protons; neutrons C. protons; electrons D. electrons; protons E. neutrons; electrons

b

A shift of only a few degrees Fahrenheit in the average global temperature will likely result in more frequent and extreme heat waves. Which of the following choices best describes this phenomenon? A. habitat destruction B. weather change C. climate change D. ozone formation E. none of the answers

c

Air pollutants released directly from any source are considered to be which of the following? A. ozone B. ground-level ozone C. primary air pollutants D. secondary air pollutants E. none of these answers

c

Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus but the same number of protons are known as ___________________. A. decay products B. half-lives C. isotopes D. neutral E. none of these answers

c

The actual temperature on any given day is the _________, while the range of expected values, based on location and time of year, is the __________. A. climate; weather B. albedo; radiative forcer C. weather; climate D. prediction; weather E. forecast; reality

c

What is the population size generally considered for classifying a city as a "megacity"? A. 1 million B. 5 million C. 10 million D. 50 million E. none of these answers

c

What type of policy is needed when an environmental problem extends across national boundaries? A. national B. local C. international D. state E. intranational

c

Which of the following statements is true about the world's population? A. Population growth has reached peak levels. B. People are moving out of the cities and into rural areas. C. People are moving out of rural areas and into the cities. D. Equal amounts of people live in rural areas and cities. E. None of these answers are correct.

c

Why is U-235 used more in nuclear reactors than U-238? A. U-235 is more abundant. B. U-235 is cheaper to mine. C. U-235 is more reactive. D. U-235 has fewer externalities. E. U-235 produces less harmful radiation.

c

________ is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures. A. Asthma B. An environmental insult C. Air pollution D. Acid deposition E. Airborne respiration

c

__________________ energy is replenished over short time scales or is perpetually available. A. Sustainable B. Reusable C. Renewable D. Fossil fuel E. None of these answers

c

_____________________ is the migration of people to large cities. A. Rural migration B. Sprawl zones C. Urbanization D. Exurbs E. None of these answers

c

A nonrenewable natural resource formed millions of years ago from plant or animal remains that is used as an energy source is called a ___________________. A. hydrocarbon B. peat C. unconventional source D. fossil fuel E. none of these answers

d

A sustainable energy source has which of the following characteristics? A. It is renewable. B. It has a low environmental footprint. C. It is affordable to the consumer. D. A, B, and C are all correct. E. None of these answers are correct.

d

A variety of factors can warm or cool the planet. Which of the following is a positive forcer (warming effect)? A. cloud albedo effect B. aerosols C. stratospheric ozone D. black soot on snow E. deforestation

d

Air pollutants that are formed when primary air pollutants react with one another or other chemicals in the air are called _________. A. nonpoint sources B. point sources C. primary air pollutants D. secondary air pollutants E. all of these answers

d

In the New York case study, the South Bronx handled ______ of the entire city's waste. A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 40% E. 80%

d

Long-term patterns or trends of meteorological conditions in a given area refer to its _________. A. weather B. variability C. forecast D. climate E. albedo

d

The World Health Organization estimates that more than _______ people die prematurely each year as a result of exposure to air pollution. A. 500,000 B. 1 million C. 4 million D. 8 million E. 15 million

d

What does the term "peak oil" mean? A. It is the heavy oil at the bottom of the well that isn't economical to pump. B. It is the lighter weight oil at the top of the well. C. It is the tiny droplets wedged within the open spaces inside rocks. D. It is the moment in time when oil reaches its highest production levels. E. It is oil produced from tar sands or oil shale.

d

When talking about the formation of fossil fuels, cap rock is a ________________. A. reservoir layer holding water B. reservoir layer hold petroleum C. reservoir layer holding natural gas D. dense layer holding in natural gas and petroleum E. none of these answers

d

Which of the following environmental issues occurs across state and national boundaries? A. ozone depletion B. species endangerment C. global warming D. A, B, and C E. only A and B

d

Which of the following is an example of a transboundary problem? A. pollution in Mexico's Tijuana River closing beaches in San Diego where the river empties into the sea B. acid rain falling in Canada because of industrial emissions from the United States C. currents concentrating garbage in areas of the Atlantic Ocean D. A, B, and C E. only B and C

