Fox pages: 105-141

A /y/ phoneme precedes the /oo/ phoneme in cube. This long vowel sound is, therefore, represented by (yōō, ōō). The sound that the u represents in tune (is, is not) preceded by /y/. We would expect this sound to be represented by a(n) (yōō, ōō).

(a) yōō (b) is not (c) ōō

We are recognizing (#) diphthongs. each has (#) spellings. The key symbol for each dipthong is composed of (#) letters with (#) diacritical marks. These letters will be either (ou, ow) or (oi, oy) because they are key symbols,

2, 2, 2, 0, ou, oi

Me, BE long, MA please, so The words and the underlines syllables have the vowel consonant vowels of ---. Each of the above words and underlined syllables is a(n) (open or closed) syllable.

CV open

Identify the silent letter and mark the vowel of these words: dine, hope, face, ride, cube, home. All the above have the vowel-consonant ending pattern....

Dīn , hōp , fāc , rīd , cūb , hōm VCe

An open syllable ends with a vowel phoneme. Capitalize the open syllables of the words: go ,so lo, pine, me, con vine, fe ver, ti ger, pa per

GO , SO LO, ME, FE ver, TI ger, PA per

Underline the syllables that follow this generalization: no , la ' va , to , she

LA , TO

Study these words: hel LO, bE, mE ter, pI lot The capitalized vowel represents their (long, short) sounds

Long

Indicate the vowel that represent their long sounds by placing macrons above them.

Nāme, thēse, cūte, bōne, tōe, pīne

the key symbol for the vowel phoneme heard in clown is ------. Rewrite clown to show its pronunciation ------

Ou kloun

We expect that single vowels in closed syllables the VC patter will usually represent (long, short) sounds. Do these words: sight, high, right, sigh; follow the closed syllable generalization? ---- The i represents the (long, short) sound and the gh is ---- in such words.

Short No long, silent

Since ph represents a single consonant phoneme, the nonsense word Sophie has an ending pattern ......

VCe

time and plate have the ending pattern .... Does this generalization apply to them? .....

VCe yes

Write the generalization concerning vowel sounds illustrated by these words: ate, game, ice.

When a one-syllable words has two vowels, one of which is the final e, the e is silent and the first vowel usually represents its long sound.

Although the a in about and the ----- in soda are single vowel letters in (closed, open) syllables, they do not represent long sounds.

a open

State the generalization that concerns a single vowel in an open accented syllable

a single vowel in an open accented syllable often represents its long sound

In the words below identify the key symbol ä and include silent letters that can be considered part of the grapheme

a, al, ea, e, aa

the letters that represent the "uh" sound in the words at the bottom are ----,----, -----, ----, and -----. comma, chicken, family, melon, circus

a, e, I ,o ,u

The previous frames in this section contain examples of the five vowels, -----, -----, ------, -------, and ------, in which they represent their long sounds.

a, e, i ,o ,u

If the vowel in the VC pattern is a, then we would expect a to represent the same sound as the vowel phoneme heard in (said, car, ball, apple, date, saw)

apple

the sh and the constant w form a (digraph, blend). The a represents an "ah" sound

blend

Rewrite the word to show the pronunciations of the consonants and of the vowels representing the long sound by pass , cy press, py then

bī pas, sī pres, pī thon

Rewrite these words and use the key symbol we associate with each vowel and constant phoneme: by, my, why, fly, cry in each instance, the y represents the phoneme we associate with the key symbol ----- The vowel consonant patter for these words is -----.

bī, mī whī, flī , krī ī CV

The five long vowel phonemes are represented by the key symbols ā, ē, ī, ō, ū. now from this list select which goes with which key symbol. be, up, cake, home, huge, time, run

cake (ā) be (ē) time (ī) home (ō) huge (ū)

Syllables with the VC pattern, such as ant, are (closed, open) syllables. Syllables that have the CV pattern such as be, are (closed, open) syllables. An open syllables ends with a vowel (phoneme, letter).

closed, open, phoneme

Check the words in the following set that do not follow the generalization (is the final e silent? does the first vowel "say its own name?) come, place, these, some, there, late, clothe, same

come, some, there

Say oil, the word oil is composed of two phonemes: one vowel and one ----. They are represented by the grapheme oi and ----

consonant, l

we have noted that when we see a word or an accented syllable with the pattern of a single vowel followed by a single ----- and final e, the single vowel is likely to represent its ---- sound. The vowel consonant ending pattern we expect to see is ----.

