Funeral History

cremation

The most common form of disposition for the early Scandinavians was (a) earth burial. (b) cremation. (c) dissection. (d) cave burial. B Correct

600 A.D. to 1850 A.D

3. The years associated with the Medieval Period are (a) 30,000 B.C. to 6,000 B.C. (b) 6,000 B.C. to 600 A.D. (c) 600A.D. to 1850A.D. (d) 700 A.D. to 1900 A.D.

Ancient Egyptians

30. The "Cult of Osiris" identified with which early civilization? (a) Ancient Romans (b) Ancient Greeks (c) Ancient Egyptians (d) Hebrews

Ancient Egyptians

31. The placing of various organs in canopic jars and embalming by class distinction was specifically associated with which of the following early civilizations? (a) Ancient Egyptians (b) Ancient Greeks (c) Ancient Romans (d) Early Christians

Master of Ceremonies

32. The "Designator" in ancient Rome was also referred to as the (a) Crier (b) Embalmer. (c) Goddess of Corpses and Funerals. (d) Master of Ceremonies.

Osiris

39. The Egyptian "God of the Dead" was (a) Set. (b) Osiris. (c) Anubis. (d) Ra

Romans

74. Who usually had their funeral processions during the night (a) Greeks. (b) Romans. (c) Christians. (d) Northern Europeans.

Surgeon

92. The individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose functions were embalming and wrapping of the remains was (a) Apothecary. (b) Pharmacist. (c) Dissector. (d) Surgeon.

ounces per square foot

99. Which of the following was not a consideration with the introduction of the metallic burial casket? (a) Ounces per square foot (b) Introduction of the ogee design (c) Emphasis on preservation of the dead (d) Changes in various designs

Mongolians

10. Which of these cultures were believed to have thrown their dead to hordes of wild dogs? (a) Mongolians (b) Hindustanies (c) Aryan Tribes (d) Balearians

Ka

11. According to ancient Egyptian death beliefs, the element of the body which remained with the body in the grave and demanded attention from the living was the (a) Ka. (b) Ba. (c) Yakhu. (d) Shadow.

bandaging and anointing

12. The most expensive method of Egyptian embalming consisted of five steps, the last of which was (a) drying the body in the sun. (b) removal of the brain. (c) immersion in a natron solution. (d) bandaging and anointing.

3,000

13. According to ancient Egyptian history, which of the following numbers approximates the number of years required to complete the journey known as the "Circle of Necessity"? (a) 30,000 (b) 3,000 (c) 300 (d) 30

Kher-heb

24. In discussing the undertaking specialists of ancient Egypt, which one of the following was referred to as the priest? (a) Designer (b) Dissector (c) Apothecary (d) Kher-heb D

Harlan

42. The person who was responsible for bringing the European embalming techniques to the U.S. was (a) Worsham. (b) Penberthy. (c) Harlan. (d) Hofmann.

during the day of death before sundown

44. Jewish burials was scheduled (a) during the middle of the night. (b) one hour before dawn. (c) at dawn. (d) during the day of death before sundown.

light hearted practices

45. The Medieval Irish wakes were known for their (a) sadness. (b) anger. (c) mask making. (d) light-hearted practices.

The women always prepared the dead bodies

47. Which of the following is not true of the Ancient Jewish funeral? (a) They did not practice cremation (b) In the beginning they didn 't use caskets or outer enclosures (c) Embalming was not practiced (d) The women always prepared the dead bodies

Middle-ages

48. Another name for the Dark Ages was (a) Middle-Ages. (b) Neolithic Ages. (c) Ancient Period. (d) Eolithic Ages.

Ancient

49. The period of time when the Egyptians were embalming bodies was (a) Medieval. (b) Neolithic. (c) Ancient. (d) Paleolithic.

Orthodox

78. The Jewish religious sect which had a very strict viewpoint of their religious policies and procedures were the (a) Conservative. (b) Progressive. (c) Reformed. (d) Orthodox.

be dissolved

79. The injection of cedar oil into the abdomen of the body was utilized in the medium priced method of Egyptian embalming, causing the organs in the cavity to (a) become hard as a rock. (b) have an adequate amount of preservation. (c) be dissolved. (d) be sterilized.

Necropolis

8. In Egyptian history, the walled suburb of a major city where embalming was performed was referred to as the (a) Metropolis. (b) Mound City. (c) Necropolis. (d) City of Necessity.

