Food science

gases dissolved in a liquid such as in a carbonated soda escape more quickly if the soda is ______

warm

listeria monacytogenes is a pathogen that grows at refrigerator temperatures. organisms that thrive at refrigerator temperatures are called ________.

psychrophiles

This symbol shows that a food has been irradiated. It appears either on the food label or on a sign nearby and is called ____.

radura

another name for whey is _____

serum protein

_____ is energy used by a body at rest to maintain automatic, life supporting processes

basal metabolism

As fat in walnuts oxidize, the walnuts _______.

become rancid

________ is cultivating a variety of plants and animals. it involves less reliance on a few food sources

biodiversity

to deactivate enzymes in fruits and vegetables prior to freezing, companies use a process called _______

blanching

Butter is an example of a(n) _______

both a and c

water that cannot be easily seperated in food is called ______?

bound water

the wheat kernel is made of three parts. this portion is rich in fiber and contains many b-vitamins as well as iron

bran

A water and salt mixture that contains large amounts of salt for pickle production is called a _________.

brine

____ are substances that help maintain the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution

buffers

______ increase the effectiveness of a cleaner in a food production facility by controlling properties of the cleaning solution that tend to reduce a surfactant's effectiveness

builders

_______ is the distinctive quality that comes from a food's unique blend of appearance, taste, odor, feel, and sound

flavor

MSG is an example of a ______. It is an additive that has little or no flavor itself but assists or boosts the primary flavor of a food to which it is added.

flavor enhancer

_____ is the addition of a nutrient to a food

fortification

A candy manufacturer needs to use a sugar that caramelizes at 110 degrees C instead of 170 degrees C for a new product. Which sugar should be used by the manufacturer?

fructose

the monosaccharide ______ is found in fruit

fructose

_____ is a protein madeby the body. it controls acid secretion

gastrin

mushrooms are high in ______ which makes them a natural version of MSG, contributing to the umami taste

glutamic acid

During bread-making production, water is mixed with flour to form _____ from wheat proteins.

gluten

in a _____ process, fat globules are reduced to a smaller, more equal, size and distributed evenly

homogenization

A student is making whipping cream and wants to see how the temperature of the cream affects the finished product. The temperature of the cream is an example of a(n) _______ variable.

independent

the amount of heat needed to either evaporate or condense a liquid is called the _______

latent heat of vaporization

a food scientist is designing a study to evaluate the effect of different lighting types on the quality characteristics of a ready to reheat and eat dinner sausage during 90 days of refrigerated shelf life display. the _____ is the independent variable in the study

lighting type

cherry pepsi is n example of a _______ it is a product that is similiar to the initial product but is a new flavor

line extension

Symptoms of this foodborne illness include fever, nausea, and vomiting. It primarily affects pregnant women and their fetuses. This pathogen is ______.

listeria monocytogenes

MAP is an acronym for _____ and used as a packaging technique.

modified atmosphere packaging

Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by ____________ that is a potential hazard in cereal grains.

molds

fatty acids with ____ have higher melting points

more carbons

this vitamin found in dry peas and beans, liver, and fish, is necessary for every living organism. it is crucial for the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and protein and is needed to form DNA. this vitamin is _______

niacin

_______ are foods that not only nourish us in the traditional sense but also provide some protective component that may help us to fight disease

nutraceuticals

An _______ is when two or more people get the same illness from consuming the same contaminated food or drink.

outbreak

______ is the spoilage of lipids or lipid material through the chemical bonding of oxygen to unsaturated sites of fatty acids

oxidative rancidity

the bright red color normally associated with fresh meat is called

oxymyoglobin

Papain is an enzyme from _____ that is used as a meat tenderizer.

papaya

_______ are organisms that derive nourishment and protection from other living organisms known as hosts. toxoplasma gondii is one such organism that causes many hospitalizations and deaths in the US

parasites

_______ is a heat treatment that destroys all pathogenic microorganisms in a food but does not destroy all spoilage microorganisms

pasteurization

which of the following is not an essential amino acid?

phenylthaline

if a consumer were to find a bone in their canned chicken noodle soup, this would be a _______ hazard

physical

Apples contain an enzyme called ___________ that will catalyze the formation of brown pigments on a peeled surface in the presence of air.

polyphenol oxidase

BSE in cattle is thought to be caused by a _____

prion

Insects are being explored to use as a sustainable alternative _____ source.

protein

Six essential nutrients are needed to keep the human body working well. This nutrient is often called the body's building block and aids in growth and healing after injuries.

proteins

when manufacturing baked goods, baking soda is used with an acid to prevent _____ from forming

sodium carbonate

Prolonged heating will not destroy the toxin produced by _______.

staphylococcus aureus

A pudding manufacturer discovered moisture on the pudding surface after holding the cooked pudding in reforge rated storage. This moisture is due to _______________________.

syneresis

When using a scale, this procedure is used to find the mass of a substance, but not its container.

taring

_______ is the ability of a test substance to induce birth defects or the development of malformed fetuses

teratogenicity

Through this process, matter and energy transfer between organisms as food. This process is called _________.

the food chain

Iron, copper, and zinc are all examples of ____________ used in food. They are needed in small amounts for many metabolic functions such as transport of oxygen in blood cells, red blood cell synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis.

trace minerals

lactic acid bacteria can be used in the production of all the following foods, except _____

vinegar

________ is a measurement of the degree of availability of water in food

water activity

_____ wheat is used to make pasta

durum

hands should be washed for at least _____ seconds before handling food

20 seconds

pH is an intrinsic factor of food and is measured on a scale that ranges from ________________.