d

Which of the following statements about nuclear fission is NOT true? A. Nuclear fission splits the nucleus of an atom. B. Nuclear fission releases energy. C. Nuclear fission reactions depend on radioactive isotopes. D. Nuclear fission does not produce any heat. E. All of these answers are incorrect

d

Which was the first environmental law that required the U.S. government to consider environmental issues before approving policies? A. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) B. Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSCA) C. Clean Water Act (CWA) D. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) E. Clean Air Act (CAA)

d

You are driving a car. The emissions coming out of the automobile tailpipe are considered to be _________. A. a point source B. ozone C. ground-level ozone D. primary air pollutants E. secondary air pollutants

d

________ is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases in the United States and other developed nations and a major cause of childhood disability. A. Arthritis B. Heart disease C. Lung cancer D. Asthma E. None of these answers

d

_____________________ is energy released when an atom is split or combines with another to form a new atom. A. Nuclear decay B. The half-life C. Nuclear fusion D. Nuclear energy E. None of these answers

d

All of the following statements are true about the movement of the world's population EXCEPT _________________. A. more people live in urban areas than in rural areas B. the rate of population growth has increased since the end of the twentieth century C. urbanization is occurring in developed, developing, and non-developed countries D. A, B, and C E. none of these answers

e

Biomass is a renewable energy source. Why isn't the use of biomass sustainable? A. Burning biomass creates pollution. B. Harvesting biomass reduces the amount of habitat available for other species. C. Increasing world populations will require that more biomass be harvested. D. Burning biomass releases gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. E. All of these answers are correct.

e

Environmental policy: A. provides guidelines meant to restore or protect the natural environment. B. is limited to the nation that creates it. C. can help mitigate human impact on the environment. D. A, B, and C are correct. E. Only A and C are correct.

e

Which of the following countries is projected to have a large increase in the rate of urbanization in the near future? A. India B. China C. United States D. England E. both A and B

e

Which of the following is FALSE regarding asthma? A. Developing nations are seeing a rise in asthma, especially in urban centers. B. Asthma is a respiratory ailment marked by inflammation and constriction of the narrow airways of the lungs. C. In the United States, asthma is the leading cause of school absences. D. The United Kingdom and United States have the highest incidences of asthma, with more than 8% of their populations diagnosed in 2011. E. None of these answers since all of these statements regarding asthma are true.

e

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A. carbon dioxide B. methane C. nitrous oxide D. halocarbons E. sulfur oxides

e

Which of the following is emitted during radioactive decay? A. gamma radiation B. heat C. subatomic particles D. energy E. all of these answers

e

Which of the following types of fuel is composed of hydrocarbons? A. oil B. coal C. natural gas D. wood E. all of these answers

e

A(n) _____________ problem is one that extends across state and national boundaries. A. transboundary B. environmental C. adaptive D. national E. political

a

Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are known as _________________. A. urban areas B. sprawl zones C. core areas D. exurbs E. none of these answers

a

In 2014, what state in the United States had the largest wind farm? A. California B. Oregon C. Texas D. Kansas E. none of these answers

a

Nuclear power plants use ___________ to boil water and produce steam, which is then used to generate electricity. A. heat B. coal C. oil D. fossil fuels E. petroleum

a

The United States reached its peak oil for domestic deposits in 1970. What have we done since then? A. increased our dependence on other countries for oil B. reduced our demand for oil C. found other fuel sources to use instead of oil D. continued to search for new sources of oil in the United States E. used up our stores of domestic oil while reducing our dependence on foreign oil

a

The three principle fossil fuels are __________________. A. coal, oil, and natural gas B. oil, natural gas, and tar sands C. oil, natural gas, and oil shale D. coal, peat, and lignite E. none of these answers

a

What is the biggest health problem associated with air pollution? A. respiratory ailments B. burns C. flulike symptoms D. birth defects E. cancers

a

Which continent is expected to have the largest increase in the rate of urbanization in the near future? A. Asia B. Africa C. South America D. North America E. Europe

a

Which of the following choices is NOT evidence for the recent changes in global climate? A. a single weather event like a hurricane. B. prairies giving way to deserts in Africa and the American West. C. coral reefs dying off. D. earlier springs and later winters. E. more and longer heat waves.

a

Which of the following resources is considered nonrenewable as an energy source? A. natural gas B. wood C. peat D. plant oil E. dung

a