Fundamentals of Public Speaking Midterm

True or False: Attitudes run deeper than values or beliefs and are more resistant to change.

False

True or False: Pandering to an audience, or adjusting your speech to cater to their whims, results in undermining your own credibility in the view of that audience.

True

True or False: the explicit aim of audience analysis is to prepare your speech in ways that will be meaningful to the audience.

True

According to your textbook, which of the following is a guideline for preparing a preliminary bibliography? Select one: a. Write a brief note on why the source may be valuable for your speech. b. Include only those sources that you are certain to use in your speech. c. Try to get as many sources as possible on each index card or sheet of paper. d. all of the above e. b and c only

a. Write a brief note on why the source may be valuable for your speech

Which of the following is out of place in a speech to inform? a. advocating b. explaining c. reporting d. demonstrating e. telling

a. advocating

Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country, is an example of Select one: a. antithesis. b. simile. c. metaphor. d. imagery. e. illustration.

a. antithesis

As a speaker, you would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to Select one: a. arouse an emotional response. b. appear as impartial as possible. c. explain a technical concept. d. enhance your credibility. e. exploit the rhythm of language.

a. arouse an emotional response

According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved? Select one: a. critical b. reflective c. evaluative d. empathic e. comprehensive

a. critical

Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a public speech? Select one: a. gently making fun of common human quirks b. using obscenity or off-color language c. characterizing groups with negative stereotypes d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both gently making fun of common human quirks and using obscenity or off-color language

a. gently making fun of common human quirks

As Jenell listened to her classmate's speech explaining the differences between collision insurance and comprehensive insurance, it reminded her that she needed to pay her insurance bill before the end of the day. Then, rather than listening to the speaker, she started thinking about all the other things she had to do that day. According to your textbook, the primary cause of Jenell's poor listening is Select one: a. not concentrating b. focusing on the speech topic c. being distracted by external interference d. personalizing the topic e. listening too hard

a. not concentrating

Irving is introducing the guest speaker for an annual fundraising event and knows the best way to create a sense of anticipation and drama in his speech of introduction is to Select one: a. save the name of the guest speaker for last b. tell the audience that the guest speaker is an excellent orator c. use PowerPoint to explain the guest speaker's accomplishments d. all of the above e. a and c only

a. save the name of the guest speaker for last

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the anatomy of the human ear arranged in _______ order: The outer ear includes the ear flap and the ear canal, the middle ear includes the eardrum and three tiny, interconnected bones, the inner ear includes the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve. Select one: a. spatial b. descending c. chronological d. ascending e. topical

a. spatial

According to your textbook, saying Feb-u-ary instead of Feb-ru-ary is an error in Select one: a. articulation. b. pronunciation. c. description. d. intonation. e. inflection.

b. pronunciation

If your specific purpose statement were, To inform my audience how to make authentic South American empanadas, you would probably organize your speech in _________ order. Select one: a. illustrative b. chronological c. spatial d. comparative e. causal

b. chronological

As your textbook explains, virtual libraries are valuable for speech research because they Select one: a. focus attention on factual material such as statistics. b. contain higher quality information than do regular search engines. c. allow a researcher to locate more sources than do regular search engines. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

b. contain higher quality information than do regular search engines

In the introduction of her speech on bike paths, Shannon mentioned her involvement with a local cycling club and her work on a grant requesting state funding for a local bike trail. By sharing this information with her audience, Shannon was seeking to accomplish which goal of a speech introduction? Select one: a. gain attention b. establish credibility c. preview the body of the speech d. relate to the audience e. reveal the topic

b. establish credibility

When preparing an introduction for a speech to a hostile audience, you should be especially careful to Select one: a. preview the body of the speech. b. establish credibility and goodwill. c. state the importance of the topic. d. use statistics in the introduction. e. arouse the curiosity of the audience.

b. establish credibility and goodwill

According to your textbook, when you use statistics in a speech, you should Select one: a. use as many statistics as possible. b. explain the statistics to the audience. c. use exact figures instead of rounding off. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

b. explain the statistics to the audience

While Amy is listening to evidence during a speech on genetically modified foods, she should be asking Select one: a. Is the evidence from objective sources b. Is the evidence consistent with the speaker's delivery c. Is the evidence relevant to the speaker's claims d. all of the above e. a and c only

b. is the evidence consistent with the speaker's delivery

As explained in your textbook, To inform my audience how to make genuine French croissants, is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a or an Select one: a. object. b. process. c. function. d. procedure. e. concept.