2%

80. What approximate percentage of the Egyptian populace were prepared by the expensive method of embalming? (a) 2% {b) 10% (c) 18% (d) 50%

none of these

89. The individual designated to eviscerate and wash the Egyptian remains was (a) Apothecary. (b) Scribe. (c) Surgeon. (d) none of these.

A coffin

14. The term Sarcophagus refers to which of the following? (a) A burial ceremony (b) A cremation urn (c) A coffin (d) A type of Canopic Jar,

Ancient Greeks

28. The Cult of Dionysius is associated with which of the following cultures? (a) Ancient Romans (b) Ancient Greeks (c) Ancient Egyptians (d) Hebrews

Ancient Greeks

29. The "Elysian Fields" death belief is associated with which of the following cultures? (a) Hebrew (b) Ancient Egyptians (c) Ancient Greeks (d) Ancient Romans

Babylonians

1. Which culture is associated with the practice of immersing the body of the dead in earthen jars filled with honey or wax? (a) Ethiopians (b} Babylonians (c) Gaunches (d) Peruvians

Air tight receptacles

100. Which of the following was not a major influence in the development of chemical embalming? (a) Air tight receptacles (b) The Civil War (c) Element of disinfection (d) A longer viewing period

North American Indians

15. Which people are known to have skinned their dead as part of the body preparation procedure? (a) North American Indians (b) Gaunches (c) Egyptians (d) Babylonians

A flint stone knife

16. The term "Tabona" referred to which of the following? (a) A form of coffin (b) A god worshipped by an early culture (c) A flint stone knife (d) A type of tomb for burial

Heart

17. The Egyptians felt that which of the following was the seat of intellect and emotion? (a) Brain (b) Heart (c) Lungs (d) Soul

The Sun

18. Which of the following did the Egyptians believe to be the Center of the Universe? (a) The Nile River (b) The Amazon River (c) The Mediterranean Sea (d) The Sun

Once a year

19. How often did the inundation (overflowing) of the Nile River occur? (a) Once a year (b) Twice a year (c) Once a month (d) Once every ten years

Neolithic Period

2. With which era are the years 30,000 B.C. to 6,000 B.C. associated? (a) Middle Ages (b) Eolithic Period (c) Paleolithic Period (d) Neolithic Period

to the sun and back

20. Regarding the journey known as the Circle of Necessity, according to the Egyptians, where did this journey lead? (a) Around the world (b) Down the Nile River (c) Across the river Styx (d) To the Sun and back

Herodotus

21. Who was the Greek historian known as the "Father of History"? (a) King Tut (b) Herodotus (c) Ramses the Great (d) Dionysius

London, England

22. The "Guild of All Souls" was established in (a) Cairo, Egypt. (b) London, England. (c) Athens, Greece. (d) Paris, France.

Dr. Thomas Holmes

23. The "Father of Modern Embalming" in the United States is (a) Auguste Renourd. (b) Edwin Chadwick. (c) Libitina. (d) Dr. Thomas Holmes.

Egyptians

25. The Ba, Yakhu, The Name, The Heart, The Shadow, and The Ka are elements of the body that were associated with which of the following cultures? (a) Romans (b) Greeks (c) Egyptians (d) Hebrews

Romans

26. Libitina and Libitinerius are funeral functionaries identified with which of the following early cultures? (a) Romans (b) Greeks (c) Hebrews (d) Egyptians

Praeco

27. The "Crier" in Ancient Rome was also referred to as the (a) Pollinctores. (b) Designator. (c) Praeco. (d) Embalmer.

Middle-ages

33. The use of an "effigy" became popularized during (a) early America. (b) classical antiquity. (c) middle-ages. (d) late 19th century.

effigy

34. During the Middle Ages a waxed death mask was referred to as a(n) (a) effigy. (b) evil spirit. (c) door badge. (d) catacomb.

middle-ages

35. The Great Plague of London took place during the (a) middle-ages. (b) early 19th century. (c) middle 20th century. (d) _classical antiquity.

1664-1665

36. The Great Plague of London took place in (a) 1664-1665. (b) 1865 -1866. (c) 1764-1765. (d) 1491 -1492.

Middle-ages

37. A "Sin-eater" was associated with which of the following? (a) Ancient Egyptians (b) Ancient Greeks (c) Ancient Romans (d) Middle-Ages

Municipal officers

38. In discussing early American funerals, inviters to funerals and town undertakers were referred to as (a) municipal officers. (b) specific layers out of the dead. (c) licensed funeral directors. (d) sextons.

