Fluid and electrolyte

A client has taken corticosteroids for six weeks for rheumatoid arthritis. The client doubled the dose after two weeks from more effective pain management. The LPN expects to find which value on the clients laboratory Report? 1) chloride 115 mEq/L (115 mmol/L) 2) magnesium 2.3 mEq/L (1.15 mmol/L) 3) phosphorus 3 mg/dL ( 0.97 mmol/L) 4) potassium 3.9 mEq/dL ( 3.9 mmol/L)

1

A client receives a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. The LPN expects to find which lab in the clients admitting lab results? 1) magnesium 3.2 mEq/L (1.6 mmol/L) 2) phosphorus 2.7 mg/dL (0.87 mmol/L) 3) potassium 3.6 mEq/L (3.6 mmol/L) 4) sodium 142 mEq/L (142 mmol/L)

1

A clients lab values are potassium 4.5 mEq/L (4.5 mmol/L) , sodium 125 mEq/L (mmol/L), calcium 8.8 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L), magnesium 1.9 mEq/L (0.95 mmol/L), phosphorus 3.3 mg/dL (1.07 mmol/L) and chloride 102 mEq/L (102 mmol/L). Which observation does the LPN expect? 1) anorexia, nausea, and vomiting 2) blood pressure of 90/65 mm Hg 3) irregular pulse of 84 beat/minutes 4) muscle irritability and tetany

1

The LPN assists with the care of a client diagnosed with dehydration. What will the LPN expect to observe? 1) urine specific gravity 1.038 2) peripheral edema 3) Weight gain 4) chest pain with inspiration

1

The LPN notes that a client has a serum sodium of 128 mEq/L. Which does the LPN expect to observe? 1) confusion 2) dry oral mucosa membrane 3) decreased peripheral sensation 4) decreased bowel sounds

1

The LPN reinforces the diet education for the client who has hyperphosphatemia. The LPN should instruct the client to avoid which food? 1) 2% fat milk 2) fresh fruits 3) fresh vegetables 4) tuna steak

1

The LPN reviews the laboratory value for the client and notes the clients serum sodium level is 129 milliequivalent/Liter (mE/L). Which should the LPN expect to observe? 1) lethargy 2) numbness and tingling of the fingers 3) muscle twitching 4) Increased blood pressure

1

The client remains in a coma three weeks after an injury. The LPN expects to see which client laboratory results? 1) total calcium 11.3 mg/dL (2.83 mmol/L) 2) chloride 103 mEq/L (103 mmol/L) 3) phosphorus 3.4 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L) 4) potassium 4.2 mEq/L (4.2 mmol/L)

1

The LPN provides care for a client who had a nasogastric (NG) tube connected to intermittent low wall suction for three days. The LPN notes a value of chloride 90 mEq/L (90 mmol/L) in the clients lab report. Which signs or symptoms does the LPN expect the client to display. Select all that apply 1) agitation 2) anorexia 3) dysrhythmias 4) fatigue 5) muscle cramps 6) tachypnea

1, 2, 3, 5,

The LPN cares for a client diagnosed with hypo kalemia. The LPN recognizes which may be the cause of the hypokalemia? Select all that apply. 1) thiazide diuretics 2) severe diarrhea 3) excessive use of salt substitute 4) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 5) ileostomy 6) drainage from nasogastric tube

1, 2, 5, 6

A client receives a Gastrointestinal viral diagnosis. The LPN expects to find which abnormal value in the clients laboratory report. 1) chloride 104 mEq/L (104 mmol/L) 2) phosphorus 2.1 mg/dL (0.68 mmol/L) 3) potassium 3.7 mEq/L (3.7 mmol/L) 4) sodium 139 mEq/L ( 139 mmol/L)

2

A client tells the LPN, " are use milk of magnesia twice a day to have a bowel movement." For the past week, the client has had problems with diarrhea. The LPN expects to see which value in the clients lab report 1) magnesium 3.4 mEq/L (1.7mmol/L) 2) magnesium 1 mEq/L (0.5 mmol/ L) 3) phosphorus 5.2 mg/dL (1.68 mmol/L) 4) phosphorus 2 mg/dL ( 0.65 mmol/L)

2

The LPN assist with the care of a client who had a subtotal thyroidectomy 24 hours ago. Which observation should the LPN report immediately to the RN. 1) skin pallor 2) tingling of fingers 3) dry oral mucosa 4) decreased vowel sounds

2

The LPN cares for an 80-year-old client with a three day history of vomiting. What is a priority observation for the LPN to make? 1) muscle strength 2) sitting and laying blood pressure 3) skin turgor upper upper chest 4) vowel sound frequency and intensity