b. process

Paul began his speech as follows: They called Lou Gehrig the iron horse. This tireless worker played an astounding 2,130 consecutive baseball games even though he suffered 17 hand fractures during those years. This would be like one of us never missing a day of school for over 13 years. Can you imagine completing kindergarten through your senior year with perfect attendance? Never taking a sick day, never a college visit day, or even senior skip day. And, to match Gehrig, you would also have to end your school career with an A average. What method for gaining attention and interest did Paul use? Select one: a. revealing the general purpose b. relating the topic to the audience c. previewing the body of the speech d. stating the importance of the topic e. summarizing the central idea

b. relating the topic to the audience

If your specific purpose statement were, To inform my audience about the three major types of pet lizards, you would probably organize your speech in __________ order. Select one: a. spatial b. topical c. chronological d. comparative e. causal

b. topical

Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in __________ order. Select one: a. chronological b. topical c. spatial d. causal e. illustrative

b. topical

According to your textbook, a common mistake students make when developing their first speech is Select one: a. using PowerPoint improperly. b. trying to cover too much material. c. not doing enough library research. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

b. trying to cover too much material

Your textbook recommends that when you develop your first speech, you should look for ways to Select one: a. make the speech mysterious or suspenseful. b. use colorful, descriptive language. c. be creative in structuring your information. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

b. use colorful, descriptive language

Although most people speak at a rate of 120 to 150 words a minute, the brain can process words at a rate of Select one: a. 100 to 200 words a minute. b. 200 to 400 words a minute. c. 400 to 800 words a minute. d. 600 to 900 words a minute. e. 1000 to 1200 words a minute.

c. 400 to 800 words a minute

Which of the following is not one of the audience perspective measurements mentioned in the reading? a. Attitudes b. Beliefs c. Culture d. Values

c. Culture

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point? Select one: a. One example of this kind of phobia is the child who is bitten by a dog and who re-mains fearful of dogs thereafter. b. Most phobias begin in childhood, usually after a frightening experience. c. Phobias can develop either in childhood or adulthood. d. Another example is the child who develops a fear of heights after falling off a ladder. e. Some phobias seem to develop suddenly in adulthood without any apparent cause.

c. Phobias can develop either in childhood or adulthood.

For her first speech, Rebekah plans to explain her interest in dance beginning with her childhood and continuing through her days in high school. Which pattern of organization discussed in your textbook will she use in her speech? Select one: a. Topical b. Artistic c. Chronological d. Kinetic e. Functional

c. chronological

Sheila had been making pottery for several years, so in her informative speech, she gave a presentation with the following main points arranged in _______ order: The first step in making pottery is preparing the clay, the second step in making pottery is shaping the clay, the third step in making pottery is decorating and glazing the clay, the fourth step in making pottery is firing the finished product. Select one: a. ascending b. process c. chronological d. descending e. topical

c. chronological

To inform my audience about the different theories of intellectual property in Eastern and Western cultures, is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a or an Select one: a. object. b. event. c. concept. d. operation. e. process.

c. concept

As your textbook explains, __________ meaning gives words their emotional power. Select one: a. logical b. definitional c. connotative d. denotative e. ethical

c. connotative

According to your textbook, a speaking outline Select one: a. includes the bibliography. b. states the specific purpose at the start of the outline. c. contains delivery cues for the speaker. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

c. contains delivery cues for the speaker

John's mother is from England and calls oregano a herb, but his father is from the US and calls it an erb, According to your textbook, this difference in how the word sounds is a matter of Select one: a. inflection. b. verbalization. c. dialect. d. enunciation. e. intonation.

c. dialect

According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to Select one: a. identify the topic of the speech. b. tell the audience his or her name. c. get the interest and attention of the audience. d. preview the purpose of the speech. e. explain the speech assignment.