consonant, long, VCe

The first syllable of convene ends with a ---- phoneme. The second syllable of convene is not an open syllable because it does not end with a vowel (letter, phoneme). The last letter is a vowel, but it is ----.

consonant, phoneme, silent

what word does not contain an r-controlled vowel ? chorus, score, shark, porch, border, crank

crank

The y would represent the sound of the long i in (cry, happy) and the long e in (my , lucky).

cry , lucky

Mark the vowel in the last syllable of each word concise, mistake, native, compose, stampede, admire

cīse, tāke, tIve, pōse, pēde, mīre

write the words below to show pronunciation and omit silent letters. Dance, ride, safe, bridge, cake, fence We can see that in one syllable words that end with the patterns on VCe, the first vowel is usually .....; in one syllable words that end with the pattern of VCCe, the first vowel is usually ....... The final e in both patterns (VCe and VCCe) is usually .....

dAns, rīd, sāf, brIj, kāk, fEns long, short, silent

Study the words below and indicate the vowels that represent the long sound by using the macron, write the ending pattern. dance, paste, fence, waste, rinse

dance VCCe, pāste VCCe, fence VCCe, wāste VCCe, rinse VCCe

A study of phonetics would show that many single letter vowels are actually diphthongs. they represent more than a single sound. we will call only the two letter gliding combinations -----.

dipthongs

Our decision is to consider that few = fū so we will not call ew a -----

dipthongs

We can see from words cut and cute that the silent -- at the end off a word has a purpose. It changes the meaning of the word, as well as the ---- of the word.

e pronunciation

when one syllable word has two vowels, one of which is a final ....., the .... is silent and the first vowel usually represents its .... sound

e, e, long

Your teachers' manual may indicate five r-controlled vowels: ar as in farm, the ----- as in her, the ---- as in stir, the --- as in short, and the ---- as in fur. Write there words using key symbols to show pronunciation farm, her, stir, shore, fur. The five r-controlled vowels represent only (#) pronunciations. For our study we acknowledge that âr, key word ----, is an r0controlled vowel.

er, ir, or, ur, färm, hûrm stûr, shôr, fûr, three, care

Arrange the words into two columns (1) in which the ending pattern VCe is of value in determining the pronunciation of the vowel and (2) those in which the ending pattern VCe does not help determine the pronunciation of the vowel words: stove, cone, come, one, throne, none, globe, some

follow: stove, cone, throne, globe not follow: come, one, none, some

Place a macron above each vowel that represents the long sound: fa vor, is lent, to tal, hu man A single vowel in an ---- accented syllable often represents its ---- sound. The vowel consonant pattern for an open syllable is ----.

fā vor, hē, sī lent, tō tal, hū man open long CV

Dictonaries reveal anywhere from 3 to 11 different ---- that represents this phoneme

graphemes

the pronunciation of the schwa is shown by the sign ----.

inverted e

Study these words: draw, saw, late, fall, small, shawl Which word does not belong in this list? --- Do any of the others represent the long or short vowel of a?---- Does the a followed by l represent the same sound as a followed by w? ---

late, no, yes

When i or o is followed by ---- the vowel usually represents the long sound.

ld

A single vowel in an open accented syllable usually represents its ---- sound.

long

We have identified five vowel phonemes that represent the ... sounds of the letters. Place a macron above the vowels selected that follow the generalization above rattle, one, role, piece, make, scene, come, price, cube, dance

long rōle, māke, scēne, prīce, cūbe

When y is the final letter of a two syllable word, it represents the ----- sound of ------.

long , e

We expect the first vowel grapheme in the ending pattern VCe to represent its ---- sound and the final e to be ---

long, silent

Consider these words: so' lo , ha' lo Two syllables from these words that illustrate this are --- from solo and ----- from halo. Mark the vowels

lō lō

words for this section: apron, eraser, ice, overalls, and unicorn. The sound represented by the vowel is the same as the ......... of the vowel. Pronounce the rest of the key words (3), vowel phonemes (2), and letter names (1) the same way.

