FRSC-309 Mid Term

It is often for the crime scene team after assessment of the initial scene boundary assessment to change the boundaries.

True, Yes, most often expanding them for the possibility of evidence protection not considered by first officer.

Three camera control issues that Gardner describes in this chapter and create poor photographs these are:

physical control, light, focus and depth of field

Which is the least used search pattern?

point to point

In _____________________ a sighting device is used to measure the angular direction of the evidence from the datum point.

polar coordinate

In Gardner's way of documenting overall observations he talks about an eight-step descriptive set. Which of the following is not in his list of eight?

smell

Which technique does Gardner endorse associated with retrieving latents from human skin?

Adding Machine Paper Technique

The best way to create a crime scene report for any complex scene is to organized the report into sections that deal with specific issues. Which section below deals with cleanliness, level of disarray, and descriptions of the evidence?

Condition of scene

This is a fingerprinting technique invented by the Japanese in the 1970s. It is a fuming technique that stabilizes the print and then it can be dyed using rhodamine 6G, Androx, or basic yellow dyes.

Cyanoacrylate

If the patrol officer is the first responder he/she should never take any photographs of the scene because that is not his/her job.

False (Most officers are assigned a camera and if the situation allows should indeed snap a few photographs prior to EMS intervention if possible.)

What subsection of crime scene reports is intended to identify who worked the scene examination, where the scene was, and what time/date of the examination was?

Introduction

Who is considered to be the father of the modern crime laboratory?

Locard

This type of print is visible, they result from friction ridge surfaces that were contaminated in some fashion into contact with another surface.

Patent

Gardner recommends this process when the surface you are trying to fingerprint is porous and wet.

Seize, dry, physical developer

Which range of the electromagnetic spectrum destroys DNA?

Shortwave UV

The technician should create close ups both with and without a scale for reference. Lawyers have argued that placing a scale in the scene somehow materially altered the essence of the photograph hiding critical evidence.

True

The ability of an initial responding officer to delineate who said what and at what point they said it can be critical when investigators are evaluating who actually know what and when.

True (It is always a good idea to lock witnesses into their story as early as possible.)

Cyanoacrylate fuming can expose the technician to irritants when used in unventilated areas.

True, Caution must be present when using superglue and iodine. One must protect oneself.

When should the initial responding officer start considering personal safety when dealing with a call for service?

before scene

The type of characteristics of evidence that allows it to be compared to only a group. This evidence is very good at eliminating a contributor to a crime scene.

class characteristics

What is the instrument that detects indented writings?

electrostatic detection apparatus

Which of the following is not one of the five basic elements of a sketch?

notes

three phase of a crime scene search

- initial phase - collection phase - final phase

Which filter keeps original wavelength from passing but allows fluorescence energy to pass and be seen?

Barrier

Who found the mechanism of mapping variable regions of the DNA molecule?

Jefferys

The most intrusive action of the "basic actions of scene processing is which of the six?

Processing/Analyzing

The technician's narrative scene descriptions should be all of the following except:

Subjective perception based on experience and training

forensic linkage triangle

scene - top subjects- left victims - right evidence - middle

The initial officer interview by the crime scene investigator is very important. In this interview several things must be covered. Which below best describes "Scope and Nature"?

specific boundaries and reasons why areas were included and impressions of the nature of the crime

Which is the preferred method for locating fingerprints from paper products?

Ninhydrin

Glass is a valuable trace evidence item. Generally, labs effort is directed into one of three basic determinations. Which below is not one of them?

color

Which fingerprint pattern type is the most popular at 65% of all pattens?

loop

The purpose of these photographs is to depict the general conditions and layout of the scene.

overall

There are two types of evidence in any investigation they are:

testimonial and physical

What is the purpose of processing the crime scene?

to collect as much information and evidence as possible in as pristine a condition as possible

The Forensic Science Academy and Gardner have differences associated with how we describe environmental conditions when noting surroundings. Which one below is how he describes this section of his report?

