Forensic Science

Indirect and class

White cotton T-shirt fibers at a crime scene

In which court decision was it realized there needed to be a standard for admitting scientific evidence?

Frye standard

Valentin Ross

German Chemist, discovered a more precise method for detecting small amounts of arsenic.

What implies a fact without necessarily proving it?

Indirect evidence

What type of evidence puts most innocent people in jail?

Indirect evidence.

Evidence that is linked to a unique source

Individual evidence

Alphonse Bertillon

French Anthropologist, introduced the Bertillon system used various measurements of the body to identify people by their physical appearance.

Edmond Locard

French doctor/Criminologist, Locard's exchange principle, opened the very first crime laboratory in France.

Walter McCrone

American Chemist, Microscopy expert, examined the shroud of turin and the vinland map.

Han Gross

Austrian prosecutor and judge, published Criminal Investigation.

A crime scene investigator packages and record all data from evidence sample and then gives the sample to the delivery person. The delivery person takes the sample directly to the evidence room where the officer there records his own information. What protocol call has been broken?

Chain of custody

Based on suggestion, rather than personal knowledge or observation

Circumstantial evidence

The forensic problem that occurs if too bloody items are packaged together

Cross contamination

Indirect and individual evidence

DNA from blood at a crime scene

What court case helped set a federal rule of evidence, that all scientific procedures presented in court must be peer-reviewed and the rate of error discussed?

Daughbert ruling

What is the rate of error?

Daughbert ruling

Karl Landsteiner

Discovered ABO Blood typing

General acceptance of science

Frye standard

Direct evidence only

Eyewitness testimony

An officer is arresting someone and I'm in a legal drug in his pocket. This evidence cannot be used in court because the officer did not have a warrant.

False

Any important eye witness is allowed to repeat in court with someone else told him.

False

Murder suspect is found innocent of killing his wife. Two years later, police officers find her DNA from blood in the trunk of his car the prosecution can proceed with a new case.

False

The owner of a house agrees to let his home be searched for a specific gun, but nothing is found. Two months later, police search his home without a warrant and find the gun. The gun cannot be admitted because it was an illegal search.

False

When a forensic scientist analyzes evidence from any case, the case is very likely to be tried in court.

False

Mathieu Orfilla

Father of Forensic Toxicology, published the first scientific treatise on the detection of poisons.

Where is it found legally that the only type of witness that can give opinions is an expert witness?

Federal rule number 702

Prevents double jeopardy

Fifth amendment

Protects against illegal search and seizure

Fourth amendment

Direct and individual evidence

Highest probative value

The relevance and ability of evidence to prove a crime (in a court of law) is its

Probative value

Albert Osborn

Published Questioned Documents

A type of sample that is collected from the suspect to be compared to evidence from the crime scene

Reference control

James Marsh

Scottish Chemist, the first to testify in a criminal trail on the detection of Arsenic in a victim's body.

Allows witnesses in court

Sixth amendment

What type of control is collected from an area close to where evidence is to ensure that any reaction comes from the evidence, but not the surface the evidence was on?

Substrate control

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Swedish chemist, Devised the test for detecting the poison Arsenic in corpses.

Testimonial evidence is not reliable if

The witness has already identified another suspect.

Direct and class evidence

Tobacco in the pocket of a minor

An officer knocks on the door to question a suspect, then the officer races upstairs to stop the destruction of drug evidence because he hears the toilet flushing. This drug evidence can be admitted in court, even without a warrant.

True

In most of the courtroom research, eye witness testimony has just as much or more influence over a jury when compared to forensic physical evidence.

True

The jury is very confused on the testing of some DNA evidence. The prosecution could blame this on a direct evidence presented by the expert witness.

True

To calculate the chances of an event, you multiply the frequencies the event occurs in a population.

True

Walking up the sidewalk to a business in question, a detective finds marked money from a recent bank robbery. This evidence is admissible in court.

True