0-14

it is estimated that _____ in _______ americans could get sick from food poisoning this year alone

1 in 6

A focus group is a group usually composed of "target" customers who evaluate product ideas or concepts. Focus groups usually contain ______ people and a group leader.

10-12

a food product developer was asked to develop a ready-to-eat cereal bar so the finished product would be 5 inches long, 2 inches wide, and 0.25 inches thick. Management wants the length dimension in metric values, so thi would be ______ cm

12.7

A dehydrated food should contain ______ percent of its original moisture

15-20

A company is producing ready-to-reheat-and-eat Beef Burritos to be sold at convenience stores. During production of the product, what is the minimum temperature that the ground beef must reach for safety? (assume no holding or rest time at the final end temperature)

160

Light cream or coffee cream contains _______ percent fat.

18-30

a gram of fat contains _____ calories

9

the fat soluble vitamins are _______

A, D, E, K

the _______ usually leads investigations of widespread foodborne illnesses that affect many states at once

CDC

the _____ required food manufacturers to provide easy to understand labeling of allergen ingredients on food packages

Food Allergen labeling and Consumer Protection Act

HARPC will be mandated for most FDA regulated products and is the outcome of the ________.

Food safety modernization act

This system that was developed for NASA is utilized by FSIS to prevent foodborne hazards. This system is?

HACCP

a lipoprotein is a large, complex molecule of lipids and protein, and it carries lipids in the blood. a high level of this particular lipoprotein indicate an increased risk of heart disease.

LDL

________ is a sheet containing information about the safe use of a chemical and the steps to take in case of an accident

MSDS

during a food chemical reaction ______

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

This agency is responsible for oversight of meat and poultry.

USDA FSIS

While having almost no mass, this particle determines whether a chemical reaction takes place.

electron

______ is how close a single measurement comes to the actual or true value of the quantity measured

accuracy

cottage cheese manufacture involves an ______ precipitation of casein

acid

Unshortened cakes depend on ______________ for leavening.

air beaten in egg foam

In this state of matter, molecules will speed up when heat energy is added.

all of the above

a safe way to defrost foods is:

all of the above

food that is not tightly packaged before being sold frozen can develop _____ during frozen storage

all of the above

silicon dioxide is a common food additive that serves as an _________

anticaking agent

BHA is used in food products as a(n) _______.

antioxidant

Fruit punch sold in a standup foil pouch at ambient temperature is processed using _______ which sterilizes the beverage by heat and then transfers the beverage to a sterilized container.

aseptic processing

the original for of this sweetener was not stable when heated. it is often used to sweeten soft drinks and was not used for baked goods or cooked products

aspartame

the chemical furmula C8H12N4O2 represents the chemical _____

caffeine

to measure product temperature after thermal processing, a food technologist would use a _____ thermoeter

calibrated

this foodnorne pathogen is the second most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the US it is associated with raw and undercooked poultry and untreated water

campylobacter

a product that has a claim on the label stating that it is low means a product ____

can be consumed often without exceeding the daily value for the nutrient

______ is the component in chili peppers that makes them hot

capsaicin

This is a potential defect in dehydration caused by temperatures that are too high. It results in a hard outer layer that traps moisture inside a product.

case-hardening

the USDA organic seal on a food product means it is _______

certified organic and has 95% or more organic content

antibiotics are an example of a ______ hazard in a food product

chemical

COP is an acronym used in the food plant sanitation industry and means _________.

cleaning out of place

This pathogen is commonly associated with canned foods. A can appearing puffy or bulging could be an indication that the can contains this harmful pathogen and should be discarded.

clostridium botulinum

which of the following is NOT an example of an emulsion?

cola

a protein that contains all the essential amino acids in food is called a _____ protein?

complete

an _______ is a substance made of two or more different elements chemically joined together

compound

a company manufactures pancakes that are sold in the freezer section of a reatail store. When the pancakes are formed y the company, they are poured onto a hot metal surface and heat is transferred by ________

conduction

Beating a raw egg changes the shape of the protein molecule without breaking peptide bonds, also known as _____.

denaturation

enzymes are important to the food industry for many reasons, and it is important to understand how certain conditions affect their activity. Which condition does not affect the activity of enzymes?

density