North American Indians

4. Tree Burial was associated with which of the following? (a) Ethiopians (b) Persians (c) North American Indians (d) Peruvians

Medieval

40. Burial Societies were becoming common place during (a) Ancient Period. (b) Modem Period. (c) Neolithic Era. (d) Medieval Period.

Christians

41. The first people to dress their dead in white clothing were the (a) Romans. (b) Christians. (c) Greeks. (d) Egyptians.

Basar

43. The term used by the Jewish people to represent the flesh was (a) Charon. (b) Nefesh. (c) Basar. (d) Chevrah Kadisha.

Discovery of blood circulation

5. The year 1628 is associated with which great event in the history of embalming? (a) Discovery of blood circulation (b) Discovery of formaldehyde (c) Discovery of capillary circulation (d) Discovery of bacteria

Mausoleum

50. The name of the Jewish grave that was covered with a stone slab is (a) Chamber. (b) Pyramid. (c) Mausoleum. (d) Sunken.

Church

51. Burial trends during the Middle Ages were greatly influenced by the (a) public. (b) king. (c) church. (d) death beliefs.

Jews

52. The "Kiss of Peace'' represented a major break in tradition between the Christians and the (a) Greeks. (b) Romans. (c) Jews. (d) Northern Europeans.

England

53. One of the countries which made mask making very popular in replacing the body during the long periods the body was lying in state was (a) Scotland. (b) England. (c) Ireland. (d) Germany.

Ireland and Sctoland

54. The country which practiced "Communion of the Dead" was (a) Germany. (b) Ireland. (c) Scotland. (d) Both B & C.

Burial mass celebrated at the grave

55. Which of the following is not part of a Roman Committal Service? (a) Casting earth upon the remains by the family of the deceased (b) Purification of the family and friends by washing of the hands (c) Burial mass celebrated at the grave site (d) Dedication of the burial grounds

Torch bearer

56. The focal point of a Roman Funeral Procession was the (a) Torch bearer. (b) Freedmen. (c) Jesters. (d) Singers.

Hades

57. The name of the place of Greek afterlife was (a) Valhalla. (b) Sheol. (c) Commune Sepulchrum. (d) Hades.

God's little Acre

58. Which of the following does not have any significance in the Greek Burial practices and customs? (a) An Obol (b) Cerberus (c) God's Little Acre (d) Charon

was a body of mortuary laws

59. Constantine's Sumptuary Laws (a) guaranteed a funeral service for everyone. (b) permitted burial within the walls of Rome. (c) was a body of mortuary laws. (d) regulated the cost of a Roman funeral.

Osiris

6. The one in Egypt known as God of the Underworld and Judge of the Dead was (a) Horus. (b) Osiris. (c) Ramses the Great. (d) Herodotus

Constantine

60. The first Christian ruler of Rome was (a) Nero. (b) Horus. (c) Alexander. (d) Constantine.

Priest

61. Which of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process was the most prominent? (a) Chief Embalmer (b) Priest (c) Apothecary (d) Dissector

Scribe

62. Of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process, the person who marked the length of the incision with a charcoal pencil was the (a) Physician. (b) Surgeon. (c) Chief Embalmer. (d) Scribe.

80%

63. The percentage of Egyptians prepared by the inexpensive method of embalming was (a) 2%. (b) 10%. (c) 18%. (d) 80%.

Jesters

64. Which of the following was not part of an Egyptian Funeral Procession? (a) Professional mourners (b) The body placed on a sled which was drawn by oxen (c) Religious representatives (d) Jesters

Physician

65. Of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process, who was in charge of the funeral procession of an influential Egyptian? (a) Physician (b) Surgeon (c) ChiefEmbalmer (d) Scribe

Libitnarious

66. The Roman "Head Undertaker" was referred to as the (a) Praeco. (b) Designator. (c) Pollinctores. (d) Libitinarious.

Land of the Dead

67. Early Scandinavians referred to Valhalla as (a) Hades. (b) Nothingness. (c) Land of the Dead. (d) Land of the Sea.

Hades

68. In the mythological concepts of the Greek Afterlife, the Greeks prepared the body to go to (a) Sheol. (b) Valhalla. (c) Hades. (d) Commune Sepulchrum.

cremation

69. Many historians credit the Greeks as the first to use (a) the wheel. (b) oxen to pull the bier. (c) cremation. (d) burial containers.

