Fundamentals of Drawing: Midterm test (Second quarterly test)

Horizon line

is on the same plane as eye-level

Stipple

making dots to fill in an area (with pencil, pen, markers, etc.)

Hue

name of color (such as "Red" or "brown")

Warm colors

Red, orange, yellow (think of fire, heat, desert)

Primary Colors

Red, yellow, blue (cannot be mixed from other colors to get those three (primary = 1)

Tertiary colors

Red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-violet, red-violet (a primary mixed with a secondary) (primary + secondary is like 1 +2 = 3)

Organic Shapes

Shapes found in the natural world (shells, leaves, clouds, bodies)

Shape

An element of art that is two-dimensional, or limited to height and width.

Texture

An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

Principles of Design

Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety: the means an artist uses to organize elements with a work of art.

Complementary

Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel

Value

Hues's lightness and darkness (a color's value changes when white or black is added)

Value

The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

One-Point perspective

You can observe: Vanishing point, Horizon line, Horizontal and vertical lines, side, face, and orthogonal lines

Tint

a light version of a color that has been lightened with white (pink rather than red)

Dimension

a measurement in width, height, or depth, or anything larger than a single point

Rhythm

a principle of design that indicates movement, created by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat.

Line

an element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

Form

an element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width And depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

Perspective

the fact that objects become smaller and/or less visible in the distance

Face

the front of a cube shown in perspective

Composition

the layout or arrangement of elements in a drasign, painting, or poster

Positive Space

the main elements of drawing, painting, or poster

Foreground

the objects in a drawing that are closest to the viewer

Background

the objects in a drawing that are farthest from the viewer

Middle Ground

the objects in a drawing that are in-between the foreground and the bacground

Line

the path that a point takes (can be straight, curved, or bent)

Vanishing Point

the point where parallel lines seem to meet in the distance (like train tracks)

Side

the side of a cube shown in perspective

Negative Space

the unfilled areas that surround the main elements of the picture

Color Wheel

twelve colors that span the rainbow, one flowing into the next

Shape

two-dimensional (width and height) such as a rectangle)

Cool colors

violet, blue, green (think of ice, winter, water/pond), evergreen trees

Shade

A dark version of a color that has been darkened with black or brown (brick red rather than bright red)

Variety

A principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. Variety is achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.

Proportion

A principle of design that refers to the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other.

Movement

A principle of design used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eye throughout the work of art.

Color Theory

A systematic way of organizing colors and understanding how to mix colors.

Gradation

A way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements. (large shapes to small shapes, dark hue to light hue, etc).

Balance

A way of combining elements of add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Major types are symmetrical and asymmetrical.

Emphasis (contrast)

A way of combining elements to stress the differences between those elements.

Harmony

A way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their similarities ( achieved through use of repetitions and subtle gradual changes)

Space

An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

Color

An element of art made up of three properties: Hue, value, and intensity.

Atmospheric perspective

In landscapes paintings and real-life distance, the way thins in the distance seem cloudy or more blue or light due to atmospheric particles diluting their visibility

Perpendicular lines

Lines that cross and form right angles ( as in the letters T and L)

Parallel lines

Lines that travel exactly along side each other (like this: ====== or II )

One-Point Perspective

One point perspective occurs when rectangular forms are place so that their sides are either parallel to the picture plane or perpendicular to it. (there is one central vanishing point in one-point perspective.

Point

One spot or location that has not depth

Secondary colors

Orange, green, violet ( mixed with two primary colors 1 + 1 = 2)

Linear perspective

Orthogonal lines that converge to a vanishing point

Elements of art

The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value.

Form

Three-dimensional (width and height and depth) such as a cube

Cross-Hatching

criss-crossed lines going in the same direction (done in pencil, pen, or other drawing materials)

Contour

drawing the outlines of a form without shading.

Texture

drawing the way a surface looks or feels (furry, shiny, bumpy, etc.)

Contrast

drawing with opposites such as black and white or large and small to show emphasis

Neutrals (tans)

grays, and browns, made by mixing multiple colors

Monochromatic

one color plus tints and shades of that color (blue, baby blue, and navy blue) that can either describe a color palette or an entire picture made from various tones of that color

Intensity:

quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright, such as fire engine red; low intensity = color is faint and dull, such as brick red)

Hatching

single repeated lines going in the same direction (done in pencil, pen, or other drawing materials)

Shade value

smoothly filling in an area with different values (degrees of darkness) with a pencil

Geometric Shapes

standard shapes (squares, triangles, circles, etc) generally man-made

Orthogonal lines

the converging angled lines that show cubes heading toward the vanishing point