c. get the interest and attention of the audience

When business managers are asked to list the communication skills most crucial to their job, they usually rank __________ number one. Select one: a. conversation b. critical thinking c. listening d. public speaking e. writing

c. listening

Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points: Beijing and other major Chinese cities are plagued by massive traffic jams, To combat the problem, officials have reduced the number of days a car can be driven each week. Select one: a. objective b. persuasive c. problem-solution d. analytical e. spatial

c. problem-solution

Good speech delivery Select one: a. is accompanied by frequent gestures. b. requires that the speaker have a strong voice. c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed. d. draws the attention of the audience away from the message. e. is best achieved by reading from a manuscript.

c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed

Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly a. before they rise to speak. b. as soon as they begin to speak. c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech. d. after they reach the middle of the speech. e. None of these answers are correct.

c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech

Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about __________ percent of what we hear. Select one: a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 e. 60

d. 50

According to your textbook, when you prepare speaking notes for your first speech, you should Select one: a. double-space or triple-space your notes so they are easy to see. b. write down key terms and phrases rather than complete sentences. c. write or print on only one side of the index cards or paper. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both double-space or triple-space your notes so they are easy to see and write or print on only one side of the index cards or paper.

d. All of these answers are correct

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech? Select one: a. Rehearse the speech out loud. b. Prepare notes consisting of key words and phrases. c. Practice giving the speech to friends or family members. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both prepare notes consisting of key words and phrases and practice giving the speech to friends or family members.

d. All of these answers are correct

Your textbook recommends that when you deliver your first speech, you should make an effort to Select one: a. maintain eye contact with the audience. b. use your voice expressively. c. avoid distracting mannerisms. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both use your voice expressively and avoid distracting mannerisms.

d. All of these answers are correct

As explained in your textbook, which of the following should lead you to question the objectivity of a sponsoring organization for an Internet document? Select one: a. The organization benefits financially by promoting its stance on the issue. b. The organization often expresses positions that are known to be politically controversial. c. all of the above d. a and b only

d. a and b only

According to your textbook, the best time to work out the exact wording of a speech introduction is Select one: a. while you are researching the speech. b. as you rise to deliver a persuasive speech. c. at the same time you formulate the specific purpose. d. after you prepare the body of the speech. e. before you finish phrasing the central idea.

d. after you prepare the body of the speech

According to your textbook, effective listening can help you do which of the following? Select one: a. gather information and communicate it accurately to others b. learn effective techniques that you can use in your own speeches c. get promoted in your job d. all of the above e. a and c only

d. all of the above

According to your textbook, the questions listeners ask when judging an informative speech include Select one: a. Is the information communicated clearly? b. Is the information communicated accurately? c. Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience? d. all of the above e. a and b only

d. all of the above

According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a speaking outline? Select one: a. cues for delivering the speech b. statistics and quotations that might be easily forgotten c. key words or phrases to jog the speaker's memory d. all of the above e. a and b only

d. all of the above

As your textbook explains, many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include: a. telling a story for maximum impact. b. tailoring your message to your audience. c. organizing your thoughts logically. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

d. all of the above

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a method of brainstorming for a speech topic? a. clustering b. taking a personal inventory c. conducting an Internet search d. all of the above e. a and c only

d. all of the above

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking? Select one: a. Use language clearly. b. Use language accurately. c. Use language vividly. d. all of the above e. a and b only

d. all of the above

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a way to use language clearly? Select one: a. Use familiar words. b. Choose concrete words. c. Eliminate clutter. d. all of the above e. a and b only

d. all of the above

You have found statistics on the Internet that you would like to use in your speech; Before you do, you need to make sure that Select one: a. they come from a credible author or sponsoring organization. b. you can find the date on which they were published, posted, or updated. c. the statistics are recent enough to make them reliable for your speech. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

d. all of the above

Which of the following words is the most concrete and specific? Select one: a. fruit b. tree c. plant d. apricot e. organism

d. apricot

According to your textbook, if you quoted Dr. Anthony Alessandro, a world-renowned transplant surgeon, on the organ shortage problem, what kind of testimony would you be using? Select one: a. valid b. peer c. professional d. expert e. unbiased

d. expert

To inform my audience about the major parts of a motion-picture camera, is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a or an Select one: a. concept. b. event. c. process. d. object. e. function.

