Foner Chapter 12

Angelina and Sarah Grimké argued against what?

The separation between men and women and guarded female modesty

Which young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets?

Theodore Weld

What role did African-Americans play in the abolitionist movement?

They financed The Liberator, to try to popularize the rejection of colonization and demanded equal rights

What did free African-Americans believe about the colonization of freed US slaves to Africa?

They greatly opposed it

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create a moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

Through a vision of freedom that was liberating an controlling - sought to liberate Americans from various forms of "slavery" that made it impossible to succeed - slavery to drink, poverty, and sin

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement? a. Catholic b. Protestants c. women d. Northern middle class

a. Catholic

Who was the North Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World won widespread attention? a. David Walker b. William Lloyd Garrison c. Wendell Phillips d. Theodore Weld

a. David Walker

Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the U.S. Constitution did not provide national protection on the institution of slavery? a. Frederick Douglass b. William Lloyd Garrison c. David Walker d. John C. Calhoun

a. Frederick Douglass

The ___ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement. a. Liberty Party b. North Star Party c. Republican Party d. Afro-American Party

a. Liberty Party

William Llyod Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called... a. The Liberator b. The Pursuit of Happiness c. The North Star d. Gideon's Treatment

a. The Liberator

At the end of their trek in the mid-1840s, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded... a. Nauvoo, Illinois b. Independence, Missouri c. Salt Lake City, Utah d. Fort Collins, Colorado

c. Salt Lake City, Utah

What were the Shakers? Describe four thing about the Shakers.

A group of religious communities; 1) they believed that God had a "dual" personality, both male and female 2) "virgin purity" formed a major pillar in the Shaker belief 3) believed in abandoning traditional family life 4) usually separated by sex

The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was?

David Walker

The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared Abby Kelley to whom? Why?

Eve, Deliah, and Helen of Troy; to depict Kelley as a woman of destruction

Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the US Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?

Frederick Douglas

Describe the biography of Margaret Fuller.

Fuller was educated at home, became part of New England's transcendentalist circle, edited the Dial, became a literary editor of the New York Tribune, and was the first women to achieve so important of a position in American Journalism

Where was New Harmony located?

Indiana

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglas?

It revealed the hypocrisy that proclaimed its belief in liberty yet daily committed "practices more shocking and more bloody" than any other country on Earth

The proliferation of new institutions such as poor houses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated what?

Liberation and social control of the reforms

By 1840, the temperance movement in the US had achieved what?

Lowered the amount of consumption of alcohol

What is the gag rule?

Prohibited the capital from considering antislavery petitions

The American Tract Society was focused on what issue?

Religion

What counter arguments did abolitionists use to challenge stereotypes about African-Americans?

That blacks formed a separate species

What did William Lloyd Garrison think should happen to the Union? Why?

That the North should abrogate the Constitution and dissolve the Union to end its complicity in the evil of slavery

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

That they were able to "cure" undesirable elements of society, where people's characters could be transformed

Describe four traits of the Mormon religious movement.

1) followed the Book of Mormon 2) refused to separate church and state 3) polygamy 4) sought to create a kingdom of God on Earth

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do what things?

1) restore equality to a fractured society by bringing children of all classes together in a common learning experience and equipping the less fortunate to advance in the social scale 2) equalize the conditions of men 3) reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed in instill the proper discipline 4) build character

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830's differ from earlier antislavery efforts?

By demanding immediate emancipation instead of a gradual one

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

By seizing the preamble and interpreting it as an attack on slavery

What were some of the unique beliefs regarding procreation?

Complex marriage and a committee that controlled which people were allowed to have children

What was the base document for the Declaration of Sentiments?

The Declaration of Independence

In what reform movements did women play a prominent role during the early mid-nineteenth century?

The Female Moral Reform Society, abolitionism, and women's rights

Common schools were more "common" in what region prior to the US Civil War?

The North

What was the "Freedom Journal"?

The first black newspaper

The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840 over what issue?

Women's rights and the role of women working in antislavery reforms

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments argued for what?

Women's suffrage and equality for women

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage? a. They seized on the preamble of the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery b. They cracked the Liberty Bell to signify that the bonds of liberty were breaking under the weight of slavery c. They reminded audiences constantly that the main issue the Sons of Liberty and similar groups had invokes was liberty d. They made a heroic figure of Crispus Attucks, the African-America who died at the Boston Massacre

a. They seized on the preamble of the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass? a. a hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery b. the ultimate celebration of freedom c. a beacon of hope that someday America would honor the claim that "all men are created equal" d. an opportunity for slaves to join in a mass rebellion against their masters

a. a hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837... a. convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties b. resulted from his leading an anti-abolitionist mob that attacked William Lloyd Garrison c. demonstrated that fugitive slaves like Lovejoy faced great dangers while escaping from "slave catchers" d. led Congress to adopt the gag rule in order to prevent the sort of heated arguments that caused his death

a. convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties

How did the abolitionists challenge stereotypes about African-Americans? a. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a seperate species b. presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers c. pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolt of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model of civilization d. making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday thought the North until the end of the Civil War

a. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a seperate species

The role of African Americans in the abolitionist movement... a. included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper b. showed that the movement was free from racism that characterized American society c. was limited because the American Anti-Slavery Society banned them from its board of directors d. grew over time until, by the 1850s, the movement was dominated by blacks

a. included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper

Utopian communties were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans... a. saw property as ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property b. feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities c. were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs d. supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle

a. saw property as ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America... a. was fundamentally a white society b. wanted what was in the best interest all the people c. provided opportunity for new land to those who desired it d. was a land of diversity and equality

