FIVS 205 Brundage Exam 1

What is the predominant range of GSR particles?

0.5-2 um

When SEM is combined with EDS what is the smallest size particle that can readily be resolved?

1 micrometer

Anthropometry used how many body measurements?

11

Bertillonage relied upon how many body measurements?

11

What is the typical rule of Rigor mortis? (format answer as #-#-#)

12-12-12

The Frye standard came about in what year?

1923

A draft of what would become the Federal Rules of Evidence was put forth in:

1969

When did the Federal Rules of Evidence come into existence?

1975

"What is the total magnification range of the compound binocular microscope, according to your reading?

25-1200 times greater than the object

A microscopic crime scene on a body is most likely to be searched by:

A medical examiner

Lawyers representing one of two rival positions arguing for acceptance is called:

Adversarial system

Who developed DNA profiling?

Alec John Jeffreys

Who currently certifies doctors in forensic pathology in the U.S.?

American Board of Pathology

________________ Developed probability models that showed fingerprints are unique.

Balthazard

What is the term for the halo or brightness that enters into the material of greater RI?

Becke line

Glass with added sodium oxides and borax fledspath has the property of:

Being resistant to thermal shock

ABO blood grouping is categorized into which evidence type?

Biological evidence

What is the analytical and identifying characteristic of a material?

Birefringence

According to lecture, which glass type is made of the largest percentage of sand?

Borosilicate

What kind of evidence is forensic evidence considered?

Circumstantial

What type of evidence comes into court and does not reference a particular suspect?

Class characteristic

What causes fixed pale spots in livor mortis?

Compressed capillaries which don't allow blood to settle

Hans Gross wrote which book?

Criminal Investigation

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A video of a crime in progress. What kind of evidence is this?

Direct

_____ is evidence that establishes a fact without the need for further inference

Direct evidence

What is the most discriminating technique of glass?

Elemental profiles

Which of these explicitly states that the judge is the "gatekeeper" of what evidence is admitted into a courtroom?

Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702

"___ taphonomy is the use of taphonomic models, approaches, and analyses in forensic contexts to estimate the time since death, reconstruct the circumstances before and after decomposition, and discriminate the products of human behavior from those created by natural processes."

Forensic

Which of these is considered the general acceptance test?

Frye

The Daubert trilogy is made up of three trials. One is the Daubert trial. What are the other two?

General Electric Co. vs Joiner and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael

Which of these historical figures is credited with establishing scientific examination of firearms evidens in the United States?

Goddard

What is considered the oldest presumptive test for blood?

Guaiacum

What is considered a common examination for questioned documents?

Handwriting comparisons Alterations Obliterations

Who coined the term Criminalistics?

Hans Gross

Which of these references a particular suspect?

Individual characteristic evidence

Which is NOT an advantage of physical evidence?

It is subject to distortion by the defendant

"Which of these may be called a ""trier of fact""?"

Jury

"Every contact leaves a trace" is a simplified version of:

Locard's Exchange Principle

Who is considered the father of forensic toxicology?

Mathieu Orfila

What is added to glass to make it sparkle more?

Metal oxcides

A guy dies of heart attack. No foreign substances were found in his blood stream. What is the manner of death?

Natural

Which of these is an example of class characteristic evidence? Fingerprints DNA Fracture matches All of these None of these

None of these

How many refractive indices do isotropic materials exhibit?

One

"According to your reading, which of these is one of the most powerful analytical tools available to the forensic scientist?

Peterographic microscope

"According to your reading, which of these is one of the most powerful analytical tools available to the forensic scientist? "

Peterographic microscope

____ is how drugs and poisons interact with the body.

Pharmacology

What must be added to a compound microscope in order for it to be converted to a polarized light microscope?

Polarizer Analyzer Correct Two of these

This is a field test for heroin. Is it a presumptive or confirmatory test?

Presumptive

The classification of the crime scene labels the site of the original or first criminal activity as what?

Primary crime scene

_____ is the site of the original or first criminal activity.

Primary crime scene

_________: transferred to the object on which it's found from its original source

Primary transfer

What is the single direction in which light vibrating is absorbed referred to as?

Privileged direction

" ________refers to the law of chance, or how likely something is to happen. "

Probability

"You find a note pad at a crime scene. The top page is gone, but you can faintly make out indentations of writing on the pad. Which type of evidence is this? (Choose the best category of those listed)."

Questioned document evidence

What form of spectroscopy measures the shifts in energy when light is scattered by the electron cloud of a molecule?

Raman spectroscopy

The process of observing the outcome of a chance event is called a(n):

Random experiment

"According to your reading, what is the final step in the forensic examination process?"

Reconstruction of a crime scene

What must admissible evidence be?

Reliable and relevant

Which of these evidence rules considers the judge the "gatekeeper" of admissible evidence?

Rule 702

What is the first rule of crime scene investigation?

Safety first

The PRIMARY concern of a first responder is:

Safety of responders and victims

What are some ways to define a crime scene?

Sequence Size Type Organization Physical location

Bacteria in your large intestine break down amino acids into indol, _____, and methyl mercaptan, which accounts for the distinctive smell of fecal matter.

Stakole

Which microscope is generally employed first in the examination of trace evidence?

Stereo binocular microscope

The term morphology relates to what?

Structure

The study of decay is:

Taphonomy

What was the first documented case of matching physical evidence in modern history?

The Culshaw case

Which ruling led to criteria referred to as general acceptance?

The Frye decision

Who is responsible for first securing and protecting a crime scene?

The first responder

If a microscopist measure birefringence and retardation what third property can be determined using the Michel-Levy chart?

Thickness

According to your reading, what is the primary responsibility of a forensic scientist?

To perform scientific analyses and report the results

Calcium binds with ___ during the formation of rigor.

Troponin

Who is responsible for developing probability models, showing that fingerprints were unique?

Victor Balthazard

When a lawyer introduces a scientist and has that person describe his or her qualifications in an effort to become recognized as an expert witness, it is called:

Voir Dire

Who starts the chain of custody?

Whoever collected the evidence

DNA is called the "____"

blueprint of life

What is the common name for a contusion?

bruise

What causes fixed pale spots in livor mortis?

bursting of capillaries after death

Bones have hardness due to their calcium and mineral content, while they have flexibility due to their _____ content.

collagen

"______" means: Proof that a crime was committed

corpus delicti

The outermost portion of the hair shaft is called the:

cuticle

"________ Analysis is the gathering, display, and summary of information gathered through observation and experiment"

data

"According to lecture, which of these is one of the most common types of trace evidence? "

glass

"According to your reading, almost all isotropic fibers are made from: ______"

glass

Evidence with blood on it must be packaged:

in paper bags

Who solves crimes?

investigators

The ___ of death is a legal classification of death--something like suicide, homicide, or natural.

manner

The row of cells resembling a canal that runs along the center of the hair shaft is called:

medulla

The color portion of paint is called:

pigment

What component of soil can be a strong indicator of a location?

pollen

The root portion of a hair is called:

proximal end

What does RNA stand for?

ribonucleic acid

Court cases define the term "_____" as: Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method

scientific

A ______ is any crime scene that came after the original criminal activity

secondary crime scene

The liquid portion of paint is called:

solvent

" ____, the discoloration of the whites of the eyes if left open upon death, should not be confused with petechial hemorrhage resulting from strangulation nor be mistaken for antemortem bruising of the eye."

tache noire

The dormant stage of hair growth is called:

telogen stage

What was Edmund Locard's main interest in forensic science?

trace evidence

Urine is sterile until it reaches the ______.

urethra