Weather conditions

The vast majority of crime scene sketches are produced:

birds eye view

The purpose of the criminal investigation still remains first and foremost a....

search for truth

Elevation sketch is a sketch done where the elevation is above 1000 feet above sea level

False, No it is a drawing depicting a side view of some portion of the scene, typically a vertical cabinet or a wall.

Which problem is not listed by Gardner in crime scene photography?

duplication problems

Procedure for documenting bloodstain scenes through a systematic process created by Toby Wolson.

road mapping

The Virginia model has three phases as you have seen during lecture. The collection of evidence occurs mostly in the collection phase but what step in Gardner's model does the collection of evidence occur?

10

Ross Gardner used the USACIDC processing model when he was an Army Investigator. How many steps does this model have?

17

Which f-stop on the camera lens allows for the best depth of field below?

22

How many "recheck" steps in the Gardner model are there?

3

The visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum is what range of nm?

400-700

The footwear impression collection technique that charges a mylar type film to produce a static charge....

Electrostatic Dust Lift

What is often used in lieu of other documents to show where all items of evidence were located in the scene and by whom?

Evidence log

At any crime scene, the technician will apply the following actions to any evidence found there: Assessing Observing Documenting Collecting Processing Which action is missing?

Searching

The standard broadband filter that is a standard blue light associated with ALS has a 390-520nm range.

True

How complex is the scene? How can risks be mitigated if present? These are questions one must ask one's self in the _________ part of the basic activities of scene processing.

assessing

There are several methods for crime scene mapping. This coordinate technique requires a placement of a measuring tape in a straight line from some reference point, the 0.0 would be identified as a datum.

baseline

An investigator must understand the evidence's ______________ value to understand how the incident took place. Merely owning the pieces of the puzzle is not enough. Individual facts do not solve a case.

contextual

Nature of the ground being searched, lighting conditions, on scene environmental conditions, size of the items searched for are all examples of:

crime scene search considerations

Who does the initial officer release responsibility of the scene once they arrive?

crime scene technician or detective

This sketch combines the standard bird's eye view along with the vertical surfaces such as the walls laying flat.

cross projection or exploded

This type of photograph includes landmarks and a recognizable view of the scene and it orients the evidence to the scene.

evidence establishing

When considering the context of evidence, Rynearson and Chisum classified contextual value into "types of effects". When you at the crime scene are trying to determine if a lock of a window actually works it falls into this effect catagory.

functional

Characteristics of evidence at a crime scene that are considered unique. These can include wear marks in footwear or a fingerprint with several points of comparison.

individual characteristics

Gardner states that ballistic evidence should be packaged ________________ to prevent confusion of where it was collected and to prevent the damage of microscopic markings.

individually

Why is the order or sequence of the scene process so important?

it is a one-shot operation

What are the three components of a firearm discharge that is present in what Gardner calls GSR, which our lab refers to as just PR?

lead, barium, antimony

Which element area is where you will find the labels used in the diagram that reduce clutter in the diagram itself?

legend

What is the type of DNA that can be found in bone and hair of a body exposed to the elements with no soft tissue left that can be compared to the DNA of the maternal line of related individuals?

mitochondrial

What are the four key elements of crime scene documentation?

notes, photography, sketches, reports

The main difference between the strip and line search method is:

number of searchers

Good quality photographs at a crime scene require:

physical control of camera, proper use of camera controls, proper composition

Which one of the following areas should not be brought under control when establishing the initial perimeter of the crime scene?

secondary focal points

As a crime scene investigator in order to function along side others in the investigation there are a set of "rules" and "customs" that are followed. Responsibilities are outlined for each person in the investigaition.

standard operating procedures

There are different ways to alter a scene after the incident took place, Gardner calls this scene integrity issues. Which one below is not what he identifies as such.

subtraction of materials

What are the systems that combine transits, lasers, and computer technology to create accurate scaled drawings?

total station

Gardner's definition of this technique requires a total of four straight line measurements from two distinct landmarks in the room to two distinct points on the article.

triangulation

Sometimes you have to do a combination of two techniques for mapping a crime scene. In situations involving exterior crime scenes where the field of evidence is not too widely scattered but where there are no adequate landmarks.

triangulation on a baseline