fluid and electrolytes EAQs

Which pH value of the blood is usually fatal? 1 7.91 2 6.91 3 7.36 4 7.40

1 7.91

When preparing a liquid medication, where on the dosage cup is the amount read? 1 Darkened urine 2 Decreased heart rate 3 Increased blood pressure 4 Decreased specific gravity of the urine

1 Darkened urine

Which client should a nurse consider the greatest risk for developing hypernatremia? 1 A 52-year-old who is receiving 0.45% NaCl intravenously 2 A 76-year-old who developed the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a result of head trauma 3 A 63-year-old who has had watery diarrhea since traveling abroad 4 A 48-year-old who is admitted with a diagnosis of Addison disease

3 A 63-year-old who has had watery diarrhea since traveling abroad

Which metabolic condition is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia? 1 Dwarfism 2 Gigantism 3 Myxedema 4 Diabetes insipidus

4 Diabetes insipidus

A nurse examines a client's serum electrolyte levels in the laboratory report. What electrolyte in intracellular fluid should the nurse consider most important? 1 Sodium 2 Calcium 3 Chloride 4 Potassium

4 Potassium

When a client is receiving total parenteral nutrition, what is important for the nurse to assess? 1 Blood glucose 2 Occult blood in stool 3 Urine specific gravity 4 Presence of bowel sounds

1 Blood glucose

A client's laboratory report indicates the presence of hypokalemia. For which clinical manifestations associated with hypokalemia should the nurse assess the client? Select all that apply. 1 Thirst 2 Anorexia 3 Leg cramps 4 Rapid, thready pulse 5 Dry mucous membranes

2 Anorexia 3 Leg cramps

After abdominal surgery, a client is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with a nasogastric tube in place. What action should the nurse take initially when the client vomits 90 mL of bile-colored fluid? 1 Elevate the head of the bed 2 Check the patency of the tube 3 Administer the prescribed antiemetic 4 Encourage the client to take several deep breaths

2 Check the patency of the tube

An 85-year-old client has a three-day history of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The client develops weakness and confusion and is admitted to the hospital. To best monitor the client's rehydration status, what should the nurse assess? 1 Skin turgor 2 Daily weight 3 Urinary output 4 Mucous membranes

2 Daily weight

A client with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis is admitted with severe dyspnea as a result of ascites. Which process that most likely caused the ascites should the nurse consider when planning care? 1 Increased secretion of bile salts 2 Increased pressure in the portal vein 3 Increased interstitial osmotic pressure 4 Increased production of serum albumin

2 Increased pressure in the portal vein

The nurse is providing care to a client being treated for bacterial cystitis. What is the goal before discharge for this client? 1 Understand the need to drink 4 L of water per day, an essential measure to prevent dehydration 2 Be able to identify dietary restrictions and plan menus 3 Achieve relief of symptoms and maintain kidney function 4 Recognize signs of bleeding, a complication associated with this type of procedure

3 Achieve relief of symptoms and maintain kidney function

When caring for a client who has hyponatremia, the nurse would monitor for which symptom? 1 Increased urine output 2 Deep rapid respirations 3 Decreased specific gravity 4 Distended neck veins

3 Decreased specific gravity

A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a nasogastric (NG) tube set to low intermittent suction. The nurse recalls that the primary reason that an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride and 20 mEq of potassium has been prescribed is to prevent which complication? 1 Constipation 2 Dehydration 3 Electrolyte imbalance 4 Nausea and vomiting

3 Electrolyte imbalance

A client has severe diarrhea, and the health care provider prescribes intravenous fluids, sodium bicarbonate, and an antidiarrheal medication. Which drug does the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe? 1 Psyllium 2 Bisacodyl 3 Loperamide 4 Docusate sodium

3 Loperamide

The nurse provides education to a client about the side effects of furosemide. Which client statements indicate that the teaching is understood? Select all that apply. 1 "I must not eat citrus fruits." 2 "I should wear dark glasses." 3 "I should avoid lying flat in bed." 4 "I should change my position slowly." 5 "I must eat a food that contains potassium every day."

4 "I should change my position slowly." 5 "I must eat a food that contains potassium every day."

A client admitted for uncontrolled hypertension and chest pain was prescribed a low-sodium diet and started on furosemide. The nurse should instruct the client to include which foods in the diet? 1 Liver 2 Apples 3 Cabbage 4 Bananas

4 Bananas