d. object

According to your textbook, the three criteria for judging the reliability of research documents located on the Internet are authorship, sponsorship, and Select one: a. interest. b. formality. c. interactivity. d. recency. e. graphics.

d. recency

According to your textbook, "Now that you know about Julio's interest in photography, let's look at his passion for snowboarding" is an example of a Select one: a. bridge. b. conclusion. c. conversion. d. transition. e. summary

d. transition

According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective: In addition to helping people in need, working as a hospital volunteer provides you with valuable job experience. Select one: a. link b. signpost c. marker d. transition e. bridge

d. transition

Which of the following are among the methods recommended in your textbook for avoiding too many abstractions in an informative speech? Select one: a. use statistics and testimony b. use narration and dialogue c. use testimony and examples d. use comparison and contrast e. use data and technical language

d. use comparison and contrast

According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech? Select one: a. It is hard to maintain parallel wording if there are too many main points. b. It is hard to phrase the central idea if a speech has too many main points. c. It is hard to organize supporting materials if there are too many main points. d. It is hard to deliver a speech extemporaneously if it has too many main points. e. It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

e. It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points

What does your textbook say about preparing effective speech introductions? Select one: a. The best introduction is likely to be the one that comes to mind first. b. A lengthy quotation can gain attention and help build credibility. c. Determine the exact wording of the introduction before preparing the body. d. Plan to deliver the introduction impromptu so it will be spontaneous. e. Make your introduction no more than 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech.

e. Make your introduction no more than a 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech

According to your textbook, people with inefficient note-taking skills usually suffer from which problem(s)? Select one: a. They don't know what to listen for. b. They don't know how to record what they listen for. c. they don't know the difference between paraphrases and quotations d. all of the above e. a and b only

e. a and b only

According to your textbook, the specific purpose for a speech should: a. include a reference to the audience. b. be written as a full infinitive phrase. c. be expressed as a question. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

e. a and b only

Which of the following does your textbook recommend when you need to speak impromptu? Select one: a. Maintain eye contact with the audience. b. Use signposts to help listeners keep track of your ideas. c. Tell the audience how nervous you are. d. all of the above e. a and b only

e. a and b only

Claudia is researching her speech on the use of hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source. According to your textbook, Claudia should Select one: a. make a separate entry for each note. b. take notes only from sources she knows she will cite in the speech. c. distinguish in her notes between paraphrases and direct quotations. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

e. a and c only

Which of the following should be included in a preparation outline? Select one: a. the bibliography b. a specific purpose statement c. transitions, internal previews, and internal summaries d. the central idea e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Abandoning nuclear power because of accidents would be like throwing the baby out with the bath water is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech because it: a. is written as a statement rather than as a question. b. is missing a reference to the audience. c. contains figurative language. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

e. b and c only

As your textbook explains, you should use examples in your speeches in order to Select one: a. quantify your ideas. b. personalize your ideas. c. clarify your ideas d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

e. b and c only

As explained in your textbook, To inform my audience about the causes of the American Revolution, is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a or an Select one: a. object. b. function. c. institution. d. concept. e. event.

e. event

When you use the __________ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few brief notes to jog your memory. Select one: a. spontaneous b. personal c. informative d. traditional e. extemporaneous

e. extemporaneous

According to your textbook, the main reason to keep a speaking outline brief is to Select one: a. help the speaker feel more confident and secure. b. make the speech clearer for the audience. c. ensure that the outline fits on a single note card. d. make it easier for the speaker to gesture. e. help the speaker maintain eye contact with the audience.

e. help the speaker maintain eye contact with the audience

According to your textbook, one way to focus your listening is to Select one: a. concentrate on what the speaker is wearing. b. try to remember every word the speaker utters. c. engage in mental arguments with the speaker. d. pay attention to feedback from other listeners. e. listen to the speaker's main points

e. listen to the speaker's main points

If your specific purpose statement were, To inform my audience about the major archaeological sites in Central America, you would probably organize your speech in __________ order. Select one: a. topical or causal b. spatial or comparative c. comparative or chronological d. chronological or causal e. spatial or topical

e. spatial or topical

The more __________ your examples, the greater impact they are likely to have. Select one: a. hypothetical b. complex c. unusual d. expert e. vivid

e. vivid