Gaunches

7. The ones who created mummies that were referred to as "Xaxos" were the (a) Peruvians. (b) Egyptians. (c) Ethiopians. (d) Gaunches.

Hofmann

70. The person who discovered formaldehyde in 1868 was (a) Bellows. (b) Barnes. (c) Holmes. (d) Hofmann.

Harlan

71. The person who had Gannal's book published in the United States was (a) Malpighi. (b) Leeuwenhoek. (c) Harlan. (d) Harvey.

Romans

72. The people who dressed their dead in togas were the (a) Greeks. (b) Romans. (c) Christians. (d) Hebrews.

Northern Europeans

73. The people who cremated their dead with all of their worldly possessions were (a) Romans. (b) Greeks. (c) Christians. (d) Northern Europeans.

Nafesh and Basar

75. The Jewish people believed the individual was made up of two elements which were (a) Horus and Isis. (b) Nefesh and Basar. (c) Charon and Cerberus. (d) Styx and Hades.

their best attire

76. The deceased Hebrews dressed in (a) all white burial clothing. (b) toga. (c) their best attire. (d) clothing which signified their station in life.

simplicity

77. Jewish funeral customs were noted for their (a) traditional respect for their burial ground. (b) simplicity. (c) utilization of cremation. (d) desire to thoroughly preserve the body.

Horus

81. The canopic jars which housed the organs of deceased Egyptians were named after the four sons of (a) Osiris. (b) Isis. (c) Set. (d) Horus

Set

82. In ancient Egyptian Beliefs of the Cult of Osiris, who was Osiris wicked brother? (a) Ba (b) Ka (c) Set (d) Anubis

Osiris

83. The Deity who is known as "God of the Underworld" (a) Osiris. (b) Anubis. (c) Isis. (d) Horus.

6

84. The Sun worshipers believed people were developed from __ elements (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 6.

City of the Dead

85. The Necropolis was (a) City of the Dead. (b) Land of the Cemeteries and Crypts. (c) Worship place for the Cult of Osiris. (d) Worship place for Sun Worshipers.

sarcophagus

86. Egyptian burial receptades which were large, massive, and rectangular in shape, describe the casket (a) earthenware. (b) sarcophagus. (c) anthropoid. (d) wooden.

Hebrews

87. The civilization of people whose faith necessitated burial of the deceased by sundown on the day of death was the (a) Egyptians. (b) Greeks. (c) Africans. (d) Hebrews.

entombment

88. The most desirable mode of disposition for the Egyptians was (a) cremation. (b) burial at sea. (c) entombment. (d) earth burial.

Eolithic

9. The earliest assumed state of man was depictive of which era? (a) Ancient (b) Eolithic (c) Medieval (d) Paleolithic

anthropoid

90. The Egyptian coffin which gained popularity because of the influence of Osiris was called the (a) portrait. (b) anthropoid. (c) sarcophagus. (d) earthenware.

Immersion in molten asphalt

91. Which of the following is not part of the expensive Egyptian embalming method? (a) Removal of the brain through the ear or nostril passage (b) Drying in open sunlight (c) Evisceration through the abdominal incision (d) Immersion in molten asphalt

Apothecary Servant

93. The individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose function was to anoint the body with the necessary oils, spices, and ointments was the (a) Apothecary Servant. (b) Dissector. (c) Anatomist. (d) Scribe.

Romans

94. The most noted impact the Egyptian coffins had on another civilization was with the (a) Greeks. (b) Jews. (c) Romans. (d) Hobrews.

Funeral customs

95. Which of the following came first? (a) Treatment of disease (b) Formulation of government (c) Funeral customs (d) Formulation of definite religious beliefs

Greeks

96. The ____ are credited with the introduction of cremation. (a) Greeks (b) Egyptians c (c) Romans (d) Americans

Craftsman

97. With the introduction of coffins and early funeral goods, which of the following were primarily pursuing the undertaking profession? (a) The clergy (b) The doctors (c) Craftsman (d) Survivors

Importance on preservation of the deceased

98. Which of the following was not a consideration in the development of coffins and burial cases? (a) Improvement in style and composition (b) Emphasis on increased utility (c) Desire for complete protection (d) Importance on preservation of the deceased