a. was fundamentally a white society

The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women... a. were the Grimke sisters b. was Frederick Douglass c. was Susan B. Anthony d. were Henry and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

a. were the Grimke sisters

Who founded the shakers? a. Joseph Smith b. Ann Lee c. Louisa Alcott d. Robert Matthews

b. Mother Ann Lee

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts? a. Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well-known because more people were literate by the 1830s. b. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately c. The later movement banned participation by African Americans, because that feared their their involvement would cause a backlash d. The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside of the United States, which provided immensely popular with southern whites

b. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately

What was a "bloomer" in the 1850s? a. a new supporter of abolition b. a feminist style dress c. an agricultural reformer d. an advocate for free speech

b. a feminist style dress

Angelina and Sarah Grimke... a. supported Catharine Beecher's efforts to expand political and social rights for women b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women c. lectured publicly on slavery and women's rights for nearly a quarter century d. delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery

b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women

Abby Kelly... a. was one of the only female voices in the abolitionist movement b. demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth century reform movements c. was the first American woman to speak in public d. married a leading temperance advocate

b. demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth century reform movements

Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community... a. demonstrated that workers could function without discipline b. influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates c. popularized the abolitionist movement d. inspired the formation of more than a dozen offshoot communities by 1850

b. influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates

The gag rule... a. stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions c. denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex gatherings d. was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did that have a voice in politics

b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions

About ___ reform communties, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the firs half of the nineteenth century. a. 20 b. 50 c. 100 d. 200

c. 100

Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located? a. Brook Farm: Virginia b. Oneida: Massachusetts c. New Harmony: Indiana d. Modern Times: Tennessee

c. New Harmony: Indiana

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom? a. They did not even try, because they had not intention of enhancing personal freedom b. They claimed that genuine liberty meant allowing others to eliminate those problems that might threaten that liberty c. They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically d. They felt that eliminating temptations would lead to the natural liberty of Protestants had long considered crucial to maintaining a good society

c. They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically

What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson? a. Society in America b. Twelve Years a Slave c. Uncle Tom's Cabin d. Slavery as It Is

c. Uncle Tom's Cabin

The organized abolitionist movement spilt into two wings in the 1840s, largely over... a. whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery presidential candidate b. whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race events c. a dispute concerning the proper role of women antislavery work d. disagreements concerning the endorsement of colonization

c. a dispute concerning the proper role of women antislavery work

William Lloyd Garrison argued in "Thoughts on African Colonization" that... a. blacks could never fully achieve equality in America and would be happier in Africa b. because slaves were uneducated, it was necessary to educate them in America before sending them to Africa c. blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society d. colonization should be subsidized through a tax on cotton

c. blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the... a. immediate abolition of slavery b. better treatment for convicted criminals in jail c. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane d. right for women to vote in local school elections

c. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane

Common schools... a. had no connection to the emerging industrial economy b. suffered from opposition of labor unions that wanted children viable to work c. existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War d. proved to be as popular in the North as they were in the South

c. existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War

The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the... a. lengths to which the federal government would go to provide for the general well-being of its citizens b. power of the Democratic Party c. tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements d. expansion of liberty for those members of society who could not take care of themselves

c. tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements

According to the mid-nineteenth physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gladden,... a. there were no separate species of races b. skull sized were the same for all races, but intelligence differed c. there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees d. there was not yet enough scientific data to prove either the southern or the abolitionist points of view

c. there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees

Brook Farm... a. kept manual and intellectual labor strictly separate b. was modeled on the ideas of British reformer Robert Dale Owen c. was founded by New England transcendentalists d. received favorable publicity from a Nathaniel Hawthorne novel

c. was founded by New England transcendentalists and hoped to show that manual and intellectual labor could coexist harmoniously

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments... a. did not demand the voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on the issue b. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution c. was written primarily by the Grimke sisters d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women

d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women

The Oneida community... a. allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community b. banished any member who divulged any information about the community's sexual practices c. invented the concept of birth control in America d. controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce

d. controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had... a. virtually disappeared b. convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law c. made no measurable impact on Americans' drinking habits d. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol

d. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol

The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure receiving "liberty" and "justice" from... a. the Declaration of Independence b. the Constitution c. the Underground Railroad d. heaven

d. heaven

Burned-over districts were... a. areas in New York where slave had set fire b. in Louisiana, where slaves had burned cotton fields as a form of resistance c. in Kansas and Nebraska, where fighting broke out over issues of slavery d. in New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred

d. in New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred

The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa... a. received no support from southern slave holders b. was strongly endorsed by William Lloyd Garrison throughout his career c. led to the creation of the free African nation of Ghana in 1835 d. prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans

d. prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War... a. followed all of the laws by simply banned ownership of private property b. usually followed standard gender and marital relations c. made no effort to combat the growing disparity between rich and poor d. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis

d. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis

William Lloyd Garrison... a. secretly financed Nat Turner's Rebellion b. began publishing his newspaper in Richmond, Virginia, in 1831, but moved it to a friendlier territory two years later c. attracted little support from fellow abolitionists, but historians have discovered his importance d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery

d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums? a. that the persons entering these institutions would likely never leave them b. that they were not widely needed and not many were built c. that the persons in the facilities could be used as forced labor in factories d. that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

d. that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans? a. state and federal governments b. schools c. political parties d. voluntary associations

d. voluntary associations

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, ____ will occupy a large space in its pages." a. black abolitionists b. freed slaves c. white abolitionists d. women

d. women