name

The ---- and the -----, then represent 2 of the 44 speech sounds in our language . A dipthong begins with one vowel phoneme and then changes into another phoneme. For simplicity and for out purposes in the teaching of reading we will consider the diphthongs to be represented by the graphemes --- as in oil and ---- in house

oi, ou, oi, ou

Capitalize the dipthongs in the following words powder, proud, course, how, soil, courage, gracious

pOWder, prOUd, hOW, sOIl

"Macron" contains the word element macro, which means "long" or "great."It has been the custom, in phonics, to call the vowel sound whose key symbol is a macron over the vowel letter a long vowel sound. Therefore, we would say the I in (pin, pine) represents a long vowel sound.

pine

A vowel (precede, follows) the letter r in the words: car, serve, curl, first, corn, hair.

precedes

A vowel in an unaccented syllable could reasonably be expected to represent the sound we associate with the short I, or with the ---. the inverted e. would identify the vowel phoneme in the last syllable of (sofa, remit, require, insect)

schwa sofa

Thus far. we have identified 11 vowel phonemes using one 5 vowel letters and a ------. We can readily tell which (letter, phoneme) is represented when diacritical marks are used.

schwa, phoneme

the phoneme that we associate with eh key symbol û may be represented by (only one, several different) grapheme(s), Its key word is fur.

several different

If the first vowel grapheme in the VCe pattern is an o, then we would expect o to represent the same vowel phonemes that heard in (done, gone, boy, sew)

sew

These words are written to show their pronunciation what are these words? shôl , smôl, fôls, drôn

shawl, small, false, drawn

The ous ending as in gracious is more likely to represent the phonemes we associate with the key symbols (long, short) u and s than with the dipthong ou and the s.

short

We expect the vowel letter in the pattern VC to represent its ---- sound

short

Say the words below: car, serve, curl ,first, corn, hair The vowel sounds are neither long nor ----. they are almost lost in. the consonant letter ------.

short r

All the vowels in the words below represent the --- sound. Add a silent e to the end of each word to see what happens pin, rat, kit, hat, cut, strip, pal, at the vowel now represent their --- sounds.

short pine, rate, kite, hate, cute, stripe, pale, ate long

The first vowel in decay represents the ---- phoneme.

short i

Which words have the r-controlled ô? short, shot, pot, port, spot, tom the r-controlled vowel in these words consists of the letter --- followed by the letter ----. Write or to show pronunciation ----

short, port, torn o , e, ôr

Study these words capitalize single vowels in the open syllables. Place macrons above those vowels: she, be long , di graph , ha lo , hel lo , do

shĒ , bĒ long, dĪ graph, hĀ lŌ , dO

the key symbol we use to identify the vowel sound heard ni food is ōō. this is a ---- letter vowel grapheme representing a single phoneme. we call it a vowel -----.

two digraph

the second category of phonemes represented by two letter vowel is that of the vowel digraph. a digraph is a ---- letter grapheme that represents ----- phoneme(s).

two one

place a macron above each of the vowels that represents a long sound in these words. be sure the vowel "says its own name." take, go, many, fine, once, all, be, same.

tāke, gō, fīne, bē, sāme

Almost all vowels in (accented, unaccented) syllables represent one of these two short, soft sounds

unaccented

The i would identify the vowel phonemes in the last syllable of (candy, program, village hotel.) The inverted e would identify the last syllable of (pilot, locate, liquid, railroad)

village, pilot

We have learned that the vowel w always appears with another ----. Therefore, there would be no instances in which we could apply the single vowel open syllable generalization to the w.

vowel

Do these words have the same vowel phoneme? chair, share, their, there, bear, prayer in these examples, one vowel phoneme is represented by (#) of graphemes

yes , six

Is the first syllable of fe ver an open syllable? ----- What key symbol represents the final phoneme of the first syllable? --- The first syllable in fe ver has the vowel-consonant pattern of -----. Is the second syllable an open syllable? ------ What key symbol represents the final phoneme? ----

yes, ē, CV, no, r

Words: arm, calm, hearth, sergeant, bazaar Now pronounce each word so you can hear the phoneme we represent by the key symbol ---- in each one.

ä

the key symbol for a in apron is ā. what are the key symbols for eraser, ice, overalls, and unicorn.

ē, ī, ō, ū