2

The LPN reviews laboratory results and notes a clients serum potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. which observation should the LPN report immediately to the nurse. 1) diarrhea 2) irregular apical heart rate 3) decreased appetite 4) increased urine output

2

The LPN reviews laboratory results and notes that a client serum magnesium is 4.1 mEq/L (2.05 mmol/L). Which will the LPN expect to observe? 1) tremors 2) shallow respirations 3) pedal edema 4) confusion

2

Which signs and symptoms would the LPN expect to observe in a client diagnosed with fluid volume overload? 1) dry and mucous membranes 2) sacral edema 3) thirst 4) Weight loss

2

The LPN cares for a client diagnosed with a closed head injury. The client is at risk for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). What are symptoms of SIADH? Select all that apply 1) urine output 100 mL/hour 2) serum sodium 128 mEq/L 3) urine specific gravity 1.008 4) Weight gain 5) muscle weakness

2, 4, 5

The LPN cares for a client diagnosed with fluid volume overload. What laboratory value will be LPN expectancy? 1) sodium 148 mEq/L 2) hemoglobin 18 g/dL 3) hematocrit 32% 4) potassium 3.2 mEq/ dL

3

The LPN cares for a client diagnosed with hyperkalemia. The LPN administers sodium polystyrene sulfonate to the client. What is the best explanation of the action of the medication? 1) increase potassium movement into cells 2) slows gastrointestinal motility and absorption 3) moves potassium into the bowel for excretion 4) dilutes the potassium concentration in the blood

3

The LPN cares for an 82-year-old client diagnosed with heart failure. What is the most reliable indicator of fluid status? 1) skin turgor 2) peripheral Adema 3) Weight 4) intake and output

3

The LPN cares for clients on the medical/surgical unit. The LPN identifies which client is at greatest risk to develop hypokalemia? 1) The client with a serum creatinine of 3.4 mg/dL 2) The client diagnosed with for thickness burns 3) The client with three day history of vomiting 4) The client diagnosed with crushing injury to the leg

3

Which client is at highest risk to develop increased serum potassium levels? 1) A client with a nasogastric tube connected to section 2) A client who takes furosemide daily 3) A client diagnosed with acute kidney disease 4) A client who takes 30 mg prednisone daily

3

Which client is that the highest for us to develop increased serum magnesium levels? 1) A client diagnosed with hypothyroidism who takes digoxin Jackson daily 2) A client diagnosed with heart failure who takes furosemide daily 3) A client diagnosed with chronic kidney failure who takes anti-acids daily 4) A client with asthma who takes a corticosteroid daily

3

A client diagnosed with hypertension who is taking enalapril asks, " can I use a salt substitute?" Which response should the LPN make? 1) Foods taste better when seasoned with herbs and spices. They are nutritionally better for a person diagnosed with hypertension. 2) I will have the dietitian explain what seasonings you can and cannot use and how to season your foods to your liking 3) Salt substitute can be used in moderation until you learn to season foods with fresh herbs and spices 4) Salt substitutes contain potassium; enalapril cause your body to retain potassium; the combination will cause potassium to be elevated

4

The LP in reviews the lab value for a client who had a tracheostomy in notes the calcium is 7.5 milligrams/deciliter(mg/dl) The LPN recognizes which activity as the probable reason for this value? 1) diarrhea 2) excess intake of vitamin D 3) immobility 4) removal of the parathyroid gland

4

The LPN cares for a client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What will the LPN expect to observe? 1) decreased blood sugar 2) decreased serum calcium 3) increased serum potassium 4) increased serum sodium

4

The LPN cares for the client receiving a hypertonic tube feeding. The LPN notes that the client has hypertension, tachycardia, and rales. The LPN expects to see which value in the clients lab results to be? 1) calcium 11.0 milliequivalents/ liter (mEq/ L) 2) Magnesium 3.2 mEq/L 3) potassium 5.4 mEq/ L 4) sodium 152 mEq/L

4

The LPN reviews laboratory results for a client who receives 0.25 mg digoxin daily. What is the most important laboratory value for the LPN to review. 1) serum calcium 2) serum sodium 3) serum phosphorus 4) serum potassium

4

The LPN ways the client with acute heart failure and observes the client has gained 4.5 pounds during the last 24 hours. Approximately how much fluid has the client retained? 1) 500 ml 2) 1000 ml 3) 1500 ml 4) 2000 ml

4

What causes hypokalemia?

Diarrhea

What causes hypophosphatemia

Excess intake of vitamin d

What causes hypercalocemia?

Immobility